• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to explore the hope structures of the newly diagnosed cancer patients by examining the relationships between hope and the three concepts of 'Personal Spirit', 'Risk' and 'Authentic Caring' which composed the multidimensions of the Nekolaichuk and Bruera's hope model. Methods: Data was collected via survey from 32 newly diagnosed cancer patients. The perceived meaning of life (PML) for 'personal spirit', perceived confidence in cure (PCC) for 'risk', and perceived family support (PFS) and perceived support from medical team (PSM) for 'authentic caring' were adapted from the definitions of the concepts in the model. Hope, PML, and PCC were measured with VAS. PFS and PSM were measured with Korean version of 'Cobb's family support scale', which was modified by Kang. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to identify the relationships among the concepts. Results: The significant relationships were revealed between hope and PCC (p<.001), hope and PML (p<.001), PML and PCC (p<.001), PFS and PML (p=.030), and PSM and PML (p=.047). Conclusion: The newly diagnosed cancer patients experience hope in different ways. The cancer patients' hope immediate after diagnosis, however, is most likely to be experienced as seeking balance between uncertainty about cancer treatment and the meaning of life.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the influencing factors on hope in the patients suffering with breast cancers. Methods: The subjects were 150 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer at three university hospitals and a general hospital. Data collection was conducted by hope scale, family support scale, self esteem scale, depression scale, pain scale, and fatigue scale. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Level of hope in the participants was high. There were a significant correlation among hope, family support, effects of religion, self esteem, depression, pain and fatigue. There were significant differences in hope by the age, education level, and cost burden. The most powerful predictor of hope was self esteem (38.2%). Altogether family support, effects of religion, depression, and fatigue explained 50.4% of hope of the participants. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggested that the concepts of self esteem, family support, effects of religion, depression and fatigue should be considered important factors in developing hope promoting program for breast cancer patients.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was intended to identify the patterns of fatigue and its related factors in patients with stomach cancer during chemotherapy. Methods: Thirty participants (24 males and 6 females) were recruited for this study which utilized a longitudinal and descriptive approach. The research instruments included the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, Symptom Distress Scale, and Linear Analogue Self Assessment Scale. The participants received 5-FU and Adriamycin at the first week and 5-FU only at the second and third week. The instruments were measured six times in total. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Results: It was found that fatigue scores in patients with stomach cancer, receiving 5-FU and Adriamycin (FA) regimen, reached the highest level on the third day (F=9.37, p=.024) after the initial infusion, and decreased gradually afterward. The symptom and psychological distress scores illustrated very similar pattern. The concept of multidimensionality of fatigue in patients with stomach cancer was supported in this study, showing that all four dimensions of the scale were positively correlated. Conclusion: The results of this study provided useful information of patients with stomach cancer on fatigue and other related symptoms which they experienced during weekly scheduled chemotherapy with FA regimen.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.340-350
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to analyze the characteristics and effect size of published intervention studies related to nausea & vomiting among cancer patients. Methods: A total of 1,083 studies were retrieved. From these studies, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 698 participants. Two authors independently extracted data from the selected studies and assessed the methodological quality. The data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.0 program of Cochrane library. Results: The twenty studies utilized various non-pharmacological interventions: Nine studies on acupuncture (45%), Five studies utilized massage (25%), Two studies used oral cryotherapy (10%) and Four studies used other therapies. In the twenty studies the effect size of the intervention studies reported a higher effect sizes for massage (d=-1.62) and acupuncture (d=-0.89). Conclusion: This study suggests that non-drug therapy can reduce the levels of nausea and vomiting intensity. Massage and acupuncture interventions studies were more numerous and this may account for the higher effect rate.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.571-580
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore roles of cancer care coordinator's by developing job description, job specification and job process map using dynamic job analysis. Method: The development process consisted of three stages of vertical job analysis and three stages of horizontal job analysis by modifying Song(1997)'s dynamic job analysis. Focus group interview was used to validate the content of the job analysis. Results: Cancer care coordinator's job description was categorized into six major categories, fourteen intermediate categories and one hundred forty specific jobs. Major categories are professional nursing practice, consultation and counsel, coordination and collaboration, education, research and leadership. Cancer care coordinator's job specification included master's degree with over five years of clinical experience preferably relevant clinical area, professional knowledge on pathophysiology of cancer, case management and cost control, competency for communication and counselling skills and clinical decision making. Cancer care coordinator's job process map was framed with time(horizontal) and activities(vertical). Conclusion: The Outcomes of this study will guide to develop possible areas of oncology advanced practice nurses in hospital setting and facilitate the use of oncology nurse practitioners by developing care coordinator roles in cancer care.