• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2001

Phenomenon of direct contact condensation (DCC) heat transfer between steam and water is characterized by the transport of heat and mass through a moving steam/water interface. Since the DCC heat transfer provides some advantageous features in the viewpoint of enhanced heat transfer, it is widely applied to the diversified industries. This study proposes a simple condensation model on the stable steam jets discharging into a quenching tank with subcooled water from a single horizontal pipe for the prediction of the steam jet shapes. The model was derived from the mass, momentum and energy equations as well as thermal balance equation with condensing characteristics at the steam/water interface for the axi-symmetric coordinates. The extremely large heat transfer rate at the steam/water interface was reflected in the effective thermal conductivity estimated from the previous experimental results. The results were compared with the experimental ones. The predicted steam jet shape(i. e. radius and length) by the model was increasing as the steam mass flux and the pool temperature were increasing, which was similar to the trend observed in the experiment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.3 s.92
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• pp.185-194
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• 2002

When treating borderline cases which have mild crowding, non-extraction treatment may be considered firstly. But crowding may be reappeared by relapse and it may have problems in esthetics and stability. Secondarily four first premolar extraction treatment may be considered. But this may cause dish-in face by overretracting anterior teeth. In this cases, extraction of four second premolar is preferred because this resolves crowding without aggravating profile and has good stability after treatment. So we review cases treated by four second premolar extraction which show good treatment results and stability. The patients had good profile, Class I molar relationship, mild crowding and skeletal discrepancy and their growth had almost completed.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.37-51
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• 2018

The slope failure due to the rainfall infiltration occurs frequently in Korea, since the depth of the weathered residual soil layer is shallow in mountainous region. Depth of the failure surface is shallow and tends to pass near the interface between impermeable bedrock and soil layer. Soil parameters that have a significant impact on the instability of unsaturated slopes due to rainfall infiltration inevitably include large uncertainties. Therefore, this study proposes a probabilistic analysis procedure by Monte Carlo Simulation which considers the hydraulic characteristics and strength characteristics of soil as random variables in order to predict slope failure due to rainfall infiltration. The Green-Ampt infiltration model was modified to reflect the boundary conditions on the slope surface according to the rainfall intensity and the boundary condition of the shallow impermeable bedrock was introduced to predict the stability of unsaturated soil slope with shallow bedrock under constant rainfall intensity. The results of infiltration analysis were used as inputs of infinite slope analysis to calculate the safety factor. The proposed analysis method can be used to calculate the time-dependent failure probability of soil slope due to rainfall infiltration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.133-135
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• 2006

단층촬영영상(Tomographic cross-section images)으로부터 임의의 등밀도 표면(iso-density surface)을 재구성하기 위한 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 이 방법에서는 마칭큐브 알고리즘에 비해 정밀도는 떨어지지만 안정적인 표면을 생성하는 셀경계 알고리즘(Cell-Boundary Method)을 이용하여 초기메쉬를 구하고 이를 표면축소포장(Shrink-wrapping)처리를 통해 정밀한 등밀도 표면을 생성하게 된다. 이는 마칭큐브와 같이 단층영상에서 등밀도 표면을 직접 추출하는 것이 아니라 등밀도점(iso-density Point)을 먼저 추출하고 표면의 모호성이 없는 안정적인 초기메쉬를 이들 방향으로 축소하여 정확한 표면모델링을 가능하게 한다. 이를 통해 마칭큐브에서 발생하는 표면 결정의 모호성이 없이 보다 안정적인 표면을 정확하게 만들 수 있다.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 1986

