• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.106-116
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• 1992

This study were purposed to find out parental perceptions of child adjustment associated with parenting stress with autistic children and differences of parenting stress between autistic children's parents and normal children's. Subjects were 27 autistic children's parents, 28 normal children's, 4 teachers with autistic children. 'Scales were Parenting Stress Index(PSI), Eyberg Child Behavior Index(ECBI), Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS), Social Maturing Scale(SMS). The results of this study were as follows. 1) In total parenting stress, parents with autistic children had significantly higher scores than normal's. 2) In child domain of parenting stress, fathers with autistic children had significantly higher than mothers on the other components except Mood and Demandingness. 3) In parent domain of parenting stress, parents with autistic children had significantly higher than nomal's on Restrict of role, Attachment, Sense of Competence. All mothers of normal and autistic children had significantly higher than fathers on the other components except Repression. 4) In parenting perceptions associated with parenting stress level of autistic children's parents. Low level group perceived their children as higher adaptibility than teacher's evaluation and high level group perceived them as equal to teacher's.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 1990

Behavioral characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are aften observed in normal children. As a result, it is at times difficult to distinguish behavior disorder of clinical significance and normal developmental phenomenon. In addition, symptoms of ADHD can vary greatly depending on situations and social context, creating considerable difficulties in assessment. Therefore it is important to obtain information from various sources and in diverse situations. It is also desirable to quantify the severity of the problems whenever possible and determine their clinical significance by comparing the data to developmental norms. Specifically, various assessment methods such as interview with parent and child, behavior rating scales, behavioral observation and psychological testing were reviewed with discussion on merits and limitatious of each. It was emphasized that systematic and comprehensive assessment utilizing appropriate methods is necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment evaluation of ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 1998

Object：The purpose of this study was to investigate that infection with group $A[{\beta}]$ hemolytic streptococcus may associate the mechanisms that cause or exacerbate the tic symptoms in some cases of Tourette's disorder Method：Fourteen cases with abrupt worsening of tics participated in this study：10 males,4 females. The subjects were divided into two groups composing of the group with increasing level of ASO titer and the group with normal level of ASO titer. The subjects were administered Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS). Result：The global severity scores and overall TS impairment rating scores of YGTSS in the group with increasing level of ASO titer were more higher than in the group with normal level of ASO titer Conclusion：These results suggest that increasing level of ASO titer, resulting from group $A[{\beta}]$ hemolytic streptococcal infection has affected worsening the tic symptoms in Touette's disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2006

Objectives : This study aims to identify sexual behaviors in sexually abused children to assess the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory(CSBI) score of sexual behaviors reported in children by their parents to analyze the relation of these sexual behaviors to demographic variables, familial variables, and characteristics of sexual abuse variables. Method : A large sample of 2-13 year old children(N=121) were rated by their caregiver via parent report consisting of CSBI, the Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL), and a questionnaire assessing characteristics of family history and sexual abuse variables. Results : There were significantly related to the CSBI score; younger children(2-5 year old group) had significantly higher scores than older children. Maternal education also related to the CSBI score, in that mothers with higher levels of education report more CSBI scores than less educated mothers. There were significant differences according to characteristics of victim victim with penile penetration of vegina and genital exposure of offender had higher score in the CSBI than others. Also, when perpeturator was an acquaintance, the CSBI scores increased. Conclusion : Sexual behavior related to childs age, maternal education, penile penetration of vegina, and genital exposure, parental emotional state and personality traits. Findings were primarily similar to previously published studies. The suggestions and the limitations of this study, and directions of future study were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

Objectives : Few studies have examined the relation between the attachment styles of the primary caregivers and the behavioral problems of their children. This study was performed to identify the impact of the insecure parental attachment patterns on the development of their higher grades elementary school children's psychiatric manifestations and disorders. Methods : 504 higher elementary pupils and their primary caretakers were included in our study. Relationship Questionnaire, Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children, and Korean Child Behavior Checklist were applied to them. Results : The grade-school children of the parents who belonged to preoccupied attachment type revealed higher Withdrawn, Anxious/depressed, Social Problems, Attention Problems, Delinquent Problems, Aggressive Problems, Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems, Total Behavioral Problems scores than ones of securely attached parents (p<0.01). Internalizing Problems score of preoccupied parents' children was highest, and one of avoidant and secure typed parents' kids followed in order (p=0.004) . More youngsters revealed Total Behavior Problem score high enough to clinically meaningful level in insecure parental attachment style than in secure one (p=0.038). Higher CDI score in insecure parental group was reported than in secure one (p=0.040). Conclusion : Parental insecure attachment can be associated with the development of the behavioral problems and psychiatric illness of their children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate validation of the School Function Assessment(SFA) for Korean Version using Rasch analysis. The subjects were recruited 98 students with disabilities in Seoul, Kyoung-Ki, Chung-cheung. The data were analysed using Rasch analysis to investigate unidimensionality and rating scale model. The 4 items out of SFA Part II were found to be misfts. The 18 items out of physical tasks, the 14 items out of cognitive/behavioral tasks in Part III were found to be misfit. All rating scale in SFA was appropriate. Further studies are needed to investigate validity and criterion cut-off score for many students with disabilities.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.137-158
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• 2011

