• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.22-30
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• 2021

According to the OECD's interim report on Korean education analysis held in 2020, the presenter, Andreas Schleicher, director of education for the OECD, said, "Korean students show a lot of fear, anxiety and nervousness about failure", referring to how Korean students feel anxious even if their test scores are good. It is a simple example, but as mentioned in a recent education announcement, it is a common sight among Korean students, and it is easily experienced while receiving education. As Korea has a high level of interest and enthusiasm for nurturing human resources, various methods must be considered and studied, and solutions to current problems, improvements, and directions for development is encouraged to be presented. This paper considered the methods for innovation of a learning space to improve the quality of school education, and systematically analyzed and organized the effects and impacts of providing a green environment among the methods and means. It is hoped that this study can serve as a small solution and play its role in solving the social problems of complex aspects of students presented previously.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-76
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• 2022

Identifying the factors that influence the formation of the entrepreneurial intention is important in cultivating entrepreneurs and inducing entrepreneurial innovation in the country. Previous studies have mainly examined the direct effects of social cognition attributes as predictors on entrepreneurial intentions or entrepreneurial activities. However, the fundamental factors that these social cognition attributes are derived from have not been sufficiently addressed in the field of entrepreneurship. Based on social cognitive theory and schema theory, this study assumes that an individual's entrepreneurial experience is an important antecedent factor in forming social cognitive attributes, and reveals the mechanism for how experience forms entrepreneurial intention. To this end, this study analyzes the influence of entrepreneurs' prior experience of entrepreneurial activities on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, opportunity recognition, and fear of failure which are considered to be the main variables that shape entrepreneurial intention. And it analyzes how these factors have a significant effect on entrepreneurship intention. Along with this, the mediating role of these social cognitive attributes is analyzed in order to understand the path that leads from entrepreneurial experience to entrepreneurial intention. This study also suggests how gender moderates the effect of entrepreneurship experience on social cognitive attributes. As a result of the analysis, it was found that entrepreneurial experience increase entrepreneurial self-efficacy and opportunity recognition of entrepreneurs, and decrease the fear of failure. These social perception attribute significantly mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial intention. This study also found that there are significant moderating effects of gender on the relationship of entrepreneurial experience and both of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and fear of failure. This study also analyzed the impact of the entrepreneurial experience of failure, which corresponds to the detailed experience. Similar to the results of entrepreneurial experience analysis, entrepreneurial experience of failure plays a role in enhancing entrepreneurial self-efficacy. However, its effect on opportunity recognition and fear of failure were not significant. An empirical analysis of data related to 25,047 entrepreneurs from 87 countries, using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), shows the differences in the formation of individuals' entrepreneurial intentions according to entrepreneurial experience and the mediating role of social cognitive attributes. The study has embodied the social cognitive theory on entrepreneurial intention by shedding light on the variables that are important but alienated for increasing entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, the study enhances the understanding of cognitive processes leading from individual experiences to entrepreneurial intentions. This study also emphasizes the importance of differentiated approach by gender for boosting entrepreneurial intention through analysis of moderating effect of gender.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.25-38
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• 2011

본 연구는 방글라데시의 친환경농업 실태와 농업인들의 인식을 바탕으로 친환경농업 개발에 대한 정부의 역할과 정책적 대안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구 자료는 방글라데시 탕가일 지역의 농업인을 대상으로 유기농가 100가구와 일반농가 100가구를 무작위로 추출하여 설문조사를 통하여 수집되었다. 인구 과밀의 방글라데시 정부는 식량안보를 위하여 지력 저하 및 환경악화를 방지하고자 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 즉 지속 가능한 농업개발을 위하여 통합해충관리(IPM), 통합작물 관리(ICM)를 비롯하여 토양의 비옥도 개선, 페로몬트랩이나 자연 천적을 이용한 해충방제 등 다양한 프로그램을 운영하고 있다. 농업인들의 의견 조사에 따르면 친환경농업에 대한 정부의 역할은 긍정적으로 평가하고 있으나 정책이나 관련 프로그램은 아직 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 일반농가인 경우 극히 소수 농가만이 친환경농업을 실행하고 있는데, 이는 관련기술에 대한 지식의 부족과 유기농 비료 등의 자재 부족이 친환경농업을 실행하는데 가장 큰 어려움이라 지적하고 있다. 일반농가의 39%는 유기농업 의사를 보이고 있지만 마케팅시설의 부족과 농사 실패에 대한 두려움 등을 유기농으로 전환하지 못하는 주요 이유로 들고 있다. 일반농가의 일부(17%)만이 정부의 농업교육 프로그램임인 통합해충관리(IPM)과정을 이수하고 있다. 정부의 유기농 정책은 거의 전무하며 NGO들의 지원에 의하여 꾸준하게 진행되고 있을 뿐이다. 따라서 농업인들은 통합해충관리(IPM), 유기농 퇴비, 페로몬트랩이나 자연 천적 등 매우 다양한 농민교육프로그램들을 정부 주도적으로 실시하여야 하며 친환경농업정책을 보다 명확하게 규정하기를 요구하고 있다. 비교적 젊고 교육수준이 높은 소규모 농업인들이 유기농에 적극적임을 알 수 있다. 유기농의 평균 농지규모는 0.246ha, 유기농 평균 경력은 7.63년, 일반농가대비 농가수입은 11.4% 높게 나타났고 비교적 소농들이 높은 수익률을 보이고 있다. 소비자의 신뢰, 마케팅시설, 생산자단체나 조직의 부족 등이 유기농가들의 가장 큰 애로점이 되고 있고, 유기농산품의 표준화를 위하여 정부의 인증제도와 인증기관 설립이 필요함을 지적하고 있다. 유기농을 보다 활성화하기 위해서는 정부 주도하에 마케팅을 비롯하여 교육, 수출 및 각종 장려책 등이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

