• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.60-69
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• 2012

The project on Geonjisan Universal Design Forest Trail in Jeonju City was designed and constructed by an NGO called 'Jeonbuk Forest for Life' which was a winner for the '2008 Open Competition by the 'Committee for Greening Society' established in Korea Land Corporation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the design satisfaction of UD forest trail. Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) method was applied to measure the user satisfaction and the total number of users. The main result of the study were as follows: the major users of the Geonjisan UD forest trail were people aged over 60 years old(37%) and the main purpose of trail usage were to 'walk and rest'(51.5%) and to 'exercise and rehabilitation' (40.6%). Furthermore, the overall user rating for the UD forest trail design was "satisfied"(3.91 point in 5-point Likert Scale). The three most influencing factors of the overall user satisfaction were facility management, user conflict, and trail width and slope. About forty-five people were found to be End-user in the UD forest trail while six people were found as End-user in non-UD trails. Most importantly, the number of End-user observed on the UD forest trail was greater than the number found in non-UD forest trail. The result implies that the UD forest trail attracts more End-users and provides opportunity for gathering and interaction with the other users. Moreover, the satisfaction rate for the UD forest trail landscape is found to be high in Likert scale, which we can assume that the well-grown existing trees and topographic features as well as appropriately designed wood-paths influence the high satisfaction rate of the users. The POE of UD forest trail revealed the importance of universal design concept due to its convenient uses of the handicapped, old, weak, pregnant woman or children.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-34
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• 2003

배경: 독일 의사와 보험회사 위원회 (The German Board of Physicians and Insurance Companies:Bundesausschuss der Arzte und Krankenkassen)가 앞으로 일부 적응증에 대한 침치료에 대해 공적 보험회사가 보험료를 지급해야 할 지에 대한 추가 결정을 하기 위해 침의 효과를 평가하기로 했다. 목적: 1) 침치료가 편두통의 예방, 긴장성 두통, 요통, 무릎과 고관절의 골관절염치료에 대조군 침치료보다 효과가 있는지 검증 2) 침치료가 편두통의 예방적 치료에 표준 약물 치료와 비슷하게 효과가 있는지 검증 3) 보건의료 서비스체계 안에서 주어진 조건에 대한 일상적 침치료의 질적인 부분을 서술하고, 안전성을 평가하며, 다른 침술학파간의 임상결과의 차이와 비용의 효용적 활용부분을 평가한다. 4) 위의 적응증에 해당하는 모든 임상실험연구를 찾아내어 기존의 고찰내용을 갱신한다. 방법: 1) 무작위 표본추출 임상 실험, 침치료, 거짓침 치료, 대기자 명단 대조군, 출발시점 4주, 28주 관찰 2) 무작위 표본추출 임상 실험, 침치료, 표준약물치료 대조군, 츨발시점 4주, 28주 관찰 3) 전향적 다중 의료기관 관찰 연구, 두 가지 다른 자료를 활용하여서, 치료 결과를 침 시술자에 의한 모든 환자 평가 자료와, 열 두 명의 환자 가운데 한 명의 환자로부터 직접 받은 평가 자료 (관찰 출발시점, 치료 출발 시점, 치료 시작 후 6 개월) 실험공간: 1) and 2) 높은 수준의 수련을 한 침 시술 의사가 시술하는 병원이나 일차 진료기관의 외래. 3) 보건 의료 서비스내 저급의 침 시술 의사 (140 시간 수강, 학점 이수 필수) 참가자: 1) $4{\times}320$ 편두통의 예방, 긴장성 두통, 요통, 무릎과 고관절의 골관절염 환자 2) 480 편두통 환자(긴장성 두통 환자 추가적) 3) 약 500,000 환자, 2년 반 동안: 대략 한 적응증 당 10,000 환자 치료법: 모든 침치료 자리는 체침만 허용함. 1) 진짜 침은 학파의 지침에 따른 심자, 거짓 침은 비특이적 자리의 표피만 찌르는 자침 (12-15회, 8주): 대기자 대조군은 12주 동안에 아무 치료도 받지 않는다. 2) Group 1(N=240): 최대 15회 치료, 12주 동안: Group II (N=240) 투약 Proponolol (80-240mg), Metoprolol (100-200mg) or Flunarizin (5-10mg) 하루, 16주 이상 3) 치료회수와 침자리의 선정은 참가자가 결정 주된 임상 결과 지표: 1) 군 간의 치료 전 및 치료 진행 도중 4주 마다의 두통을 느낀 날 수의 차이 (평균 혹은 이상의 편두통이나 긴장성 두통) 2) 요통환자 군간의 기능을 측정하는 FFbH-R (Funktionsfragebogen Hannover) 비교 3) 관절염 환자의 군간 WOMAC 지표 비교 4) 군 간의 24주 동안 두통을 느낀 날 수의 차이(평균 혹은 이상의 편두통이나 긴장성 두통) 5) 적응증, 부작용, 성공율에 대한 거시적 평가, 사용한 침수, 환자의 만족도, SES(?). ADS(?) 통증 장애 지표(PDI), 삶의 질 지표(SF36). 예비 결과 위의 결과가 큰 관찰 연구에 초점을 맞추면서 소개될 것임.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.420-430
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• 2014

