• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.964-970
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• 1996

One hundred eight patients (Feb.'86, through Jan.'96) underwent 53 mitral(MVR), 20 aortic(AVR), )5 double(DVR) valve replacement with SJM prosthesis. There were 55 males and 53 females whose mean age was 36.3 $\pm$ 10.4 years. We used 143 valves in mitral(88), aortic(54), and tricuspid(1) sites. The size and number of valves were 31 mm(32). 33inm(23), 29mm(20), 27mm(10), 25mm(2), and 35mm(1) in mitral site; 2)mm(21), 21mm(1 S), 19mm(7), 25mm(5), 27mm(2), and 33mm(1) in aortic site; and Blmm(1) in tricuspid site. Preoperative NYHA functional classes were II(14), III(73) and IV(21), and which were improved into I(89) and II(16) postoperatively. Early postoperative complications occurred in 15 cases(13.9%) in which LOS was the most common one(5 cases; 4.6%). fatly hospital death occurred in 3 cases(2.8%) due to LOS(1) and sudden cardiac arrest(2) he cummulative total follow-up period was 437.6 pl-yr with a mean of 4.1$\pm$2.9 years. There were 5 events of valve related'complications (2 TE, 1 paravalvular leak, 1 TE+paravalvular leak, 1 PVE) with the occurrence rate as 1.14%/pt-yr. Reoperation was performed in 2 cases and there were 2 cases of valve related death due to one PVE and one paravalvlllar leak. The complication free rate was 91.4$\pm$ ).4% at 10 years. Actuarial survival rate was 93.6 $\pm$ 3.1 % at 10 years.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.415-419
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• 2019

Fipronil is an insecticide that belongs to the N-phenylpytazole and has been used mainly for an insect pest control. However, it is known that acute poisoning of the human body causes various symptoms such as dizziness, muscle weakness, dyspnea, skin irritation, and increased heart rate. Lately, eggs containing fipronil have been distributed and toxic problems are spreading around the world. In this study, we tried to develop analytical methods to evaluate the exposure of fipronil and fipronil sulfone in animal serum samples. The differences according to mobile phase and the results of liquid - liquid extraction and solid phase extraction pretreatment method were compared. Distilled water (A) and acetonitrile (B) were selected for the mobile phase, and the pretreatment method was determined by solid phase extraction. As a result of the method validation, the intra-day / inter-day accuracies were 82.2~114.1% and the precisions were less than 20%. The detection limit was 0.027 ng/ml for fipronil and 0.087 ng/ml for fipronil sulfone. The linearity obtained was satisfying, with a coefficient of determination (r²) higher than 0.99. The concentrations in some animal sera were determined using the methods of analysis for fipronil and fipronil sulfone in animal sera developed in this study. Using the method developed in this study, it could be used as an analytical method for human bio-monitoring of fipronil and fipronil sulfone as well as animal serum.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11b
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• pp.915-918
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• 2010

12주간의 유산소 운동 및 복합성 운동이 중년여성의 신체 구성 및 혈중 지질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 2009년 3월부터 9월까지 일개 D광역시 소재 일개 S구 보건소 12주 운동프로그램에 참가한 40~50대 중년 여성 78명을 대상으로 비만그룹과 정상그룹으로 나누어 주3회, 회당 80분의 유산소 운동과 유산소운동/근력 운동을 병행한 복합성 운동을 목표 심박수 40~60%에서 실시하였다. 1. WHO 기준 적용 시, 정상군의 경우 운동의 유형에 상관없이 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 2. WHO 기준 적용 시, 비만군의 경우 유산소 운동의 근육량, 체지방량, 체지방률을 제외하고 운동의 유형에 상관없이 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 3. 아시아-태평양 기준 적용 시, 정상군의 경우 일부 항목에서만 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 4. 아시아-태평양 기준 적용 시, 비만군의 경우 유산소 운동의 근육량을 제외하고 운동의 유형에 상관 없이 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 상기 결론에서 볼 수 있듯이, 12주간의 운동 프로그램은 WHO 기준 적용 시 일부 항목을 제외하고 운동 유형에 상관없이 40~50대 중년여성의 신체조성 및 혈중지질에 긍정적 효과를 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 비만에 대해 더 엄격한 아시아 - 태평양 기준 적용 시 특히 정상 군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는 항목이 많이 나타났는데 이것은 우리나라 비만기준을 아시아태평양기준에서 세계 기준으로 바꿀 필요가 있다는 주장을 뒷받침하고 있다. 세계보건기구 WHO는 2004년에 이미 우리나라에 세계비만기준을 따를 것을 권고했는데, 실제 위험성이 정확하게 평가돼야지 정확한 대책이나 관리가 나올 수 있기 때문이다. WHO 기준에 의거 시 질병의 발생 위험도가 낮은 경도비만이 엄격한 아시아-태평양 지역 기준 적용 시 비만으로 분류되어 불필요하게 체형에 대한 부정적인 이미지나 스트레스를 받을 가능성도 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 1996

