• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.607-616
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-rated oral health status and oral health concern of 6,094 adults over the age of 19, which were both related to subjective oral health awareness, based on the second-year (2008) raw data of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Survey. 1. As for subjective oral health awareness, 49.4 percent replied they were in bad oral health when they were asked about self-rated oral health status. Regarding oral health concern, 62.6 percent answered they were sort of concerned about oral health. 2. As to oral health indexes by sociodemographic characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in oral health indexes according to gender, age, academic credential, monthly mean household income, frequency of eating between meals and toothbrushing frequency. Smoking made no statistically significant differences to oral health indexes (p<0.000). 3. Concerning self-rated oral health status by sociodemographic characteristics, no significant differences were found according to gender, age and academic credential, and there were statistically significant differences according to monthly mean household income and smoking (p<0.000), frequency of eating between meals (p<0.018), toothbrushing frequency (p<0.003). 4. In relation to oral health concern by sociodemographic characteristics, gender and smoking made no significant differences, and statistically significant differences were found according to age (p<0.003), academic credential, monthly mean household income, frequency of eating between meals and toothbrushing frequency (p<0.000). 5. In regard to the relationship between subjective oral health awareness and oral health indexes, none of the oral health indexes had a significant relationship to self-rated oral health status, and there were statistically significant differences in oral health concern according to functioning teeth index (p<0.011) and community periodontal index (p<0.017).

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.31
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• pp.87-111
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• 2011

In moral instruction, one of the important purposes is cultivate students' meaningful moral knowing. To obtain this purpose, generally systems approach has been adopted and used in moral instruction. Systems approach has emphasized efficient designs which do not occur incidental learning that does not contribute to obtain learning objectives. However, moral meaning may occur to the subject of knowing, then occurrence of coincidence can not be excluded. If we approach to moral instruction with operative and engineering ways, we may convey the learning object but it won't be received meaningfully. Because of such problem, moral instruction has been required an alternative perspective contrary to the systems approach. Above all we need to reconsider the logic of explanation based on the systems approach. Because the moral instruction is understood that it is a systematic and operative act according to the logic of explanation. According to the logic of explanation, education is an act that conveys the teachers' knowledge to students who have inferior knowledge to teachers'. During this process, students' interpretation has been overlooked. In moral instruction, the teachers' interpretation of moral meaning can occur and extend by students' interpretation. When we understand moral instruction as the course of alliance between interpretation, it could be stood out that teaching as a symbol, constitution of teaching text as a vacuum, learning as a coincidence. When we stand out these aspects, the moral instruction could be understand as a poetic act. And based on such understanding, we can abstract specific resemblances between the poetic act and the moral instruction. There are semantic invariants and semantic variants in the teaching text of moral instruction. The semantic variants premise uncertainty. The limitation, that is, semantic invariants and the openness which is possible within semantic variants are changed to the moral instruction by students' response. It is essential that a selective attention as esthetic transaction that could be changed from text to poet. Like this, we need to take notice of instructive aspects not to means for reaching learning objectives but to act for being possible disinterested experiential learning.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.55
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• pp.115-145
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• 2014

In this paper, the transition of the status of Chinese novels and the change of the knowledge field in the modern times from the end of 19th century to the early 20th century, the transition period between the tradition and the modern times, have been investigated based on Liang Qichao's assertion of the Revolution of the Novel World. How the traditional novels have been evaluated, how modern novels enlightened a people and changed the political society, and what role novels acted in the change of the knowledge field are investigated. Especially I looked into the accumulations of knowledge and changes inside China which were overlooked in the previous researches which focused on the inflow of the Western culture and its impact on Chinese culture. Firstly the evaluation and classification of the traditional novels are considered. Because the transition of the status of novels and the classification method of the catalog of books are tightly coupled with the change of academic ideologies. Later I tried to understand novels as a way of thinking the modern times with a discussion on the changes of modern knowledge society and the consideration of Liang Qichao's Revolution of the Novel World in the two viewpoints, i.e. the relationship between novels and political society, and novels and the style of writing. Liang Qichao raised novels to the topmost position of literature. He pushed the traditional poetry off the top position and replaced it with popular novels. As the outside impact of Western culture made Chinese novels a tool for enlightening the ignorant people and the medium of propagating the knowledge, the status of novels was elevated to the highest level which novels had never reached in the past. With the limitation that the valuation was not based on the aesthetic appreciation of art but based on the value for politics and society, novel was a discourse of life and death to save the country and a container of knowledge to rebuild the people's mind and convert the crisis of the national ruin.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.571-610
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• 2013

