• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2002.10e
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• pp.98-102
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• 2002

초등학교 교과서에 사용된 어휘의 수준을 보기 위해 교과서에 쓰인 어휘의 사용 빈도를 포함하여 결정에 영향력을 미칠 요소를 파악하고 요소간의 관계를 설립하여 교육용 어휘 설정의 나아갈 방향을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 7차 교육과정에 있는 초등학교 교과서에서 국어 어휘 교육 관련 항목을 살펴 이들의 단계별 학습 수준의 고려가 이루어져 있는지를 검토하고자 한다. 수준별 교육 과정에서 밝히고 있는 어휘 의미 교육의 위계가 세부적이고 치밀한 수준의 적정성을 바탕으로 하여 구성되어 있는지를 검토하고 초등학교 교육용 어휘 선정의 문제 분석을 통해 기본 어휘와 기초 어휘 분류의 적정 기준과 학습 활동에 있어 언어 사용 능력으로서의 어휘력과 언어 체계 속의 어휘력을 구분할 필요가 있음을 설명하고자 한다.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.317-325
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the readability of the 2015 revised elementary science textbooks at the vocabulary and sentence levels, and to provide an opportunity to use vocabulary and sentences with an appropriate level of readability for writing textbooks in the future. To do this, the readability of the 2015 revised elementary science textbook was analyzed and the vocabulary and sentence level the readability of sentences defining scientific terminology were analyzed. The results were then compared to the readability of previous curriculum textbooks. The results are as follows: first, the grade average of vocabulary remained at 1.5-2.1, with vocabulary appropriate to the elementary school level being used on average. However, grades 4 to 5 vocabulary are distributed at a relatively high rate. Second, the sentence-level analysis shows that the sentence lengths for the third and fifth grades were relatively long and the percentage of simple sentences was low. Third, compared to other curriculum textbooks, it was confirmed that the proper level of readability was maintained at the vocabulary level, but that the sentence lengths and the percentage of simple sentences could adversely affect the readability of third-grade science textbooks.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.691-696
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• 2022

This study explored the lexical sophistication features to distinguish the group membership of English proficiency, using the automatic analysis program of lexical sophistication. A total of 600 essays written by 300 Korean college students were extracted from the ICNALE (International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English) corpus and a discriminant function analysis was performed using SPSS program. Results showed that the lexical features to distinguish three groups of English proficiency are SUBTLEXUS frequency content words, age of acquisition content words, lexical decision mean reaction time function words, and hypernymy verbs. High-level Korean students used frequent content words from SUBTLEXUS corpus to a lesser degree and produced more sophisticated words that can be learned at a later age and take longer reaction time in lexical decision task, and more concrete verbs.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.329-350
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• 2017

This paper examined vocabulary used in elementary mathematics textbooks and workbooks for the grade band of 5~6. This study focused on the adequacy of vocabulary using 9-degree of semantic difficulty. The results of this study showed that most vocabulary in the textbooks and workbooks was adequate for the target grades. In some cases, however, vocabulary that was supposed to be difficult for the fifth and sixth graders was employed in a way that the meaning of such vocabulary was difficult for students to infer in the given context. The most frequent vocabularies in the main activities of the mathematics textbooks included 'method', 'investigate', 'number', 'communicate', and 'represent'. Based on these results, this study provides 5~6 grade textbook writers with implications on what to further consider in dealing with vocabulary in instructional materials.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2010

This study analyzed the vocabulary level in the 'Water' unit of chemistry I textbook. It also analyzed its relevance to the 11th graders' vocabulary level. The main tool for analyzing vocabulary level was SWA(Science Word Analysis) program which was referenced the Standard Korean Dictionary and Graduated Vocabulary of Korean Language Education. The results in this study turned out to be as follows: The distribution of scientific vocabulary level increased from Level-1 to Level-3 and showed a tendency to decrease from Level-3 until Level-5. The average percentage of Out of level is the largest as 37%. The highest percentage of non-scientific vocabulary was Level-1. The distribution of non-scientific vocabulary level decreased progressively. The Level-5 and Out of level are used 18% averagely. So, there are 6 vocabularies of Level-5 and 82 vocabularies of extra-level inappropriate in scientific vocabularies. And there are 53 vocabularies of Level-5 and 145 vocabularies of Out of level inappropriate in non-scientific vocabularies. Therefore, the overall state of textbooks for grade 11 students are reasonable. But there are a great many vocabularies inappropriate for them. Those should be used minimum, and to be changed to the 1-4 of level vocabulary as stated in the student's level of understanding of appropriate vocabulary.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.433-438
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• 2021

This study investigates the relationship between lexical sophistication features and English proficiency for Korean college students. Essays from the ICNALE(International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English) corpus were analyzed, using TAALES program. In order to examine whether or not there are statistically significant differences in lexical sophistication features across three groups, MANOVA was conducted. Results showed that the lexical sophistication features were significantly affected by English proficiency level. Essays written by Korean students with different English proficiency levels can be differentiated in terms of various lexical sophistication features including content words frequency, content words familiarity, lexical decision mean reaction time function words, hypernymy verbs, word naming response time function words, age of acquisition content words.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.318-324
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• 2020

