• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

Objective : This study examined the test-retest reliability and interrater reliability of the Sensory Processing Scale for Children (SPS-C). Method : Senventy primary caregivers of children with sensory processing difficulties and 3 years old participated in the study. The subjects were recruited through child development centers, welfare centers, and acquaintances located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Busan, and Gyeongsang-do. The test-retest reliability verification targeted 20 main caregivers of children with difficulty in sensory processing. Re-evaluation was performed within 7 to 14 days after the initial evaluation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to confirm the relevance between the two time points, and the Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to confirm the degree of agreement. The interrater reliability verification was conducted with 18 primary caregivers and 18 subsidiary caregivers of children with sensory processing difficulties. Each caregiver evaluated the same child, and the Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to confirm the agreement between the two sets of caregivers. Results : The test-retest reliability was Pearson's correlation coefficient r=.914 and intraclass correlation coefficient ICC=.939, indicating a high level of relevance and agreement. The interrater reliability was an Intraclass correlation coefficient ICC=.727, which showed a moderate level of agreement, but the tactile area (ICC=.455) and proprioceptive area (ICC=.439) were not statistically significant and showed a low degree of agreement. Conclusion : Through this study, it was confirmed that the children's Sensory Processing Scale for Children (SPS-C) is a stable evaluation tool with test-retest reliability and interrater reliability verified, and it will be able to provide help in standardization studies for future clinical use.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1163-1180
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• 2012

The main purpose of this study is to figure out the spending tendency of elderly consumers for their grandchildren. To this end, a detailed survey was carried out for two months from October 1 to November 30, 2011. The respondents consist of 461 elderly consumers over 60s who have grandchildren in elementary grades. Among the gathered data, relevant information was sorted out, coded, and then turned into statistical figures through SPSS 18.0 program. The outcome of this research is explained in the following three respects. First of all, based upon factor and cluster analysis, the role of grandparents has been divided into three categories, which are a babysitter, a friend and a visitor. Depending on their role, the surveyed elderly have been split into three groups-'Friend Group', 'Formal Visitor Group', 'Attached Group'. Second, to give you an overview of the consumption trend of the three groups, this study has reviewed the expenditure items, spending amount and consumption patterns, and made a list of products and services they purchased for the past one year for their grandchildren. Third, given the probability of wealth transfer to the next generation, there is a compelling need to figure out the purchase pattern of financial products. The elderly have been categorized into those with bank deposits only and those with a mixture of bank deposits and other financial products (insurance, fund, stocks, gold, dollar etc.).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.211-222
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• 2016

This study was to investigate 1) the effect of the variables (age, education level, average monthly income, occupation) relating to the multi-cultural family father(MF) on children's vocabulary(CV), 2) the relationship between the father's participation in their children's fostering(FPCF) and CV. FPCF in 24 MFs and CV were evaluated using the questionnaire, interview. The results are as follows: 1) There were significant correlations among father's education level, average income, occupation, and CV. FPCF scores. 2) There were no significant correlation between father's age and CV. 3) There were significant correlations between FPCF scores and CV. And some interview examples were illustrated in this paper.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.163-169
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of awareness and need for dental health insurance of parents with children under 12 years of age, and provide it as basic data for the development of the dental health insurance system in the future. It was conducted with 158 parents who are raising children under the age of 12 in Busan and Gyeongnam areas. In the case of mothers(p=.001), the higher the age (p=.005), the higher the experience of sealant. In the case of mothers, the knowledge of sealant (p=.012) was high. When the gender was female (p=.026), the parenting relationship was mother (p=.006), and regularly engaged in vocational activities (p=.003), the awareness of resin filling was high, and the experience was the child's age (p=. 004) was higher, the higher the knowledge was when the parenting relationship was mother (p=.024). The factors influencing the satisfaction of sealant were found to be the parents education level (p=.004), the awareness of the sealant (p=.003), and the experience (p=.011). From the above research results, more active publicity is needed to increase the awareness and experience of parents' health insurance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.303-316
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• 2021

This study is aimed at verifying the effects of an ETC(Expressive Therapies Continuum)-based group art therapy program on reducing parental anxiety in first-grade elementary school students' mothers. An ETC program was composed based on the therapeutic factors of the ETC components. Seven mothers of first-grade students located in city A of Gyeonggi-do were selected as the subjects of the study. These mothers underwent 11 sessions of ETC-based group art therapy from April 18 to May 24, 2019, 1 to 2 times a week for 70 to 90 minutes. In order to verify the effectiveness of this research program, scores from pre- and post-parental anxiety scales were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 program. Results demonstrated that first, mothers' parental anxiety was significantly reduced after the ETC program participation. Second, changes in ETC component use throughout the program positively influenced reductions in parental anxiety. In conclusion, each participant experienced the opportunity to self-explore and self-understand at all levels of ETC with their preferred art medium, thereby lowering parenting anxiety. It is meaningful that through the ETC-based art therapy program, the client can be self-aware of his or her problem, and the client can decide the direction that is beneficial to them through voluntary media selection. In addition, it is meaningful that the ETC group art therapy is able to perform activities tailored to each individual.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.1_spc
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• pp.349-365
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• 2008

