• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.405-413
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• 1984

As the previous paper of studios on lipids in fresh-water fishes, the present study was designed and analyzed to investigate the distribution of lipid components in various tissues of snake head, Channa argus. The free lipid was consisted of neutral lipid ($66.6{\sim}72.4\%$), phospholipid($17.9{\sim}20.4\%$) and glycolipid ($5.7{\sim}12.2\%$), while the bound lipid was consisted of phospholipid($28.6{\sim}50.6\%$), neutral lipid($13.2{\sim}36.1\%$) and glycolipid($3.8{\sim}22.8\%$). The neutral lipid was mainly consisted of triglyceride($62.00{\sim}90.20\%$) in free lipid, and esterified sterol & hydrocarbon($51.30{\sim}72.70\%$) in bound lipid. The phospholipid was mainly consisted of phosphatidyl ethanolamine($28.96{\sim}42.75\%$) and phosphatidyl choline ($27.85{\sim}41.06\%$) in free lipid, and phosphatidyl choline($47.18{\sim}52.45\%$) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine ($17.88{\sim}26.67\%$) in bound lipid. The major fatty acids of polar lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}(21.03\%,\;22.62\%),\;C_{16:1}(8.70\%,\;30.1\%),\;C_{18:1}(20.62\%,\;12.11\%),\;C_{22:5}(3.21\%,\;6.50\%)\;and\;C_{22:6}(7.56\%,\;16.02\%)$, and these of neutral lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}(18.98\%,\;19.12\%),\;C_{16:1}(9.04\%,\;13.49\%),\;C_{18:1}(22.94\%,\;11.61\%)\;and\;C_{22:5}(3.00\%,\;10.05\%)$, respectively. The unsaturation(TUFA/TSFA) of bound lipid was 3.99, and 2.5 times higher than 1.43 of free lipid. The contents of total essential fatty acid in free lipid were ranged $7.99\%\;to\;14.69\%$, and slightly higher than $6.57\%\;to\;8.25\%$ of bound lipid. In both polar and nonpolar lipids, w3 highly unsaturated fatty acid(w3-HUFA) contents of bound lipid were ranged $22.57\%\;to\;31.83\%$, and $2{\sim}3$ times higher than $7.88\%\;to\;14.03\%$ of free lipid. There were significant difference between the lipid and its fatty acid composition in free and bound lipids and/or in various tissues.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.142-154
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• 2012

This study aimed at learning the characteristics of place identity of the Buan county hall garden and Sangsosan(上蘇山) by looking over the pattern and content of letter-engraved rocks and nearby facilities and history. Especially, we focused on the meaning and contents of the letters in Sangsosan and a Government Office of Buan engraved on rocks in order to learn what the place means. The results of our study are as follows. Buan-hyun(扶安縣) in the Joseon dynasty period blossomed literary culture of enjoying poetry and melody, and this was faithful realization of the concept of "Rakto(樂土)" of 'Saengubuan(生居扶安).' The grand scale letters written by Si-SooPark(朴蓍壽: 1767~1876), head of the office in the early 19th century, in the cursive style on the basis stone of the garden of Buan county building, which was the site of the office of Buan-hyun in the Joseon dynasty period, such as 'Bongraedongcheon(蓬萊洞天)', 'Jurim(珠林)', and 'Okcheon(玉泉)' mean that "'Bongrae', the another name of Buan', is a place where Taoist hermits would live because the spring water of Seorim flows down to be Okcheon.", showing his pride of living Buan. The regions like Seorimjeong, Geumdae(琴臺), and Hyecheon(惠泉) where letters engraved on rocks are located intensively are closely related with those who communicated with Mae-ChangLee(李梅窓: 1573~1610), the slave of the government, and are local attractions and garden traces where the literary culture and scholar's spirit of Buan are well-harmonized. Most of the letters were written from the 19th century to the early 20th century, showing that 4 for landscapes, 8 for Kyungseck(景色: imaginary scenry), 5 for figures, 15 for poems and 2 for others. The ratio of poems is much higher than that of poems in other regions' letters on rocks, and the keyword of the letters is Haecheon. A piece of the place identity heavily influenced by the Taois thermit ideology is revealed by the expressions of 'Bongraedongcheon', 'Sosansaho(蘇山四皓)' or 'the spring water of Haecheon' that was considered as an elixir of Taoist hermits. Seorim the forest, which had been managed after Yeon-Myeong Cho(趙然明: 1797~?), head of the office, planted trees in the 11th year of the reign of King Heonjong(1845), Seorimjeong in the forest, and rocks with engraved letters on them are proof of literary culture and the garden traces showing the characteristics and aspect of Imcheon(林泉) Garden of the office heavily influenced by the Taoist hermit ideology. Along with Naebyeon-san national park and Kyeokpo region, the center of Buan tourism, we hope that cultural heritages including rocks with engraved letters over Seorim park would become a representative cultural heritage and attraction of Buan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2017