지금까지 몇가지의 차등법들을 계산의 정확도 및 안정성에 관하여 검토하였다. 상류 차등법과 왜도 차등법은 좋은 안정성을 가지고 있으나 그 정확도가 미흡한게 결점이고 중앙 차등법은 비 교적 좋은 정확드를 가지고 있으나 불안정한게 큰 결점이다. QUICK 차등법의 경우에는 보다 정확한 수치해를 얻기위해 종속 변수를 보다 고차의 근사치로 표시하였는데 정확도가 증가함에 따라 몇가지의 불이익이 생기게 된다. 그 불이익으로는 제일 먼저 계산 비용의 증가를 들 수 있으며 수치 계산이 불안정하게 되고 경계 조건의 표시가 어려워 진다. 또한 난류 에너지 방 정식과 같이 종속 변수가 반드시 양수값을 갖는 방정식에서 그 차등방정식의 종속 변수도 양수 치를 가져야 한다는 제한 조건을 만족시키는데 일반적으로 어려움이 많다. 그 이유는 QUICK 차등법을 이용한 차등방정식은 흔히 음수치의 원천항을 갖기 때문에 차등방정식을 푼 후 그 종속 변수가 음수치를 갖기 때문이다. 아직도 고차의 정확도를 갖는 차등법이 연구 개발중이며 종속 변수가 반드시 양수치인 유동방정식을 푸는 좋은 차등법은 아직까지도 없는 실정이어서 2차 이 상의 정확도와 절대 안정성 (absolute stability)을 갖는 새로운 차등법의 개급이 시발하다 하겠다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 탄산화법으로 침강성 CaCO$_3$분말을 제조하고 제조된 CaCO$_3$현탁액의 분산안정성을 연구하였다. CaCO$_3$현탁액의 pH 변화와 고분자전해질 PMAA와 PAA의 첨가에 따른 입자크기, 유동학적 특성(점도), zeta potential 및 현탁액의 침강속도 등을 측정하였다. 탄산화법에 의해 약 0.1$\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기와 비표면적이 23.57$m^2$/g인 단분단 calcite형 CaCO$_3$분말을 제조하였다. pH가 11인 CaCO$_3$현탁액에 0.01 wt% PMAA가 첨가된 경우에 우수한 분산안정성을 나타내었는데 이는 CaCO$_3$입자표면에 PMAA의 흡착에 의한 electrosteric 안정화기구와 CaCO$_3$입자들 사이의 정전기적 반발력에 의한 것으로 판단된다. PMAA와 PAA 첨가량 변화에 따른 pH 6, 9, 11의 CaCO$_3$현탁액의 침전높이를 측정한 결과 PMAA와 PAA의 농도가 0.15 wt% 부근에서 분산안정성을 보였는데 이는 CaCO$_3$입자들 사이간의 분산제에 의한 뚜렷한 경계를 갖는 흡착층이 형성되었기 때문으로 생각되며 따라서 CaCO$_3$현탁액의 최적 분산안정성을 위해서는 적절한 pH 조절과 PMAA 및 PAA의 첨가가 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.188-196
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• 2004

To optimize and limit the axial length of baffle in KSR-III engine, stability rating tests using pulse gun as one of artificial disturbance devices have been done. Decay time and other parameters for the evaluation of stabilization ability of engine to external perturbation have been analyzed to quantify stabilization capacity of engine, in other words, dynamic stability margin. If baffle does not cover flame zone enough which can be considered as collision region of injector, it wasn't be able to suppress external perturbation sufficiently. The limit of combustion stability margin of engine is assumed to be 50 mm length baffle.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2004

In this study, a slope stability chart for assessing stability of homogeneous simple soil slopes is proposed. Most existing slope stability charts are based on limit equilibrium method, which is not rigorous in mechanical standpoint. Meanwhile, limit analysis based on the principle of virtual work and the bound theorems of plasticity is suitable for evaluating the stability of geotechnical structures such as slope due to its simplicity in computation and mechanical rigor. Numerical limit analysis taking advantage of finite elements and linear programming can consider various slope conditions and, in addition, find the optimum stability solution with effeciency. In this study, a numerical limit analysis program in terms of effective stress is developed and a mechanically rigorous slope stability chart is proposed by performing stability analyses for various slope conditions. Pore pressure ratio, commonly used in stability charts, is applied to consider the effects of pore pressure for effective stress analysis. As a result of comparison between proposed stability chart and Spencer's stability chart, it was found that Spencer's chart solutions are biased to lower bound which means conservative in design.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-66
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• 2016

In this study, the absorbing boundary condition was adopted to prevent elastic wave propagation due to abrupt load condition changes in moving force analysis. It was proven to be effective in reducing inappropriate noise components. Furthermore, to verify whether fixed point excitation in a laboratory test can simulate train movement effectively, the results of dynamic analysis for fixed point excitation and moving force conditions were analyzed. The dynamic stability of an asphalt track structure under a KTX train condition was also studied. Additionally, the dynamic safety of asphalt tracks was verified by comparing the results of a moving force analysis under a KTX train load and a quasi-static analysis under the design standard Korean train load.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2023

In this study, simplified linear numerical method that can simulate wave generation and transformation by a moving bottom is introduced. Numerical analysis is conducted in wave number domain after continuity equation, linear dynamic and kinematic free surface boundary conditions and linear kinematic bottom boundary condition are Fourier transformed, and the results are expressed in space domain by an inverse Fourier transform. In the wavenumber domain, the dynamic free water surface boundary condition and the kinematic free water surface boundary condition are numerically calculated, and the velocity potential in the mean water level (z = 0) satisfies the continuity equation and the kinematic bottom boundary condition. Wave generation and transformation are investigated when the triangular and rectangular shape of bottoms move periodically. The results of the simplified numerical method are compared with the results of previous analytical solutions and agree well with them. Stability of numerical results according to the calculation time interval (Δt) and the calculation wave number interval (Δk) was also investigated. It was found that the numerical results were appropriate when Δt ≤ T(period)/1000 and Δk ≤ π/100.