The current patent system is more often used for defensive purposes to exclude others' use or as a means to hold unfair strong positions in negotiations rather than for the original purpose as the dissemination and active use of useful technology. An injunction together with a damage is an important remedy for patent infringements. However, unlike a claim for damages, injunctions do not require the subjective requirement of intent and negligence or the occurrence of loss. If the validity of the patent and the fact of infringement are confirmed, automatically injunctions are issued without consideration of other circumstances. So a patent holder would exclude others' use and have a powerful position in negotiations because of injunctions for patent infringements. Therefore, those injunctions for patent infringements should be flexibly restricted according to cases under the premise to ensure fair compensation for the patent owner, rather than absolutely admitting injunctions for patent infringements like now. If then, it would serve the use of a useful technology and industrial development as the purpose of the patent system. First of all, judgments for preliminary injunctions should be strict and by deliberate decision on the merits permanent injunctions should be determined. In addition, it is needed that court's discretion possible to considerate 'the need for an injunction'. When the courts judge 'the need for an injunction', 'whether a patent holder has implemented a patent invention, the possibility of monetary compensation and the ability of the infringer for damages, a patent holder's intent to license and whether an injunction has been used as a weapon of negotiation, the proportion of patent technology in the entire products, the characteristics of patent technology and the possibility of patent invalidity, the competitive relationship for market share, the public interests and gains and losses between the parties and so on' should be considered. After these judgements, if 'the need for an injunction' is not approved, a patent owner would be protected by post-monetary compensation. However, because damages are related to illegal conducts in the past, in the case that an injunction is restrained, measures to ensure the legal implementation in the future are needed. It is primarily desirable that reasonable royalty is estimated throughout private negotiations between parties, but if agreement between the parties does not occur, patent owner should be able to claim the royalty for future.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.232-245
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• 2021

The present study is about a brand development strategy that utilizes Korean traditional patterns. The global culturenomics phenomenon confirms the value of the cultural aspects of design when a national brand is established. People succeed with their unique aesthetic sense and reinterpret it in a modern view, and this design acts as today's national brands. In this way, people used traditional patterns and original designs, along with regional characteristics and formative style, in developing their designs. However, due to recent changes in the global environment, modern people live in an "untact" world, and consumption culture shifted toward online marketing. In this environment, where one is isolated from social activities, there needs to be a strong image that can dramatically change the mood of one's home. I would like to re-examine the Dan-Chung pattern, whose painting depends on the aesthetic characteristics of architecture to protect the wooden members of the framework in traditional architecture. The pattern and color of Dan-Chung, coated in traditional architecture, differs by the type of construction used, which includes a palace, a Buddhist temple, and a Confucianism Dan Chung. The Geummoon pattern contains aesthetic factors to add solemnity to the Main Buddhist Halls, which contain Buddha. This is a new medium that continues the current traditions instead of remaining in the past. Among different Dan Chung patterns, Geummoon has magnificent decoration consisting of the highest grade materials and unique composition; therefore, it is suitable to be reinterpreted in modern terms. The same pattern can be interpreted in different ways with different colors, so there is a great aesthetic impression in the Geummoon pattern. The value of preservation for exploration and theoretical study of the traditional pattern is important, but recreating the pattern into modern formative art can present a new angle of view and national brand, bearing pride in our cultural assets. The study used multidimensional molding methods for realistic presentation after going through the two-dimensional design process. The significant value of Korean molding beauty which hangs onto the past will play a crucial role in establishing our national brand.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.129
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• pp.167-191
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• 2014