A study on the population ecology of gregarious Wisteria habitat was conducted in Beomeosa temple, Busan. The area has been protected since it was designated as No. 176 natural monument in 1966. Such a large habitat of native wisteria (Wisteria floribunda DC.) in Korea is very rare so that it has a very high academic value. However, there are no high-resolution researches on the distribution and ecology of wisteria in the Gregarious Wisteria Habitat of Beomeosa Temple. The study aimed to identify the distribution and characteristics of wisteria populations in the Wisteria habitat. The study identified the distribution of Wisteria, RCC, the climbing direction, the plant and flora in the research area in the Gregarious Wisteria Habitat of Beomeosa Temple in Busan and the surrounding areas based on an on-site research. As a result, the total number of the wisteria populations in the research area was confirmed to be 1,158 and the RCC of wisteria was on average 69.0 mm (${\pm}45.5$) and in maximum 365 mm. In terms of the climbing direction, the number of wisteria that climbs clockwise or counterclockwise was determined to be 40. It was identified that there are 28 taxa of the climbing plant species and the wisteria of the same kind was the most favorable. The populations were found to be dispersed adjacent to the valleys, and were found to be maintained by constant disturbance. 76.6 % of the population was found to be distributed in the valley forest, and the Carpinus tschonoskii-Pseudosasa japonica forest, Pueraria lobata community and Pinus densiflora forest were found to be relatively dispersed. The study proposed to conduct the follow-up researches to preserve the wisteria that is spreading in this research area, the wisteria with the highest RCC and regional habitat through continuous monitoring; and maintain the protection area of No. 176 natural monument; and discussed the management measures and approaches that reflect the habitat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1246-1250
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• 2005

This study was carried out to analyze the components of the stem of bush clover, Lespedeza bicolor to obtain basic data on the studies of the physiological function and a possibility of utilizing L. bicolor. General components of L. bicolor were 82.35$\%$ carbohydrate, 13.38$\%$ moisture, 2.80$\%$ crude protein, 0.86$\%$ crude ash and 0.61$\%$ crude fat. The content of reducing sugar was 147.58 mg/100 g. The total amount of free sugar was 52.4 mg/100 g that was composed of 31.0 mg/100 g fructose, 16.7 mg/100 g glucose and 4.7 mg/100 g sucrose. In the results of mineral analysis, the content of Ca was the highest (472.97 mg/100 g) and followed by 206.70mg/100 g of K. The total amount of hydrolyzed amino acid was 148.95 mg/100 g that consist of 31.74 mg/100g of essential amino acid and 117.24 mg/100 g of non-essential amino acid. Total free amino acids were contained 106.39 mg/100 g that was composed of 8.41 mg/100 g essential amino acids and 97.98 mg/100 g the non-essential, and proline (62.92 mg/100 g) was the highest that account for 59.8$\%$ of total free amino acids. Total content of amino acid derivatives was 30.01 mg/100g and that of $\gamma$ -aminoisobutyric acid was the highest as 12.57 mg/100 g among them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1989