Firefighters performing disaster response activities such as Fire Suppression Rescue First Aid in fire are being exposed in various adverse factors, heat, smoke, toxic gases, emotional stress, biological toxic factors and physical overload by unnatural ergonomic posture required for firefighters. But so far, there is the study for this problem only separately. There is no study about comprehesive analysis of exposed adverse factors in fire-related disaster response activities and countermeasures. The purpose of this study is to contiribute to solving the health problems and prevention of accidents of firefighters by extracting hazardous agents in disaster such as fire and by proposing countermeasures. After analyzing circumstances such as fire-suppression, rescue first aid and life-environment, exposure factors of fire are derived and exposure status is suggested according to physical chemical biological psychological aspects. The countermeasure against the noise of the physical exposure factors are proposed. The countermeasures such as protective equipment and clean room in chemical factors, infection prevention education, vaccination and periodic check system in biological factors, PTSD alleviation booth and mentoring in psychological factors are proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.628-637
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions of the mobility convenience facilities for pedestrians and their perception of the facilities, and thereby provide fundamental material necessary to establish a strategy of improving mobility convenience facilities. This study tried to analyze the characteristics of the mobility convenience facilities for pedestrians. Based on previous studies and "Report of Mobility Facilities of the Mobility Handicapped", this study first chose the evaluation items related to mobility convenience facilities, and then conducted a questionnaire survey and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). According to the study results, first, the item that needs intensive improvement was sidewalks, and the detailed indicators for sidewalks were walking safety, convenient facilities for the disabled, and pavement in order. Secondly, the items that need to be maintained were bus and crossroad. Thirdly, the low-ranking items were under-passageway and pedestrian overpass. And lastly, the items that need to be controlled were facilities for passenger terminals and bus terminals. Based on the comprehensive IPA result, this researcher judged the actual use conditions of the mobility convenience facilities in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnamdo. Therefore, it was found that it would be urgent to improve the direct walking environment on sidewalks. In this aspect, for future policy decision and facility maintenance, it is desirable to put the item in priority in terms of investment and come up with an improvement strategy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1019-1024
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• 2013

The aims of this study were to determine antioxidation effect and neuroblastoma cell protection effect of donkey's bone and skin extracts (DBSE). DBSE was extracted by a pressure-cooker for 48 h and lyophilized. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was significantly increased with increased doses of DBSE and 40 mg/ml of DBSE showed 95.43% of the DPPH scavenging effect, which was equivalent to 1 mg/ml of vitamin C. The 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was also increased in a dose-dependent manner, and 20 mg/ml of DBSE showed 88.73% of the ABTS scavenging effect. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (${\mu}M$ Trolox equivalent) of DBSE was significantly increased at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, which showed $132.53{\mu}M$ TE. The viability of oxidatively stressed brain cells induced by $500{\mu}M\;H_2O_2$ was protected by DBSE at concentrations greater than $50{\mu}M$. Cell viability after DBSE treatment at 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ was 53.78 and $54.34{\mu}M$ TE, respectively. There was no significant difference between both doses; however, 200 and $500{\mu}g/ml$ of DBSE showed 59.74 and 66.08% of cell viability, respectively indicating that DBSE protected SK-N-SH from oxidation stress. These results suggest that DBSE may have potential to be used as natural antioxidants in food industry, while in vivo evidence is necessary to support DBSE's in vitro-based antioxidative efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2014

Recently, infant formula products made of caprine milk have gained popularity, mainly because the nutritional composition of caprine milk is similar to that of human milk. In addition, caprine milk is considered to be better than bovine milk in terms of nutrient composition and easier digestion. Compared to bovine milk, caprine milk contains more ${\beta}$-casein, but less ${\alpha}$S1-casein. While the lactose concentration of both bovine and caprine milk is almost the same, a content of total oligosaccharides in caprine milk was approximately five to eight times higher than that in bovine milk. However, as the dairy goat industry in Korea is in a nascent stage of milk production and further processing, many nutritional advantages of caprine milk over bovine milk are not fully conveyed to general consumers. It is recommended that scientific research regarding the nutritional benefits of caprine milk needs to be conducted urgently, owing to the increasing domestic sales of infant formula products made of caprine milk.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.266-271
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• 2007

