• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.211-218
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• 2024

This study attempted to derive a new policy paradigm of life-span sport of disabled children. For that purpose, collecting and analyzing related preceding researches and literatures from 2008 to present (2022), this study firstly found out past life-span sport policy paradigms for disabled children and the causes of their changes, and secondly found out social problems which present policies could not deal with. Through those study process, this study suggested life-span sport in response to the demands and needs of children with disabilities which could include life-span sport centered on disabled children, life-span sport with family members, the realization of the essential value of life-span sport for the human rights of children with disabilities, and the development of new methodologies using smart technologies.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.145-159
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• 2009

In this study, mothers of 205 4- to 5-year-old preschoolers responded to aggression episodes of Werner et al. (2006); preschoolers' teachers responded to the Preschool Social Behavior Scale (Crick et al., 1997). Results showed, (1) boys exhibited more overt and relational aggression. (2) In overt aggression episodes, mothers used encouragement to boys and rule violation responses to girls; in relational aggression episodes, mothers used encouragement and power assertion responses to girls. (3) Mothers' power assertion about overt aggression related negatively with preschoolers' overt aggressive behaviors; mothers' discussion about relational aggression related positively with preschoolers' overt aggressive behaviors. Implications of these findings for the mothers' responses by aggression types were discussed in order in better understand preschooler's aggressive behaviors.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2010

This study examines the additive and interactive effects of temperament and parenting on children's reactive and proactive aggression. The participants were 2844 4th graders(1524 boys, 1320 girls) from the Korea Youth Panel Study(KYPS). The results show sthat : (1) Children's emotion regulation influenced reactive aggression, whereas sensation seeking influenced proactive aggression. Children's anger/frustration influenced both subtypes of aggression. (2) Harsh parenting influenced children's proactive aggression. (3) There are some significant temperament $\times$ temperament and temperament $\times$ parenting interactions.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.31-47
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• 2002

In this study, the perceptions and responses of 136 kindergarten children from middle SES families were recorded in one-to-one interviews about the cause, reasons for expression, and responses to negative emotions. Results showed that children perceived he causes of anger and sadness as 'interpersonal events' and they perceived he cause of fear to be 'fantasy/scary events'. The children tended not to express their negative emotions because they expected negative responses from their peers and mothers, but when they did, the expressed their negative emotions to their mothers rather than to peers. Children responded to the negative emotions of their peers with 'problem-solving focused strategies', but they responded to their mothers' negative emotions with passive strategies, such as 'emotion focused response' and 'avoidance'.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

This study examined the influences of age, offenders' intention, victims' emotional reactions on the moral emotional understanding of preschool children. Eighty eight children aged 4, 5, and 6 participated in this study, and were interviewed using four moral transgression stories. The responses of the children were then analyzed in terms of the levels of moral emotional understanding, from error through to the understanding of secondary emotions. The results indicated that older children showed higher levels of moral emotional understanding than younger children. Additionally, children's moral emotional understanding was higher in situations in which offenders' behaviors were intentional, and in which the victims expressed sadness. The attribution of moral emotions was influenced by victims' emotional reactions only in 6-year-old children. Discussion of these results also included the development of intervention programs for children with aggressive behaviors, as well as a number of suggestions for future study.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.173-187
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• 2005

This study examined relations between infants' strategies for emotional regulation and maternal responsiveness. Fifty 24-month-olds were observed for six kinds of emotional regulation strategy during four negative emotion-eliciting tasks; their mothers were observed for five styles of maternal responsiveness during toy-centered free play. Infants used different strategies according to the kinds of negative emotioneliciting tasks; their strategies correlated with maternal responsive styles. In the anger-eliciting tasks, infants used "distraction" and "self soothing." In the fear-eliciting tasks, they used "avoidance" and "problem solving." Infants who received more negative feedback from their mothers used the "irritation" strategy. Infants who got received more positive feedback from their mother used the "getting reference" strategy.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.155-171
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were firstly, to examine the emergence of complex strategies for emotional regulation in 3 and 4 years old children, and secondly, to analyze the corresponding relationship of the preschoolers' strategies for emotional regulation and their mothers' responses. The subjects comprised 66 preschoolers(33 boys, 33 girls) and their mothers in J city. The results were as follows. First, the preschoolers' strategies for emotional regulation in frustrating episodes occurred in the following order; instrumental behaviors, cognitive reappraisal, distraction behaviors, and comforting behaviors. Second, the mother's responses to frustrating episodes occurred in the following order; cognitive reappraisal, instrumental behaviors, comforting behaviors, and distraction behaviors. Third, the corresponding relationship of the preschooler's strategies for emotional regulation and the mothers' responses to frustrating episodes were found to be of a similar patterns (e.g. preschoolers' cognitive reappraisal strategy and mothers' cognitive reappraisal response).

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.19-36
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to firstly, investigate the relationship between infants' communicative gestures, play and maternal responsiveness and secondly, to examine the role of maternal responsiveness in the associations between infants' communicative gestures and play. The subjects comprised 42 infants (21 boys and 21 girls) and their mothers. The infants' communicative gestures, the infants' play and maternal responsiveness were observed during free play sessions lasting 20 minutes. The results are as follows. Mothers of girls showed higher levels of responsiveness than the mothers of boys. In addition, here were positive correlations between infants' communicative gestures, play and maternal responsiveness. Maternal responsiveness was observed to moderate the effects of infants' communicative gestures on the infants' average level of play. These results indicate that it is important for caregivers to interpret infants' communicative intentions appropriately and respond promptly and adequately in play situations.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2001

Purpose : Treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) includs folk remedies and various treatments based on pathogenesis. We assessed the therapeutic effect of nocturnal water restrict ion as the primary treatment of PNE. Materials and methods : From October 1998 to June 1999, 41 children with PNE (>3 wet nights per week) who visited Ewha Womans University Mokdong hospital and who had good compliances to nocturnal water restriction for 2 months were included. Before and during nocturnal water restriction, daily fluid intake and urine volume were recorded for 2 days every 2 weeks. Responses to nocturnal water restriction were classified according to the decrease of wet nights as complete (>90$\%$), partial (50-90$\%$) and no (<50$\%$) response. Predictors such as age, sex, daytime voiding dysfunction, fluid intake, urine volume, maximum urine volume per void and fasting urine osmolality were evaluated. Results . The response rate to nocturnal water restriction fir 2 month was 82.9$\%$(34/41) [complete response 39.0$\%$(16/41), partial response : 43.9$\%$(18/41)]. The response rate to nocturnal water restriction was significantly higher in monosymptomatic PNE than polysymptomatic PNE and more effective in PNE with or nocturnal fluid intake, nocturnal urine volume, and maximum urine volume than lower nocturnal fluid intake, nocturnal urine volume and maximum urine volume per void (P<0.05). Nocturnal urine volume, maximum urine volume per void and luting urine osmolality after nocturnal water restriction has significantly increased higher in complete response and partial response group than in no response group (P<0.05). Conclusion : The nocturnal water restriction was effective in monosymptomatic PNE with nocturnal polydypsia, nocturnal polyuria and high bladder capacity. (J, Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 5 : 51- 8, 2001)

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.187-204
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• 1999

The 20 five-year-old kindergarteners in the experimental group participated in 14 art criticism activities over an 8 week period. Analysis of the data by frequency, percentage, and t-test showed differences between the experimental and control groups. The experimental group improved in Visual Cue-Attendance and Evaluative Judgmental categories. Children in the experimental group also showed higher scores in organization of pictures and materials in their expressive art work. There were no differences between groups in sequence and contents of expression.