The present study was designed to examine the effect of dietary fish oil on blood pressure and lipid status of serum. Weanling SHRs and normotensive Wistars were fed a diet containing 5%(w/w) mackerel oil(MO), soybean oil(SO) or beef tallow(BT) for 8 weeks. Growth rate was not significantly different among three dietary groups, but that of SHRs was silightly lower than that of Wistars. SHRs showed higher systolic blood pressure than Wistar rats from the beginning and become hypertensive (over 150mmHg) after 6 week s of feeding period. The MO group of SHRs showed the lowest blood pressure at the 8th week of feeding period but that of Wistars showed similar values with other groups. Tissue weights of liver, heart and kidney were not different amongdietary aroups in Wistars and SHRs. However, heart and kidney weights of SHRs were significantly higher than those of Wistars. Microscopic examination revealed that endomysium of heart tissue and urinary space of kidney were narrowed in SHRs. Serum total and HDL-cholesterol showed similar values among three different dietary fat groups but triglyceride levels were significantly low in MO groups. HDL-cholesterol levels of SHRs were lower than those of Wistars, as well as the fractions of total HDL, the sum of HDL and $HDL_{2+3}$, while VLDL fractions were higher in SHRs. MO groups had the lower values of $HDL_1,\;HDL_{2+3}$ratio than SO and BT groups. Major dietary fatty acids were more or less incorporated into serum phospholipid and triglyceride, resulting in the characteristic fatty acid profile of each dietary group. Incorporation of $C_{18:2}({\omega}_6)$ in SO groups were pronounced, but the degree of incorporation was lower in SHRs. In Mo groups, $C_{22:6}({\omega}_3)$ levels were inreased in triglyceride. It is suggested that these changes in serum lipid fatty acid composition are related to the different patterns of serum lipid by alteration of dietary fats.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2000

The aucha perch, Coreoperca kawamebari was collected in Tam-jin river from February to June 1998. It was reared in the laboratory and observed the spawning behavior and early life history. Spawning season was from mid of April to the end of May in the Tam-jin river. The fertilized eggs were demersal of adhesive, transparent and spherical in shape. Egg diameter was 2.21~2.65 mm with several oil globule of 0.058~0.343 mm. Hatching occurred about 194 hours 23 minutes after fertilization at water temperature of $18{\sim}22^{\circ}C$. Newly-hatched larvae were 5.09~5.68 mm in total length(TL, mean: 5.38mm) with 10~11+18=28~29 myotomes and opened mouth and anus. Melanophores were distributed on the eye lens, on the head, around the yolk, on the dorsal part and the abdominal region of the trunk. After hatching 5 days larvae attained 6.12~6.68 mm in TL (mean: 6.47 mm), and the yolk sac was completely absorbed and transformed to postlarva stage. The larvae reached to the juvenile stage with all the fins were formed with complete set of fin rays (D. XII-12~13; A. III-8~10; P. 11~13; V. I-4~5) at the 22 days after hatching and of the larvae was 11.54 mm in total length. In 32 days after hatching, the juvenile was 13.05 mm in TL. This period was similar to adult in body form and the spot.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1997

The early life history and reproductive ecology of Siniperca scherzeri were studied to obtain fundamental information in aquaculture and reinforcement of natural population in Soyang Lake, Buk-myon, Chunchon-shi, Kangwon-do from June to October 1996. Symptric species with adult fishes (+1 ages) of Siniperca scherzeri were 11 species belonging to 6 families and 10 genera and those with Juveniles (2~3 months) were 5 species belonging to 4 families and 5 genera. The sex radio of this species were 1 (female, 85) : 1.24 (male, 105). Adult and juvenile of this species were predominantly piscivores. Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, Zacco platypus, common carp, Cyprinus carpio, unidentified fish and shrimp were important components of the food items. The spherical eggs were demersal and separative without a colorless transparent chorion and slightly yellowish yolk containing one large oil globule (0.5~0.7mm). The egg just after fertilization were measuring 1.72~2.05mm (n=30), and expanded to 2.27~2.58mm (n=30) in diameter after 30 min. Hatching occurred 130~155 hrs after fertilization at water temperature of $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and newly hatched larvae measuring 5.5~7.1mm in total length. In the newly hatched larvae, numerous branched malanophores were distributed on the yolk and abdomen of caudal peduncle. In ten-day old larvae, the yolk was mostly absorbed and the head spines and the teeth were well developed. All fin rays were formed and total length of the larvae were reached 13.6~15.6mm at 20 days after hatching. In fifty-five day old larvae were similar in both body shape and color to adult. The juvenile stage at 4 months after hatching were attained 86.4~95.3mm (n=7) in total length and 8.77~14.78g (n=7) in body weight.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.310-321
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• 2014