There are many people who start business because of unstable employment due to income polarization. There are many people who start business because of unstable this study is to present the necessary situation and direction for the prospective founders who are hesitant to start their own business by lacking self - confidence and information about Preparing for start-up the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of pre - founder's psychological characteristics and start - up preparation characteristics on entrepreneurship intention. In order to conduct this study, 144 male and 114 female who were temporary workers and about to retire were analyzed for validity and reliability using 258 questionnaires. As a result of analyzing the adjustment effect of entrepreneurship education as an interaction term in the psychological characteristics and the preparation characteristics of the entrepreneurship, the risk taking tendency and the preparation period for entrepreneurship were significant for entrepreneurship education. In addition, the greater the necessity and importance of entrepreneurship education, the greater the effect on entrepreneurship education. It is a meaningful study that can give confidence to the subjects who want to start a business but are afraid of failure. This study is expected to contribute to the government's start - up policy by analyzing the influence of pre - founders on the intention of start - up.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.35
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• pp.203-227
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• 2017

In this thesis, I examined the characteristics of modernism in this work, focusing on the melodrama "Sarang ye soggo donye wulgo(means 'Crying in Love and Crying for Money')", which was popular in the 30s when the consciousness of modernity was overflowing. There has never been an example of a connection between modernism and drama in the 1930s. The characteristic of modernism is clearly embedded in the representative drama of "Sarang ye soggo donye wulgo(means 'Crying in Love and Crying for Money')" at that time. In the title "Sarang ye soggo donye wulgo(means 'Crying in Love and Crying for Money')". 'Don' reveals modern elements. 'Love' can be seen as revealing melodramatic elements. The flair of modern art, which is a background to reveal modern elements, is spread throughout the works. Hongdo fails to complete the relationship with his family, as well as with the couple. It became a person who accepted the modernistic phenomenon by showing the domination of matter. While the typical method of constructing conflicts in the pre-modern narrative works is horizontal and sequential, it can be said that it was in the form of a train station, while the post-modern era of narrative conflict formation from the 30s forms a plurality of conflicts simultaneously, can do. The fear of the ordinary people who see the reality that urban and western values are already rampant by attempting new contents that lead the change of values in "Sarang ye soggo donye wulgo(means 'Crying in Love and Crying for Money')" became a factor to transfer into internal conflict again.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.45-51
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• 2022

Fear of contact exists due to the prevention of the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. When using the common entrance door of an apartment, access is possible only if the resident enters a password or obtains the resident's permission. There is the inconvenience of having to manually enter the number and password for the common entrance door to enter. Also, contactless entry is required due to COVID-19. Due to the development of ICT, users can be easily identified through the development of face recognition and voice recognition technology. The proposed method detects a visitor's face through a CCTV or camera attached to the common entrance door, recognizes the face, and identifies it as a registered resident. Then, based on the registered information of the resident, it is possible to operate without contact by interworking with the elevator on the server. In particular, if face recognition fails with a hat or mask, the visitor is identified by voice or additional authentication of the visitor is performed based on the voice message. It is possible to block the spread of contagiousness without leaving any contactless function and fingerprint information when entering and exiting the front door of an apartment house, and without the inconvenience of access.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.95-104
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• 2022

This study aims to find out the influence of the intolerance of uncertainty on entrepreneurial intention by focusing on the start-up support system awareness. While most of existing studies focused on the positive psychological variables and individual environmental characteristics influencing on the entrepreneurial intention, this study has taken a look at the influence of the intolerance of uncertainty as the psychological variable to the entrepreneurial intention to negatively act on the entrepreneurial intention. As a result of the analysis, the intolerance of uncertainty under the control of entrepreneurship and gender is shown to have the negative (-) influence on the entrepreneurial intention and has high level of recognition on the start-up support system perception, and the start-up support system perception is confirmed to have positive (+) influence on the entrepreneurial intention. And, it also indicates that, with respect to the influence of the intolerance of uncertainty on the entrepreneurial intention, the start-up support system perception has the partial medium effect. Following this result of the study, it provides following indications: First the existing studies on the entrepreneurial intention had not covered the intolerance of uncertainty but it is confirmed as the psychological variable with negative influence on the entrepreneurial intention. Second, it is feasible for the preliminary start-up businesses may turn the fear on start-up failure into positive entrepreneurial intention with the start-up support system perception as the leading vehicle. And, third, based on the result, the government should enhance the start-up support system perception even more by seeking ways of efficient publicity to enable more preliminary start-up businesses to participate in diverse start-up support policies. Lastly, it discusses the limitations of this study as well as proposal for ensuing study plans.

