• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.325-332
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• 2021

As commercial and residential areas are actively developed around the coastal area with excellent scenery, installing coastal structures such as seawalls and breakwaters is continuously increasing to secure safe coastal regions. Additionally, the increase in the intensity of natural disasters due to climate change may cause higher incident waves than in the past, which may further aggravate the damage caused by wave overtopping. In this study, compared to the existing vertical seawall, we investigated the effect of wave overtopping reduction of a recurved seawall, which actively reflects the incoming waves, through the hydraulic model test. As a result of the hydraulic model experiment, it was confirmed that there was an effect of up to 92.4% of wave overtopping reduction in average compared to the vertical seawall and structures covered with armor blocks.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.75-81
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 진동대 시험을 실시하여 지진동에 대한 일반 안벽 구조물과 내진 보강된 안벽 구조물의 동적거동을 분석하고 내진보강기법의 성능을 평가하였다. 진동대 시험은 기초지반이 조밀한 경우와 느슨한 경우, 자갈 뒤채움재를 설치한 경우 그리고 내진대책공법으로 경량재 치환공법과 모래다짐말뚝 공법을 적용한 경우 등 총 5가지 시험단면에 대하여 실시하였다. 과잉간극수압, 가속도 반응 그리고 지반의 변형양상을 분석한 결과, 기초지반과 뒤채움 지반의 연약화가 안벽 구조물의 동적거동에 큰 영향을 미치며, 경량재 치환공법과 모래다짐말뚝공법이 안벽 구조물의 내진성능을 향상시키는에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2004

Shaking table model tests were performed to reproduce the dynamic behavior of a gravity quay wall and a pile-supported wharf which were damaged during the Kobe earthquake in 1995. The results of the model tests were compared with field measurements and with the results of previous model tests. The displacements of the model quay wall were only one third of that of the prototype, whereas the deformation state of the model was similar to that of the prototype. The displacements of the model pile-supported wharf were about two thirds of that of the prototype and the locations of the maximum moments at the model pile were similar to the buckling locations of the prototype piles.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.5-16
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• 2008

Field monitoring data of nine sites were investigated to suggest an evaluation method on lateral movement of the quaywall on soft grounds. It was found that in order to evaluate the lateral movement of quaywalls with foundation piles such as the landing pier, the safety factor of slope should be applied with consideration of the stabilizing effect of the piles. If the required safety factor of slope is greater than 1.6 in slope stability analysis with consideration of the stabilizing effect of the piles, the quaywalls are considered to be safe against lateral movement. On the other hand, for the gravity-type quaywalls such as the caisson type quaywall, the required safety factor of slope should be greater than 1.3.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.552-556
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• 2006

항만건설에 있어서 항만의 내부시설 중에서 무엇보다도 가장 중요한 시설물은 선박을 안전하게 접안시켜 하역할 수 있는 안벽시설물이다. 안벽구조 형식의 결정은 항만의 이용목적 등에 따라서 달라지지만 항만의 건설입지조건 등에 의해서도 달라진다. 안벽구조형식 중에서 잔교 식 안벽은 무엇보다도 단기간에 건설이 용이하여 지금까지 각국에서 널리 사용되어 왔고 장래에도 이용도가 증가되리라 생각한다. 최근에는 해안선을 이용한 위락시설이 건설되면서 잔교 식 안벽구조물을 설치하여 보조시설물로 이용하는 경우가 많다. 과거에 설계되어 잔교를 설계할 경우는 일반적으로 항내의 정온이 잘 유지되는 경우에 대해서 설치하는 경우가 많기 때문에 파랑에 의한 반사율과 잔교 상부에 작용하는 양압력을 고려해야할 필요성이 거의 없었다. 그러나 최근에는 태풍이 내습할 경우 기존의 항내로 높은 파랑이 침입하는 경우가 발생하고 있어 항내에서도 잔교의 파괴로 인한 자연재해가 대형화되는 경우가 발생하고 있다. 또, 처음부터 안벽을 설계할 때에 대형화의 잔교 식 안벽구조물을 설치하는 경우도 있다. 이런 잔교 식 안벽 구조물을 잔교의 상부 판에 작용하는 양압력 분포와 잔교 전면의 반사율 등이 구조물의 유지관리 등에 미치는 영향이 매우 크기 때문에 반사율 검토와 양압력을 고려한 설계가 필요하다. 본연구의 대상은 일정 해역에 잔교 식 안벽을 설계하고자 할때 최적의 안벽 설계가 될 수 있도록 수리모형실험을 실시하여 구조물의 안전과 항내정온에 기초가 되는 자료를 도출하고자 하였다. 따라서 본 수리모형실험으로 인한 연구는 잔교 식 안벽에 대한 반사율과 상부에 작용하는 양압력, 잔교말뚝(pile)에 작용하는 수평압력을 검토하여 잔교 식 안벽 설계에 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 혈청을 이용한 동결보존을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.지에 더해주면 세포의 증식이 개선될 것이다. 그래서 몇 가지 첨가물을 이용해 세포의 증식력에 변화가 나타나는지 알아보았다. 첨가물을 이용한 실험에서 IGF-I의 경우 장기간 배양에서 세포의 수를 안정적으로 유지하고 계대 횟수를 증가시키는 효과를 보였다. 이는 IGF-I이 어느정도 세포의 증식을 유지시켜주는 역할을 하기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 무혈청 배지에서 비적응 CHO 세포의 계대 배양에 한계가 있는 것은 세포주기가 멈추기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 세포주기가 멈추는 growth factor와 같이 세포의 증식을 지속적으로 유도할 수 있는 물질이 무혈청 배지에서는 부족하기 때문인 것으로 생각되고, IGF-I과 같은 첨가물을 통해 극복할 수 있는 문제라고 여겨진다.관점과 주거교육가치관 요소와의 관계를 알아본 결과, 전통적 관점은 주거교육가치관 요소 중 오직 주거관리적 요소와 관계가 있었으나 그 정도는 낮으며 실천적 관점과 구조적 관점은 주거가치관의 각 요소에 따라 약간 다르기는 했으나 주로 보통의 관계를 보였다.군 순으로 높게 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 임상에서 니켈-티타늄 합금 와이어에 굴곡을 부여하기 위해 열처리하는 경우 초탄성 특성은 유지될 수 있으나, 부하-변위 곡선의 상방 증가가 나타나므로, 와이어에 의한 교정력이 증가될 수 있음에 유의하여야 한다. $day^{-1}$인 인공습지), scenario 2(면적 4.2ha인 저류지)가 각각 연평균 6.9%, 4.8%, 7.1%의 감소를 보였다. TN은 4.7%, 3.4%, 13.4%의 삭감율을 나타내었으며, TP는 5.6%, 3.9%, 7.3%의 삭감율을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.47-56
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• 2017