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to examine the incidence of lymphedema and to compare to physiological and psychosocial symptoms between breast cancer patients with lymphedema and without lymphedema. Method: Four hundreds fifty women with breast cancer receiving mastectomy were recruited from two out-patient breast clinics of A and S university hospitals in Seoul, Korea from October, 2004 to May, 2005. Lymphedema was defined by circumferential measurement. Differences greater than 2cm between the affected arm and normal arm were considered to be lymphedema. A descriptive design was used for this study and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test. Results: Lymphedema developed in 112(24.9%) of the 450 subjects. Subjects with lymphedema reported more severe sensation change of arm and more depression and confusion than subjects without lymphedema. Range of motion of shoulder as a physical indicator and social support, however, were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Lymphedema is recognized as an unpleasant and uncomfortable consequence of breast cancer-related treatment. Therefore, more research is needed to evaluate the impact of lymphedema on quality of life in patients with lymphedema and the efficacy of nursing intervention.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.639-649
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of dynamic imagery therapy on "anger-in" and immune function in patients with breast cancer. Method: Dynamic imagery therapy was given for 10 sessions with 2 times informative education. Data collection was from June, 24th to August, 12th 2002. The participants were experimental group 15, control group 15. This study was designed using a quasi-experimental approach with non-equivalent Pre test-Post test Design. The instruments used in this study include the anger scale developed by Spielberger(1972) and modified by Chon, Kyum Koo (1996), The data was analysed with $\chi^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. Result: 1) That the level of "Anger-in" in patients will be significantly lower than that of the control group was supported (p<.001). 2) That the level of T3 lymphocyte and NK Cells, IgG. Cortisol in patients will be significantly lower than that of the control group was supported (T3, IgG: p<.05, Cortisol p<.001). Conclusion: The dynamic imagery therapy is suggested as an effective nursing intervention to reduce anger level and increase immune function for patients with breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is a descriptive research study to measure the quality of life of those who suffer from breast cancer and take the chemotherapy. Method: The Subjects were 70 breast cancer patients who took the chemotherapy from September 2 to October 31, 2003. Quality of life was measured by Ferrell's measurements. Result: Quality of life indicators were spiritual domain=6.44, physical domain=5.45, social domain=4.15, and mental domain=3. 95. Whole quality of life was 4. 68 out of 10 points. The quality of life of those with a practicing religion was significantly higher than those without(F=3.88, P=0.026). Subjects who were less than 2 months post-operation had higher points in the physical domain than those who were more than 2 months post-operation (t= 2.76, p=0.007). Subjects who had less than 4 treatments of chemotherapy had higher points in the physical domain than those who had more than 4 treatments of chemotherapy (t=2.03, p=0.046). Conclusion: The results of this study serve as a meaningful source to promote quality of life of breast cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy. The results can also be applied to the development of education programs and counseling materials for chemotherapy patients. Health care strategy can also raise the quality of life of brest cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.298-311
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare reported physical symptoms, hope and family support of cancer patients between general hospitals and long-term care hospitals. Methods: Subjects were 175 patients diagnosed with cancers from two general hospitals and six long-term care hospitals located in G city. Subjects completed a questionnaire with questions about general characteristics and questions about the disease, physical symptoms, hope and family support. Data was collected from February to April and the data were analyzed using an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The subjects in long-term care hospitals showed higher percentage in pain, nausea, fatigue, sleep disorder, and change in appearance. There was a significant difference in family support between two groups. A significant positive correlation was found between hope and family support in subjects in general and long-term care hospitals. Conclusion: Significant differences were found in some physical symptoms and family support between cancer patients in general hospitals and long-term care hospitals. Thus, nurses in long-term care hospitals need provide care suitable for the characteristics of cancer patients in long-term care hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.211-223
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was designed to develop and test the Hope Scale for Korean cancer patients. Methods: The process for the development of the Hope Test was a selection of initial items drawn from a literature review and in-depth interviews. The selected items were assessed for content validity by experts. The Hope Scale was comprised of five factors and 30 preliminary items. The preliminary Hope Scale for Korean Cancer Patients (HS_KCP) was administered to 259 cancer patients from one university hospital and one cancer hospital in Busan. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: Eighteen items were selected for the final scale. Five factors (inner sense of control, trust and expectation for recovery of disease, interconnection, spirituality, emotional despair) evolved from the factor analysis, which explained 63.3% of the total variance. The convergent & discriminent validity was r=.83 (p<.001), r=-73 (p<.001). The internal consistency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .88 and reliability of the subscales ranged from .54 to .85. Conclusion: The Hope Scale for Korean cancer patients demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. It can be used to assess the hope of cancer patients and is feasible within a clinical setting.