Pour Kierkegaard la condition de l'homme naturel est tragique. $D^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre$ $s^{\prime}{\acute{e}}veiller$, ${\hat{e}}tre$ ignorant et $d{\acute{e}}nier$ sur son vrai ${\hat{e}}tre$, tous causent le $d{\acute{e}}sespoir$. En plus l'homme ne peut avoir une conviction sur son bonheur $jusqu^{\prime}{\grave{a}}$ la mort. Donc sa $th{\acute{e}}orie$ du bonheur ne se base pas sur le bonheur. Tous le monde vit dans une situation $o{\grave{u}}$ il y a une distance entre $l^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre$ $pr{\acute{e}}sent$ et son vrai ${\hat{e}}tre$. La vie ${\grave{a}}$ la perspective ${\acute{e}}thique$ s'apparaît comme se diriger vers son vrai ${\hat{e}}tre$ et ceci signifie $d^{\prime}{\acute{e}}tablir$ son ${\hat{e}}tre$ $int{\acute{e}}rieur$ en s'echappant la vie $esth{\acute{e}}tique$ qui est la vie sensitive et directe, et aussi faire s'identifier son ${\hat{e}}tre$ $ext{\acute{e}}rieur$ ${\grave{a}}$ son ${\hat{e}}tre$ $int{\acute{e}}rieur$. Le $p{\acute{e}}ch{\acute{e}}$ signifie la $s{\acute{e}}paration$ de son vrai ${\hat{e}}tre$, cela est la source de tout mal. L'obtention parfait de $l^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre-soi$ exisge ${\hat{e}}tre$ en $pr{\acute{e}}sence$ devant l'Asolu(Dieu) en tant qu'individu unique, et s'accorder avec l'Absolu. Mais du fiat $m{\hat{e}}me$ que ceci est impossible pour tous, tout le monde ne peut vivre qu'ayant un peu de $p{\acute{e}}ch{\acute{e}}$. Donc l'aspect de la vie ${\acute{e}}thique$ s'apparaît une vie dynamique qui $d{\acute{e}}passe$ $soi-m{\hat{e}}me$ sans cesse. En contradiction qu'avec l'analyse sur $l^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre$ $pr{\acute{e}}sent$ qui est si tragique, la vertu de cette vie ${\acute{e}}thique$ est si optimiste. Elle est l'amour. Cet amour est $tr{\acute{e}}s$ excellent qui $d{\acute{e}}passe$ toute la vertu ${\acute{e}}thique$. En $v{\acute{e}}rit{\acute{e}}$ pour Kierkegaard, bien que le salut $lui-m{\hat{e}}me$ sera donner par la foi, le principe de cet amour est l'unique vertu qui ammene l'homme vers la foi et vers le salut. C'est pourquoi son ${\acute{e}}thique$ est essentiellement s'apparaît 'une ${\acute{e}}thique$ de l'amour', et la recherche sur cet amour, son principe et son aspect reste comme uneque $t{\hat{a}}che$ de $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}thique$.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.53
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• pp.103-130
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• 2018

The Chilean female writer María Luisa Bombal (1910 - 1980)'s "El ${\acute{a}}rbol$" (The Tree) (1939) tells the process of Brigida's epiphany. Brigida first tried to gain her father's love and failed, and later her husband's love and failed, then tried to substitute that love from men with solace from a tree. At the end of the novel, the epiphany occurs when the tree is cut down. In the present work, I explain the meaning of Brigida's epiphany, by comparing this Chilean short story with the Korean female writer Kim Chaewon(1946 - )'s "Trick of Water: A Kiss with Nothing" (2015). In this Korean short story, Kim insists that a woman who tries to find comfort in life through love with a man is destined to fail. I also examine the errors of the female characters' behaviors in these two short stories that led them to their self-destruction, trying to modify their behaviors in order to be loved by a man and their tendency to consider the man as everything in their life, and not as a part of their life. In order to explain the fated failure of finding comfort in life in the love of a man, I analyze the fleeting characteristic of acquiring an object of desire using Jacques Lacan's "Theory of Desire" and "The Destruction of the Elevated Object into the Dignity of the Thing." Thus, I conclude that women need to acknowledge that comfort in life cannot be found in the love of a man and that they should stop confining themselves to this fictitious characteristic of the dignified object called man.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.17
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• pp.157-202
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• 2008

Archival Objects are defined as objects having historical, aesthetic, and artistic value as well as archival value created and used with a particular purpose in business process. Increasingly, many countries including Canada, Australia, China are recognized the importance of Archival Objects and designated them as national records. In Korea, Archival Objects are involved in national records through '2006 Plan for the Archives and Records Management Reform'. So National Archives and Records Service provided a foothold for comprehensive plan of national records management including Archival Objects. And also, by revising Records and Archives Management Act in 2007, National Archives and Records Service declared aggressive will to management Archival Objects. Until now, Objects held in public institution were easy to be damaged because definition or scope of Archival Objects was ambiguous and management system for material character wasn't exist. Even though the revised Records and Archives Management Act suggest definition and declare the responsibility of management, management system focused on various shape and material of objects need to be established. So this study has defined Archival Objects shortly and carried out a research 5 institutions on the actual management condition. By researching the result of institution survey, Records and Archives Management Act and actual Records Management System, we could find some problems. In solving these problems, We provide objects management process in the order capture ${\rightarrow}$ register ${\rightarrow}$ description ${\rightarrow}$ preservation ${\rightarrow}$ use${\rightarrow}$disposition. In addition, close cooperation between records center and museum of institution should be established for the unitive management at national level. This study has significance in introducing a base to manage Archival Objects systematically. By studying more, we hope to advance in management of valuable Archival Objects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.620-631
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• 2019

