• Journal of Life Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1994

암세포의 전이과정에는 일련의 복잡한 상호작용들이 암세포와 숙주 사이에 지속적으로 일어나게 된다. 즉, 전이가 성공적으로 일어나기 위해서 암세포들은 1차 종양으로부터 이동을 시작하여 인접조직으로의 침윤을 일으키고 혈과, 임파관과 같은 순환계로 들어간다. 그 다음 적당한 부위에서 다시 혈관을 뚫고 간질(interstitum)과 실질(parenchyma)속으로 관외 유출을 한 후 증식을 하면서 혈관신생을 유발시켜 전이 암을 만드는 복잡한 단계를 거치게 된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.6
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• pp.1403-1407
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• 2023

Lymph node metastasis from bladder cancer mainly involves the external/internal iliac and obturator nodes as the primary lymphatic drainage sites of the bladder, and common iliac sites as the secondary drainage. Lymph node involvement above the diaphragm is rare. Metastasis to the head and neck region is associated with poor prognosis and low survival rate. Herein, we report a case of cervical cutaneous and lymph node metastases in a patient with bladder cancer. This is a rare case of advanced urothelial carcinoma presenting as an aggressive inflammatory process with extensive lymph node involvement, without bony or visceral metastasis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.665-671
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• 2004

Background: Lymph node metastasis is commonly reported in thoracic esophageal cancer, even in the early esophageal cancer which may be localized only in the mucosa or within the submucosal layer. Although lymph node metastasis greatly influence long-term outcome and cure of the disease, endoscopic mucosal resection or photodynamic therapy without lymph node dissection is widely attempted. The investigation of the pattern of lymph node metastasis and results of surgical resection of superficial esophageal cancer is needed. Material and Method: Pattern of lymph node metastsis and depth of tumor invasion were studied retrospectively from 44 patients with early esophageal cancer who underwent radical resection of the tumor from December, 1995 to August, 2001. Result: Lymph node metastasis was found in 10 patients (22.7%) out of total of 44 patients. Lymph node metastasis was found in 0% (0 of 3), 0% (0 of 4), 50% (2 of 4), and 24.24% (8 of 33) of tumors that invaded the intraepitherium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, and submucosa respectively. Anatomically distant lymph node metastases were found more frequently in recurrent laryngeal nerve node(5 cases of 10 patients) and in intraperitoneal node (8 cases of 10). than intrathoracic node (3 cases of 10). There was no operative mortality, however, there were 1 hospital death in patient with lamina propria cancer, 1 late death in patient with submucosal cancer. Three-year survival rates (except hospital death) were 100% in mucosal cancer and 97.0% in submucosal cancer (p>0.05), and 100% in the node negative group and 90.0% in the node positive group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The survival rate of superficial esophageal cancer patient who was recieved operative resection was excellent. But, lymph node metastasis were found in superficial esophageal cancer, even in esophageal cancer limited to the muscularis mucosa. Systemic lymph node dissection which includes recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes and intraperitoneal nodes was recommended for favorable outcome in superficial esophageal cancer.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find and categorize the various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of spinal metastases that correlate with the type of primary cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance images of 30 patients with 169 spinal metastatic lesions from lung cancer (n = 56), breast cancer (n = 29), colorectal cancer (n = 20), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 17), and stomach cancer (n = 47). The size, location, extent of invasion, signal intensity, margin, enhancement pattern, and osteoblastic or osteolytic characteristics of each metastatic tumor were analyzed. Results: The metastatic lesions from HCC were larger than those from the other primary tumors (P < 0.05) except for colorectal cancer (P = 0.268). Well-defined metastatic tumor margins were more frequently seen in lung cancer and breast cancer (P < 0.01). All but HCC showed a tendency to invade the vertebral body rather than the posterior elements (P < 0.02). Colorectal cancer and HCC showed a tendency toward extraosseous invasion without statistical significance. HCC showed a characteristic enhancement pattern of 'worms-in-a-bag'. Rim enhancement with a sclerotic center was only seen in spinal metastases from stomach cancer. Conclusion: Despite many overlapping imaging features, spinal metastases of various primary tumors display some characteristic MRI findings that can help identify the primary cancer.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2010

Fibrous dysplasia is a common benign disorder of bone in which normal bone marrow is replaced with fibro-osseous tissue. As PET/CT is increasingly used for the staging of different malignant disease, incidentally found fibrous dysplasia with increased FDG uptake may mimic metastasis. We report on a 46-year-old woman with fibrous dysplasia who underwent PET/CT because of suspected recurrence of breast cancer and was misdiagnosed as a bony metastasis with a focal FDG uptake on left proximal femur. This lesion was interpreted as fibrous dysplasia based on MRI in addition to the plain radiographs. We conclude that MRI in addition to radiography may help to differentiate fibrous dysplasia mimicking metastasis on PET/CT in the patients with malignancy.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 1999