The present study was conducted to investigate the influences of emotion priming and the number of negation words on the task of sentential predicate reasoning in groups with or without anxiety symptoms. 3 types of primed emotions and 2 types of stimulus and 3 conditions of negation words were used as a within-subject variable. The subjects were instructed to make facial expressions that match the directions, and were asked to choose the correct answer from the given examples. Mixed repeated measured ANOVA analyses on reaction time first showed main effects for the variables of emotion, stimulus, number of negation words and anxiety level, and the interaction effects for the negation words x anxiety combination. These results are presumably suggested to reflect that externally intervening emotion works on language comprehension in a way that anxiety could delay task processing speed regardless of the emotion and stimulus type, meanwhile the number of negation words can slower language processing only in a anxiety group. Implications and limitations were discussed for the future work.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.903-922
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• 2016

This paper examined vocabulary in elementary mathematics textbooks and workbooks for the grade band of 3~4. This study focused on the adequacy of vocabulary using 9-degree of semantic difficulty. The results of this study showed that about three to eight percent of vocabulary with difficulty for students in grades 3~4 was employed. Whereas some difficult vocabularies were used along with the picture that helps students understand their meanings, others were presented without any illustrative tools. The most frequent vocabularies in the main activities of the mathematics textbooks included 'investigate', 'represent', 'number', 'how many', and 'method'. Based on these results, this study provides textbook writers with implications on what to further consider in dealing with vocabulary in instructional materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1404-1407
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 객관식 문항을 난이도에 따라 자동으로 생성하는 방법을 고안하여, 학습자 수준에 적합하도록 다양하고 동적인 형태로 문항 제시를 할 수 있는 시스템을 제안하였다. 이를 위해서는 주어진 문장에서 형태소 분석을 통해 키워드를 추출하고, 각 키워드에 대하여 워드넷의 계층적 특성에 따라 의미가 유사한 후보 단어를 제시한다. 의미 유사 후보 단어를 제시할 때, 워드넷에서의 어휘간 유사도 측정 방법을 사용함으로써 생성된 문항의 난이도를 사용자가 원하는 수준으로 조정할 수 있도록 하였다. 단어의 의미 유사도는 동의어를 의미하는 수준 0에서 거의 유사도를 찾을 수 없는 수준 9 까지 다양하게 제시할 수 있으며, 이를 조절함으로써 문항의 전체 난이도를 조절할 수 있다. 후보 어휘들의 의미 유사도 측정을 위해서, 본 논문에서는 두 가지 방법을 사용하여 구현하였다. 첫째는 단순히 두 어휘의 워드넷 상에서의 거리만을 고려한 것이고 둘째는 두 어휘가 워드넷에서 차지하는 비중까지 추가적으로 고려한 것이다. 이러한 방법을 통하여 실제 출제자가 기존에 출제된 문제를 토대로 보다 다양한 내용과 난이도를 가진 문제 또는 문항을 보다 쉽게 출제하게 함으로써 출제에 소요되는 비용을 줄일 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.216-221
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• 2002

본 연구는 문자 규칙 심층성이 다른 문자체계인 한국어와 중국어의 차이가 이중언어화자의 모국어 처리와 외국어 처리에서 각각 어떤 대뇌 활성화의 차이를 가져오는지 fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)를 이용하여 살펴보았다. 중국어 (Ll)-한국어(L2) 이중언어화자 및 한국어(Ll)-중국어(L2) 이중언어화자를 제 2언어 습득시기에 따라 초기 및 후기 이중언어화자로 구분하여 모국어 차이와 습득시기에 따른 영향을 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 어휘 판단 과제(lexical decision task)를 실시하였고, 실험 2에서는 의미 판단 과제(semantic decision task)를 각각 실시하였다. 어휘판단과제를 사용한 실험 1의 결과는 음운처리와 관련된 좌반구 SMG(supramarginal gyrus), 하두정소엽(inferior parietal lobule, BA 39, 40)에서 중국어-한국어 초기 및 후기이중언어화자의 경우, 한국어 조건에서 보다 많은 활성화를 보였으나, 한국어-중국어 화자의 경우 활성화가 나타나지 않았다. 철자처리에 관련된 방추상회(fusiform gyrus, BA 37, 19) 영역에서는 중국어-한국어 화자뿐만 아니라, 한국어-중국어 인중언어화자의 경우도 중국어 조건에서 보다 많은 활성화를 보였다. 실험 2에서 사용한 의미판단과제의 경우, 중국어-한국어 이중언어화자의 경우 어휘판단과제를 사용한 실험 1의 결과에서 보고된 한국어 특정적인 반응, 즉 SMG영역에서의 활성화의 증가가 실험 2에서는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 한국어-중국어 이중언어화자의 경우, 실험 1에서 나타난 것과 같이 철자처리 혹은 의미처리와도 관련된다고 보고되는 방추상회(fusiform gyrus)등의 영역 유의미한 차이를 나타났다. 이는 어휘 판단과제와 의미판단과제가 유도하는 뇌 활성화 양상이 다름을 시사한다. 종합해 볼 때, 이중언어화자의 뇌 영상 연구에서 어휘수준에서는 거의 공통적인 활성화를 보인다는 개략적 수준의 연구 결과를 넘어, 음운처리 및 철자처리와 같은 어휘접근 수준에서는 이중언어화자들의 뇌 활성화가 다르게 일어남을 보여주고 있다. 따라서 이중언어 화자의 뇌 기전을 밝히기 위해서도 보다 개략적 수준을 넘어 언어처리의 세부적인 수준에 따른 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.