The Reality Dynamic Counseling which reflects Korean culture and Korean sensibilities has been introduced as a model of Korean counseling approach. This is a qualitative study to examine how the characteristics of Reality Dynamic Counseling appear upon the real counseling process for the clients who were physically attacked by their own son and were brought to this counseling export from juvenile counseling service center. The major properties of Reality Dynamic Counseling are grasping the problem with connecting whole context, dealing with an external world as well as an internal world, emphasizing a role in relation with others, serving as a fosterer or an educator for counselor, confronting a client to awake from a disillusion, restoring to the good relationship between a parent and a child, and pulling a client to the relation with people. These properties are well brought out in the real counseling process. The Manual written by a counselor which gives us detailed commentary on counseling process was selected and analyzed in this study because the protocol between a counselor and a client was too large quantity and it could not show on how to change like facial expression and voice.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.57
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• pp.39-67
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to gain a deep understanding of immigrant single mothers' parenting experiences. Seven immigrant single mothers were recruited as research participants. Data were collected by in-depth interviews which were conducted once or twice for each participant and analyzed by using a Giorgi's phenomenological method to delineate about participants' individual and unique experiences. Participants' statements were divided into 201 meaning units, which were analyzed into 29 sub-elements, 13 elements, and then structuralized with 5 intrinsic themes of 'marriage with unexpected hardships', 'troubled relationship with children due to emotional trauma', 'double whammy of being an immigrant woman and a single mother', 'struggles in becoming a head of household' and 'power of mothers' love for children'. Based on the above results, this study suggested some implications for social welfare policies and social work practices.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop a postpartum nursing intervention program for immigrant women and evaluate the effects on postpartum depression, child rearing confidence, home environment, and infant temperament. Methods: This research was a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. Participants were pregnant immigrant women from China, Vietnam, and the Philippines residing in Kyunggi province and Seoul. Twenty women were assigned to the intervention group, and 19 women to the control group. For the intervention group, the women were visited at home and provided emotional support and parenting education for three months. To analyze the intervention effects, repeated measure ANOVA and t-test were used. Results: Child rearing confidence was higher in the experimental group than the control group at interaction effect of time and group, six weeks and three months postpartum. However, there were no significant effects for maternal depression, infant temperament, and husband support. Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) score in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at three month postpartum. Conclusion: Results indicate that the nursing intervention program had positive effects and can be used to further the health status of immigrant mothers and children.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore foreign immigrant mothers' experiences of pregnancy, childbirth, and child rearing. Methods: Ten married female migrants were selected by a purposive and snowball sampling method. Data were collected during the period from September to November, 2009 by individual in-depth interviews and all interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Results: Ten categories were induced: In pregnancy and childbirth domain, social support-request help to their own parents, social support-depending on husband and mother's in law, Enduring emesis-gravidarum in strange environment were extracted. In Chid-rearing domain, child-rearing overburden, lack of self-confidence on maternal role, child-rearing difficulties due to language barrier, lack of information and education on child-rearing, lack of accessibility to public health care services, expectation of child's assimilation in Korea, financial strain in child-rearing. Conclusion: This study provides basic knowledge regarding married female migrants' experiences related to pregnancy, childbirth, and child rearing. The findings of the study will help health professionals designing effective interventions for married female migrants with difficulties related to child care, parenting, rearing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.392-403
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the awareness of the animal registration system, as well as to determine if there is a difference according to the types of pet attachment of consumers raising companion dogs. For this purpose, 250 data were collected by conducting an online survey and analyzed the data using SPSS 24.0. As a result of the study, pet attachment was identified as a companion attachment and emotional attachment. According to the form of attachment to dogs, the consumer types were categorized into three groups: type of simple cohabitation(25.6%), type of close companion(30.4%), and type of strong bond(44.0%). It was found that there are statistically significant differences in the relationship between the recognition and registration of the animal registration system for each consumer type. In addition, there were statistically significant differences in the perception and preference of the animal registration system depending on the type of consumer. This study has significance in that it suggests the effective direction of developing the consumer-oriented animal registration system.