The donor pool for heart transplants is severely limited and there is still a legal problem of brain death. This study assessed the function of hearts "absolute anoxic" for ten minutes after asphyxia by perfusing the hearts on a Langendorfr apparatus for 45 minutes with Krebs-Henseleit buffier at 37 t at 80 cm H2O. Forty isolated rat hearts were divided into four groups. Ten control hearts (group 1) were perfused on the circuit without intervening ischemia. Ten hearts (group 2) were harvested, quickly flushed with 5cc of cold University of Wisconsin solution, and stored in the same cold solution for 4 hours. Ten hearts (group 3) were excised, quickly flushed with 5 u of cold Stanford cardioplegic solution and stored in cold saline solution for 4 hours. Ten asphyxiated hearts (group 4) had warm ischemia for ten minutes and were perfused with 5u of cold Stanford cardioplegia containing 7,500 units of urokinase to dissolve intravascular clots, and stored in cold saline solution for 1.5 hours. Time of spontaneous defibrillation (TSD) after perfusion was significantly longer in group 2, group 3 and group 4 than in group 1. TSD in group 3 and group 4 was significantly longer in comparison to that of group 2. Left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP) at 15 minutes was significantly lower in group 3 and group 4 than in group 1 and group 2. In group 4, LVDP at 30 minutes and 45 minutes was significantly lower compared with that in group 1 . In conclusion, asphyxiated rat hear;ts which had absolute anoxia for 10 minutes after as hyxia showed relatively satisfactory cardiac function. function.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.297-300
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• 2012

In the present study, we investigated and compared the oxidant-antioxidant status of dogs undergoing open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ten male beagle dogs, 4-6 years old, weighing 7-12 kg were used. The animals were randomly assigned to one of two groups according to the type of surgical procedure; open (group 1, n = 5) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (group 2, n = 5). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide, peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rates were measured. Plasma total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels for the evaluation of oxidative stress were measured. The ratio of the TOS to the TAS gave oxidative stress index (OSI), which is an indicator of the degree of oxidative stress. TOS, OSI and TAS levels were significantly changed after surgery in comparison to levels of before anesthesia. There were no significant different between groups. In the present study, we showed that oxidative stress parameters were found similar in dogs underwent laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2004

As the experience of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been accumulated, the number of reoperation after CABG is increasing. We analyzed our clinical experience of redo-CABG. Material and Method: Fourteen patients who underwent redo-CABG between Jan. 1994 and Dec. 2002 were included in this study. The mean period from the first operation to reoperation was 66$\pm$56 (3∼157) months, and the average ages were 62.8$\pm$8.7 (51∼78) years. The survivors were followed up 39$\pm$29 (4∼101) months postoperatively. Indications of reoperation were stenosis or occlusion of previous grafts in 11 patients, progression of native coronary artery disease in one patient, and both etiologies in two patients. Result: There were two in-hospital mortalities (14.3%) resulting from low cardiac output syndrome, Postoperative morbidities were perioperative myocardiac infarction in 2 patients (14.3%), mediastinitis in one patient (7.2%), duodenal perforation in one patient, ischemic necrosis of the lower extremity in one patient, gastric perforation after mesenteric infarct in one patient, delayed brain infarct in one patient, and intraoperative splenic rupture in one patient. There was one late mortality at six months postoperatively during the follow up. There was no angina recurrence during the follow up. Conclusion: Although redo CABG demonstrated relatively high operative mortalities and morbidities, postoperative status and clinical outcome of the survivors were favorable.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2013