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely used as a monomer for production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The annual production of BPA exceeds 640,000 metric tons in worldwide. BPA, a suspected phenolic endocrine disrupter, is moderately soluble and frequently detected in industrial wastewater. To date, HPLC and GC has been used for BPA analysis. However, HPLC and GC-analysis need high operation lost, experts, and an elaborate pre-treatment of samples, and is difficult to apply on-time and mass analysis. Therefore, simple, mass and rapid detection of BPA in environments is necessary. In the present study, spectrophotometric method of BPA quantification was developed. Based on blue-color product formation with BPA and ferric chloride/ferricyanide under the optimized conditions, the standard curve was acquired $({\lambda}_{750}=0.061\;BPA\;[{\mu}M]+0.07155,\;R^2=0.992)$. Using an established method, the BPA contents in the soil extract, and different water samples and living products, including disposable syringe, cup and plastic tube, were analyzed. The results suggested that the method is useful for BPA determination from different massive samples. Since the BPA metabolites, nontoxic 4-hydroxyacetophenone or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, did not form blue-color product, this method is also useful to screen a microorganism for BPA bioremediation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2007

The effect of irradiation on the quality characteristics of pale-soft-exudative (PSE) pork was studied. The pork loin with severe PSE appearance was selected by meat grader,irradiated at 0 and 4.5 kGy, and meat quality characteristics including pH, color, lipid oxidation development, microbial and sensory quality were analyzed during 2 weeks of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The pH values of non-irradiated and 4.5 kGy-irradiated PSE raw pork loin was not different. Hunter color $a^*$-value, which represents redness of meat surface showed significant increase (P<0.05) in irradiated PSE pork loin. This higher Hunter color $a^*$-value maintained during 2 weeks of storage. By 4.5 kGy of irradiation, approximately 2 log reduction of total aerobic bacterial counts was achieved during 2 weeks of storage when compared with non-irradiated control. Sensory panelists prefer the color of irradiated PSE meat than that of non-irradiated control because of redness. From the results, it is possible to use an irradiation technology to improve not only microbiological safety but also the color of meat which has severe defect such as PSE.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

We developed a RFID terminal to voice guide the blind who have difficulties in reaching out to the pharmaceutical information. In this work, we used RFID technology to instruct the pharmaceutical information to the blind. The voice guidance reader was made to read the RFID tag attached to the drugs and announced the pharmaceutical information matching to the tag specific ID. We had the reader to obtain the pharmaceutical information from the ezDrug site operated by Korea Food & Drug Association. The voice guidance reader was fabricated as necklace type for the easy carry, and we added mp3 player as dual uses. ARM series Cortex M3 chip was used for the reader's core chip and low power MFRC523 chipset of NXP was used to construct RFID circuit. MFRC523 chip uses low power to meet the mobile application. We used VS1003B MP3 Decoder IC to make the voice generation circuit and CC2500 chipset for the wireless communication to the pharmaceutical information server. We also developed the system that can support ISO 14443A type and ISO 14443B type so that the system can be used to extend to various RFID protocols. Utilization of this system can conveniently convey the pharmaceutical information to the blind and reduce the drug abuse.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2007

Background: Asthma is a syndrome that is characterized by a variable degree of airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Colchicine is an inexpensive and safe medication with unique anti-inflammatory properties. IL-1Ra (Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) mediates the anti-inflammatory effect in human inflammatory diseases, including asthma. This study examined whether IL-1Ra mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of colchicine in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE), RAW 264.7 cells (murine macrophage cell line), and a mouse lung. Methods: NHBE, RAW 264.7 cells and BALB/c mice were stimulated with colchicine, and the increase in the IL-1Ra level was estimated by ELISA, Western analysis and RT-PCR analysis. Results: Colchicine stimulated NHBE and RAW 264.7 cells to release IL-1Ra into the supernatant in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The major isoform of IL-1Ra in NHBE and RAW 264.7 cells is type I icIL-1Ra, and sIL-1Ra, respectively. IL-1Ra up-regulation was blocked by PD98059, a specific inhibitor in MAPK pathways. Colchicine also stimulated the secretion of IL-1Ra into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of BALB/c mouse. Conclusion: Colchicine stimulates an increase in the IL-1Ra level both in vivo and in vitro, and might have an anti-inflammatory effect.