Change in fish species composition after the Hebei Spirit oil spill in December 2007 off Taean were determined by analysis of samples collected in Mailpo beach, 10 km south from the oil spill site and polluted by the crude oil. Fish samples were collected by a beach seine in the shallow water at Malipo beach during the low tide of the new moon from February 2008 to December 2009. Five seine hauls were made during the day and the night in each sampling time. Monthly day and night samples did not show the significant differences in species composition. A total of 21 species, 1,032 individuals and 6,544 g of fish were collected in 2008, and 31 species, 4,206 individuals and 35,659 g of fish in 2009. The species collected were composed of the small-sized fish or juveniles. Abundant fishes were the resident species in coastal water, and the migrants were low in abundance. Among the fish occurred, Chelon haematochelius, Sebastes schlegelii, Takifugu niphobles and Pleuronectes yokohamae were predominated in abundance of both years. Monthly fish abundance and species diversity in 2008 were significantly lower than those in 2009. A few number of resident fish were collected from February to June 2008 showing the lowest in May 2008, and fish abundance increased from July 2008. The number of species and abundance of fish in 2009 were increased in spring as the temperature raised, showed a peak in summer and decreased in autumn. This monthly variation in fish species composition and abundance was similar to those in the non-polluted water in other temperate waters. Low fish abundance during several months after oil spill was considered to be related to the residual oil in the water and habitat disturbance due to oil cleaning activity in the beach. Monthly fish species compositions after September 2008 were similar to those of 2009 suggested that the impact on the shallow water fish by the oil residuals was not too significant at least to the fish species composition after September 2008.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2018

Objective : This study aims to review research trends in driving rehabilitation for the disabled in South Korea since 2000 suggesting research directions for clinicians and researchers. Methods : Fifty eight articles in 16 journals listed in accredited or candidate journal lists of National Research Foundation of Korea from January, 2000 to December, 2016 were reviewed. 'Driving rehabilitation' and 'driving for disabled' were used as search terms. Descriptive statistics were used to classify articles according to study methodology, levels of evidence, study participants, research topics, and academic associations or official journals. Results : Fifty percent of analyzed researches have been published since 2012. Twenty-two studies (37.9%) were published as group comparison and correlational research. Only seven studies (12.1%) were included in evidence level I. There were 19 studies (38.8%) conducted with brain-injured patients among 49 studies including participants. The Korean Society of Occupational Therapy Journal, having published 15 studies (25.9%) about driving rehabilitation, ranked first among the analyzed journals. In research topic, 15 (25.9%) studies were performed about clinical evaluation. Conclusion : The present study showed that the quality of driving rehabilitation-related studies has been increasing, but more intervention-based researches need to be carried out and it is also necessary to carry out various researches in related fields in order to establish efficient driving rehabilitation in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 1998

Science curricula of public and government institution schools from 1895 to 1910 in Korea were studied And through tracing people in charge of science education actual status was researched. The result of the study showed that 'physics, chemistry, nature' in the regular course for normal schools and 'department of science' in the short course were used for in the curriculum. Subject of nature were educated by SaitoKinji. 'Science' was educated by MatsumotoSoji in Department of Japanese Language at Foreign Language School and 'science of nature' by Hase in Department of German Language. 'Nature' and 'physics and chemistry' were taught by ShideharaTahira at Hansung Middle School which was established in 1899. MoriTamejo was in charge of subject of nature at Hansung High School which was a new name since 1906. It was also revealed that'physics and chemistry'were taught at Industrial Professional Institute. In short during the era of Taihan (Korea) Empire science education at public and government institution schools were entirely performed by Japanese. Furthermore the first time when professionals majored in natural science began to assume responsibility for science education was during late part of Taihan Empire and before that time tradition of science education was maintained by'non-professionals'like ShideharaTahira.