Aseismic designs of pile-supported wharves are commonly performed utilizing simplified dynamic analyses, such as multi-mode spectral analyses. Simplified analyses can be useful for evaluating the limit state of structures. However, several pile-supported wharves, that have been damaged during past earthquakes, have shown that soil deformation and soil-pile dynamic interaction significantly affect the entire behavior of structures. Such behavior can be captured by performing nonlinear effective stress analyses, which can properly consider the dynamic interactions among the soil-pile-structure. The present study attempts to investigate the earthquake performance of a pile-supported wharf utilizing a three-dimensional numerical method. The damaged pile-supported wharf at the Kobe Port during the Hyogo-ken Nambu earthquake (1995) is selected to verify the applicability of the numerical modeling. Analysis results showed a suitable agreement with the observations on the damaged wharf, and the significant effect of excess pore pressure development and pile-soil dynamic interaction on the seismic performance of the wharf.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2007

Probabilistic seismic risk analysis was performed. Exceeding probabilities of combined stress and maximum horizontal displacement of steel piled pier due to surface ground motion which was transferred from base rock motion was expressed as seismic fragility curves. Occurrence probability of peak ground motion was calculated by using the seismic hazard map on design code for harbor and fishery structures of Korea. Finally seismic risk of pier structure was found by combining the fragility and the hazard and those were presented through numerical analysis.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.71-79
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• 2007

It is common that the analysis of VE/LCC is performed in design phase of quay wall structures. The analysis is mainly executed based on experience and engineering sense of expert considering the selection of construction method, construction and maintenance cost. Recently there are increasing demands on the analysis that includes uncertainty and vulnerability of input parameters, for this purpose, fuzzy reliability based probabilistic VE/LCC analysis model for quay wall structures is suggested. In VE/LCC analysis for quay wall structures, the application of probabilistic analysis method give very similar results compare with those of deterministic analysis method. It is anticipated that the methodology proposed in this paper can also be utilized in the design and maintenance phase of other facilities where decision making is made for the probabilistic life cycle cost and value analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2023

It is very important to predict the amount of settlement in order to maintain the function of the coastal structure. Finite element analysis methods and real and model experiments are used as methods for this, but this has the disadvantage of requiring a lot of cost and time. Therefore, this study was conducted for the purpose of a simple formula proposal that can easily predict the amount of settlement of the caisson-type quay wall structure. In the research process, after calculating the PSI (Power Spectrum Intensity) of the velocity, the amount of settlement of the structure is calculated by substituting it into the simple formula of the existing gravity breakwater. By comparing and analyzing the amount of settlement of the structure obtained through numerical analysis, it was confirmed that the error between the amount of settlement of the existing simple formula and the amount of settlement of the numerical analysis was large, and it was confirmed that the background could not be considered in the case of the existing simple formula. Therefore, this study proposed a correction factor for the background of the quay wall structure, indicating a simple formula that can obtain the amount of settlement of the caisson-type quay wall structure. Compared to the numerical analysis settlement amount, it was judged that this simple formula had sufficient precision in calculating the caisson-type quay wall settlement amount. In addition, facilities vulnerable to earthquake resistance can be easily extracted in situations where time and cost are insufficient, and it is expected to be used as a screening technique.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.407-413
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• 2011

Reliability analysis of pile type quaywalls were done by using response surface method. Pier structures have implicit form of limit state function since they are flexible in motion, which is different from gravity type quaywalls. To solve a reliability analysis problem with implicit limit state function, response surface method was applied. Reliability indices of structure under seismic load were found for pier structures Then, they were compared with those found by simulation method. In numerical analysis, both the inclined type and vertical type were analyzed.