경상북도 안동 사문암지역 및 부근의 화강암지역에 분포하는 암석, 토양 및 식물체에 함유되어 있는 원소의 농도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 조사지역에분포하는 사문암에 함유되어 있는 주요 전이원소 함량(Ni 1.164ppm. Cr 366ppm. Co 109ppm. Fe 7.48%) 및 다른 대부분의 전이원소(Sc, Mn, Cu)도 화강암보다 높았으며 우리나라 efms 지역의 사문암에 함유되어 있는 농도와 비교하여 볼 때 매우 유사한 경향을 보이고 있다. 사문아토양의 경우 암석풍화토양 및 산림토양 모두 화강암토양에 비해 Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Sc, Mn, Cu, Mg, Zn 농도가 높았으며 Pb는 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 토양내 원소 함량은 이들의 모암에 함유되어 있는 원소 함량의 변화와 일치하고 있으며 같은 모암인 경우 산림식생의 영향에 따라 면 원소들의 차이가 다소 나타났다. 식물체 내 원소의 농도는 토양의 농도에 비해 모두 낮았다. 참억새, 쑥, 소나무에 함유되어 있는 원소별 평균 농도는 모두 동일종간 대부분의 전이원소(Ni, Co, Cr, Fe) 및 As 농도가 화강암토양에 비해 사문암토양에서 더높았다 사문암토양에서 생육하는 식물체 3종 모두 대부분의 원소(Ni, Co, Cr. As, Sc, Fe) 함랴이 지하부에서 더 높았으며 Zn과 Mo는 지상부와 지하부의 농도 차이가 크게 나타나지 않았다 화강암토양에서 생육하는 식물체의 경우 원소별 지상부 및 지하부의 농도차이는 사문암토양에 비해 크지 않았다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2014

Pleural metastasis from breast cancer is a common manifestation. While pleural effusion is the most frequent finding, it is relatively rare for pleural nodularity and plaque that do not accompany pleural effusion. We report a patient with a rapidly growing huge pleural mass without pleural effusion caused by breast cancer. The patient was treated for severe dyspnea caused by the pleural mass. Along with the case report, we performed a systematic review of management of dyspnea in terminal cancer patients.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.10
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• pp.887-895
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• 2013

Metastatic bone cancer, the cancer which occurred in the various organs and progressively spread to bone, is one of the complications in cancer patients. This cancer is divided into the osteoblast and osteolytic metastasis. Although Computer Tomography(CT) could be an useful tool in diagnosis of bone metastasis, lesions are often missed by the visual inspection and it makes clinicians difficult to detect metastasis earlier. Therefore, in this study, we construct a three-dimensional(3D) volume rendering data from tomography images of the chest CT, and apply a 3D based image processing algorithm to them for detection bone metastasis lesions. Then we perform a three-dimensional visualization of the detected lesions.From our test using 10 clinical cases, we confirmed 94.1% of average sensitivity for osteoblast, and 90.0% of average sensitivity, respectively. Consequently, our findings showed a promising possibility and potential usefulness in diagnosis of metastastic bone cancer.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.39-42
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• 2010

이 글에서는 미세유체시스템을 이용하여 암의 전이과정을 분석하고 관련된 치료제 및 기술을 개발하는 다양한 연구 성과에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

Purpose: This study is to find relationship between cancer patient's spiritual health and the level of their anxiety and pain. Methods: From April 27 through May 11, 2012, a survey was conducted with 167 cancer patients hospitalized at a university hospital in Busan. Spiritual health was measured by the Spiritual Health Inventory developed by Highfield (1992). The instrument for anxiety measurement was the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger (1975) and that for pain was the Visual Analogue Scale (2009). The association between patients' characteristics and spiritual health, anxiety or pain degree were analyzed using the ANOVA test. The interrelationship between spiritual health, anxiety and pain was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: The patients exhibited a moderate degree of spiritual health and anxiety and a mild level of pain. Patients' spiritual health significantly differed by their religion, education, monthly income of the family, illness conditions, physical conditions, metastasis, daily living and support. Their anxiety level was significantly different according to age, religion, education, illness conditions, physical conditions, metastasis, daily living, family/friends' support and use of analgesics. Significant differences were also found in the level of pain according to illness conditions, physical conditions, metastasis, daily living, family/friends' support and use of analgesics. We found a moderately negative correlation between spiritual health and anxiety. Anxiety and pain showed a positive correlation, and spiritual health and pain exhibited a negative correlation. Conclusion: To help cancer patients to manage their spiritual health, anxiety and pain, a program should be developed considering the primary factors discussed in this study.