Be an important competitive appearance for both boys and girls in modern society, and highlight the importance of enhancing their appearance. Administrative activity is considered traditionally feminine behavior and appearance, almost all female is subject of a consumer market is continuing, and recognition, but since the 1990s.Gender role stereotypes and women's social activity due to changes in status and role of men and women affected. Accordingly, the men in the realm of women than it used to be a glass half full and inclusive attitude began to improve her appearance are also men, and well in yourself. Investing a lot of time and money to their appearance to describe behavior. Furthermore, workers men to appearance factor for the career achievement, such as promotion or salary competitiveness is gradually spreading awareness of social life on whose behalf the men. The halo effect for a positive image formation and desirable looks to be. A Study on the self-wor Second, the higher the self-esteem of psychologically stable social approval of the important aesthetic of clothing, is less dependent on increased manageability and clothing. The study by analysis of the self respect persimmon and appearance for his own body satisfaction and a high correlation study and OK. Interpersonal and that a significant impact on the formation.Be an important competitive appearance for both boys and girls in modern society, and highlight the importance of enhancing their appearance. Administrative activity is considered traditionally feminine behavior and appearance, almost all female is subject of a consumer market is continuing, and recognition, but since the 1990s.Gender role stereotypes and women's social activity due to changes in status and role of men and women affected. Accordingly, the men in the realm of women than it used to be a glass half full and inclusive attitude began to improve her appearance are also men, and well in yourself. Investing a lot of time and money to their appearance to describe behavior. Furthermore, workers men to appearance factor for the career achievement, such as promotion or salary competitiveness is gradually spreading awareness of social life on whose behalf the men. The halo effect for a positive image formation and desirable looks to be. A Study on the self-wor Second, the higher the self-esteem of psychologically stable social approval of the important aesthetic of clothing, is less dependent on increased manageability and clothing. The study by analysis of the self respect persimmon and appearance for his own body satisfaction and a high correlation study and OK. Interpersonal and that a significant impact on the formation.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.42-59
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• 2014

Han Pilgyo (1807~1878) was a scholar-official in the later period of the Joseon Dynasty. The research results on spatial structure and landscape techniques of the central government office reviewed through the Sukcheonjeado(宿踐諸衙圖) album collection edited by Han Pilgyo are as follows. First, Sukcheonjeado(宿踐諸衙圖) using Sabangjeondomyobeob(四方顚倒描法, a Korean traditional drawing type) is uniquely proven historical data which helps to understand the spatial structure of the center and local government offices and the characteristics of cultural landscape. Secondly, the central government office located in Yookcho(六曹) Street which is the outside Gwanghwamun(光化門) of the Main Palace(Gyeongbokgung, 景福宮) of the Joseon Dynasty has a center facility(Dangsangdaecheong, 堂上大廳) and attached buildings which are distributed from high to low or from left to right, according to its order of presidency in square-shaped portion of land. The main building was located facing south and by considering the administrative convenience, the environmental effect and the practice of Confucian norms this structure reflects a hierarchical landuse system. Thirdly, the main buildings such as Dangsangdaecheong and Hyangcheong(鄕廳), which are the working place for government officials had large square front yards for constructing a practical patio garden. The back garden was tended to reflect the meaning landscape, with such as pond and pavilion. A particular point was the repeated crossing of active space and passive space(movement and stillness, building and yard, yard and garden), which implements the Yin-Yang principle. Fourth, the characteristics that can be extracted from the central government office landscapes are (1) expandability of outdoor space, connects of front gardens, emphasizes the characteristic of serviceable gardens and back gardens, which in turn emphasizes scenic sides, (2) introduction of water features(square-shaped ponds) that can be used as fire-water and considers environmental-amenity and landscape characteristics, (3) introduction of pavilions for relaxation, mental and physical discipline, and the development of back gardens, (4) significance of Jeongsimsoo(庭心樹) in such things as selection of concise landscape plants like lotus, willow, pine, zelkova and so on, and limited plant introduction, (5) environmental design techniques which set importance on not only aesthetics and ideality but also practical value. Thus, these aspects of the government office landscape can be said to be the universality and particularity of Korean traditional landscape technique and can be extracted similarly in the palaces, temples, lecture halls, and houses of the upper class of the Joseon Dynasty.