This research has been conducted to determine the effect that the visually handicapped's participation in an aerobic exercise program has on cardiorespiratory function and arterial pulse wave. The subjects of this research were 20 people who have a 1st degree visual impairment. They recognized the purpose of this research and agreed to take part in it. After receiving agreements from their guardians, we divided them into an exercise group of 10 and a comparison group of 10 at random. The exercise group conducted a 50-70%HRmax treadmill exercise for 60 minutes a day, five times a week, for 12 weeks, including warm up and warm down exercises. We then conducted a two-way repeated ANOVA, which regards the period of exercise and the two groups as independent variables. The follow-up verification for exercise periods according to each group was carried out with a paired t-test. The statistical significance level was p<.05. The following are the results of this research. First, the weight and body fat of the experiment group after exercise show a meaningful reduction compared to before the exercise program (p<.05).Second, the VO2max, HRmax, and VEmax of the experiment group after exercise show a meaningful increase compared to before the exercise program (p<.05). Third, the arterial pulse wave of the experiment group after exercise display a meaningful increase compared to before the exercise program (p<.05). Fourth, the systolic blood pressure of the experiment group after exercise does not show a meaningful reduction compared to before the exercise program (p>.05). These results prove that the visually handicapped's participation in an aerobic exercise program is effective in the improvement of their cardiorespiratory function, bloodstream circulation function and blood vessel function.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.30-35
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of aerobic exercise through convergence on exhaled carbon monoxide and cardiorespiratory function of female college students who participated in nonsmoking. The subjects were female college students from University D in Metropolitan City D, and those who started smoking 2 years ago and who do not engage in regular physical activities were first selected, and a total of 18 people who indicated their intention to participate in the experiment were selected to receive a pledge of nonsmoking and consent to the experiment. The selected subjects were classified into 9 people in the exercise group and 9 in the control group by wireless assignment, and individual exercise intensity was set through the maximum exercise load test to establish an accurate exercise program. Individual exercise intensity is set to 50%HRmax for 1-3 weeks, 60%HRmax for 4-6 weeks, 70%HRmax for 7-9 weeks. In order to apply the correct exercise intensity during exercise, a Polar heart rate monitor was used for control and the following results were obtained. First, the change in carbon monoxide decreased by three levels from 21.17±3.67ppm (Red 2 16-25ppm, habitual smokers) before participation in the exercise group that participated in aerobic exercise for 9 weeks to 1.36±0.76ppm (Green, 0-6ppm, non-smokers) after participation, and the control group also showed the same effect from 22.35±2.08ppm (Red 2 16-25ppm, habitual smokers) to 2.81±0.51ppm (Green, 0-6ppm, non-smokers). Second, the change in cardiorespiratory function showed a significant increase in all of the maximum oxygen intake, maximum heart rate, and maximum ventilation in the exercise group who participated in aerobic exercise for 9 weeks, but there was no significant change in the control group. Therefore, aerobic exercise showed the effect of improving the cardiorespiratory function by releasing carbon monoxide and supplying sufficient oxygen to various organs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1197-1201
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• 1996

From October, 1987 to December, 1995, nine patients underwent total correction of tetralogy of Fallot in adults over 20 years of age. There were 5 male and 4 female patients aged from 22 to 42 years(mean, 29.6 years). Three patients were in New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional class II, and 6 patients in class III. The hemoglobin values ranged from 10.8 to 20.7 gm/㎗ (average, l5.6gm/㎗). The preoperative clinical features were as follows: cyanosis, 8 patients; dyspnea on exertion, 6 patients; clubbing of fingers, 5 patients; frequent upper respiratory infection, 3 patients. At the operation both infundibular and valvular stenosis were present in all patients. Reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT) using Goretex was required in 7 patients, and transannular patching with Goretex in 2 pateints. Left pulmonary angioplasty with pericardium was done in 2 patients. No hospital deaths occurred. Four of 9 patients(44.4%) had postoperative low cardiac output syndrome, and postoperative bleeding in 5. One patient required reoperation due to residual ventricular septal defect and tricuspid regurgitation 3 months after the first operation. The mean follow-up period was 25 months, range 11 to 77 months. All was asymptomatic and in NYHA class I. We suggest that advanced age is not contraindication to surgery in tetralogy of Fallot, and tetralogy of Fallot in adults could be operated on due to low mortality.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.705-711
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• 2002

The advantages of mitral valve reconstruction have been well established and so mitral valve reconstruction is now considered as the procedure of choice to correct mitral valve disease. This is the report of intermediate-term results of 38 cases that performed mitral valve reconstruction for valve insufficiency(the total number of mitral valve reconstruction were 49 cases, but 11 cases that performed mitral valve replacement due to incomplete reconstruction were excluded). Material and Method : From March 1991 to March 2001, 38 patients underwent mitral valve repair due to mitral valve regurgitation with or without stenosis. Mean age was 47.6$\pm$14.7 years(range 15 to 70 years) : 11 were men and 27 were women. The causes of mitral valve regurgitation were degenerative in 14, rheumatic in 21, infective in 2 and the other was congenital. Result : According to the Carpentier's pathologic classification of mitral valve regurgitation, 3 were type 1 , 16 were type II and 19 were type III. Surgical procedures were annuloplasty 15, commissurotomy 19, leaflet resection and annular plication 9, chordae shortening 11, chordae transfer 5, new chordae formation 2, papillary muscle splitting 2 and vegetectomy 2. These procedures were combined in most patients. There were 2 early death and the causes of death were respiratory failure, renal failure and sepsis. There was no late death. Valve replacement was done in 6 patients after repair due to valve insufficiency or stenosis 3 weeks, 1, 3, 51, 69, 84months later respectively. These patients have been followed up from 1 to 116 months(mean 43.0 months). The mean functional class(NYHA) was 2.36 pre-operatively and improved to 1.70. Conclusion : In most cases of mitral valve regurgitation, mitral valve reconstruction when technically feasible is effective operation that can achieve stable functional results and low surgical and late mortality.