This study is to investigate the effect of music therapy Program on Problem Behaviors and Social Skills Children with ADHD. The participants of the study were first and second graders in B elementary school in J city. They were observed in unsuitable behavioral patterns in school life by their homeroom teachers. Fifteen participants were divided into control and experimental group: The control group was eight and the experimental group was seven. Group music therapy was conducted two times a week for seven-week period. It took 35-40 minutes per therapy after school. Child Behavior Checklist-Korean, Social Skills Rating System, Social Acceptance were administered in pre- and post-stages. For the analysis of the data, Mann-Whitney U test was used. The findings from the research are summarized as follows: 1) The experimental group who was treated in music therapy showed a positive effect on problem behaviors. That is to say, the participants in the experimental group improved in emotional and cognitive stability while they significantly decreased attack behaviors; 2) The experimental group statistically showed significant improvement in their social behaviors compared to the control group. The music therapy group significantly increased social skills such as cooperation, self-assertion, and self-control. However, they did not improve responsibility as social skills in a significant manner; and 3) The experimental group showed higher degree of social acceptance than the control group. However, the result did not show a significant difference between the groups. In conclusion, the study proved positive effects of music therapy on ADHD children's uncarefulness, attack behaviors, and social skills for seven-week experimental period.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.218-228
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• 2003

Objectives：This study investigated the relationship among child's behavior problems, maternal depression, and parenting stress in children with psychiatric diagnoses and their mothers, and the effect of these variables to the mothers' parenting stress. Methods：Seventy-three children(31 externalizing, 24 internalizing, 18 mixed) and their mothers were involved in this study. The mothers of three groups completed MMPI, KPI-C(Korean Personality Inventory for Children), and PSI(Parenting Stress Index). To investigate the relationships among each variables, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, stepwise regression analysis were performed. Results：There was no significant difference in maternal depression among three groups of children. In 2-Way ANOVA, main effect of maternal depression was statistically significant on depression, parent health, and relationship with spouse subfactor in parent domain, parent domain total, and overall parenting stress. But the main effect of child group was statistically significant on distractability/hyperactivity subfactor in child domain only. In regression analysis, maternal depression explained the parent domain of parenting stress most effectively, and child's hyperactivity and anxiety explained the child domain of parenting stress significantly. Conclusion：These findings suggest that it is important to intervene maternal depression to reduce the parenting stress, along with the treatment of the child's behavior problems.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.213-225
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• 1999

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate how the play habits, temperament, and environmental factors might affect childhood obesity. Methods : Two hundred sixty children, aged 4 through 6 years living in Seoul & Cheonan were surveyed by a questionnaire about the children's play habit and the parent's related factors such as weight, height, education, income. In addition the Korean version of the Parent Temperament Questionnaire for Children and the Korean version of the Family Environment Scale were also administered to parents of those children. The height and weight of those children were measured and the percentage of body fat was measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer. Result : 1) Among 260 children, 25 children were considered to be obese on the basis of both obesity index and percentage of body fat. 2) Parents of obese children showed a significantly higher educational level(p<0.05) and mothers of obese children had significantly more jobs(p<0.05) and showed higher body mass index(p<0.05) than those of nonobese children. 3) By observing play habits of children, obese children spent significantly longer time in watching TV and video(p<0.05), while nonobese children showed a trend to play outside(p<0.1). 4) On the Korean version of the Parent Temperament Questionnaire for Children, obese children showed significantly less activity than nonobese ones(p <0.05). 5) Family of obese children had significantly higher point on subscale of Achievement orientation, Intellectual-cultural orientation and Moral-religious emphasis of the Korean version of the Family Environment Scale(p<0.05). 6) Percentage of body fat of obese children was correlated with children's watching TV time, activity level, scores of Achievement orientation, Intellectual-cultural orientation of the Korean version of the Family Environment Scale and the both parent's education levels(p<0.05). Conclusion : Obese children showed hypoactivity and more watching TV time. And obese children's both parent had higher educational level and their mother had higher Body Mass Index and more jobs. Family of obese children had higher point on items of Achievement orientation, Intellectual-cultural orientation and Moral-religious emphasis. Family environmental factors influence on children's obesity through interaction of genetic and behavioral-psychological factors concomittently.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 1999

Objective：This study was to investigate the effects of familial risk factors on the behavior problems of ADHD group and normal group. Method：The familial risk factors and behavioral problems of the children were administered to 160 mothers, comprised of 29 ADHD children and 131 normal children. Results：The results showed that the ADHD group and normal group were significantly different in the degree of marital satisfaction, state-trait anxiety, and depression. Familial risk factors and the behavior problems of children were significantly correlated. Conclusion：Marital unsatisfaction and parental affective problems were closely related to behavior problems of ADHD patients.