• Atmosphere
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.489-497
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• 2012

Recently released a top secret document explicitly shows that the early development plan for an earth observation satellite in the USA has a hidden and more important purpose for a concept of 'free space' than the scientific purpose. At that time, the hidden and secret concept imbedded within the early space development plan prevail other national policies of the USA government for purpose of the national security. Under these circumstances, it is quite reasonable to accept a possibility that the meteorological satellites which play a key role in the every area of meteorology and climatology was also born for the hidden purposes. Even it is so, it is quite amazing that the first meteorological satellite is launched in the USA despite of the facts that the major users of the meteorological satellites were not very enthusiastic with the meteorological satellite and the program was not started as a formal meteorological satellite project. This was only possible because of the external socio-political impact caused by the successful launch of the Russian Sputnik satellite and a few key policy developers who favored the meteorological satellite program. It is also interesting to note that the beginning of the first Korean meteorological satellite program was initiated by a similar socio-political influence occurred by the launch of a North Korean satellite.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.45-60
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the influence of middle-aged office workers' entrepreneurial competency and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition on entrepreneurial intention by mediating entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. Sub-variables of entrepreneurial competency were classified into prior knowledge, positive attitude, and social network. For the empirical analysis of this study, an online survey using Naver Office was conducted for about 15 days (February 6, 2023 - February 20, 2023) targeting office workers across the country who are interested in starting a business, and a total of 262 copies were collected and missing values. For 250 copies excluding 12 copies, SPSS Ver.24.0 and PROCESS MACRO Model 4.0 were used for empirical analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, the higher the prior knowledge of the founder's individual competency, social network, and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, the higher the entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, it was found that the positive attitude among entrepreneurs' individual competencies did not affect entrepreneurship opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention. In addition, the magnitude of the influence on entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention was in the order of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, prior knowledge, and social network. This is because the positive attitude of middle-aged office workers towards start-up has a negative image of start-up due to the shrinking start-up environment due to COVID-19, fear of failure due to lack of preparation for start-up, and successive cases of start-up failure due to cognitive bias errors due to overconfidence. implying that there is Second, it was found that the evaluation of entrepreneurship opportunities had a significant positive (+) effect on entrepreneurial intention in a situation where the entrepreneur's individual competency and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition were controlled. Third, the startup opportunity evaluation was shown to mediate between the prior knowledge of the entrepreneur's individual competency, social network and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, and entrepreneurial intention, but it did not mediate between positive attitude and entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, among the factors influencing entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition was found to be larger than founder's individual competency, confirming the importance of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Fifth, it was found that prior knowledge and network, which are individual capabilities of the founder, affect the evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial intention, so that strengthening entrepreneurship education to recognize the importance of cultivating prior entrepreneurial knowledge and experience can revitalize middle-aged office workers' entrepreneurship. confirmed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 2015

The mentoring program, conducted as part of an entrepreneurship education program by the Business Incubator, has been acknowledged to help entrepreneurs feel less anxious and fearful of embarking on new business endeavors and the possibility of failure and gain a positive view toward starting new businesses. For this reason, the investment into and the contents of the program have been reinforced. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the effects of mentoring functions on the improvement of the entrepreneurial mindset of young entrepreneurs and verify the moderating effect of the start-up preparation period between the mentoring functions and start-up competence as a means to analyze the interaction effect of the business start-up preparation period between the mentoring functions and entrepreneurship. For the purpose of this study, the SPSS 18.0 statistical program was used to perform validity, reliability and hierarchical factor analyses of the survey data obtained from 156 subjects, who took part in the entrepreneurship mentoring program. The results of the analyses showed that the mentoring functions had a positive impact on the progressiveness and risk-taking aspects of entrepreneurship and a negative impact on innovativeness. On the other hand, the business start-up preparation period had a significant moderating effect between the mentoring functions and the progressiveness and risk-taking aspects. Based on these results, it was deemed that while the mentoring functions efficiently improved the progressive and risk-taking characteristics of potential entrepreneurs, they were not efficient in improving their innovativeness. Also, the application of the entrepreneurship mentoring program according to the start-up preparation period had an interaction effect in which the progressiveness and risking-taking aspects of entrepreneurship were improved. Based on these findings, a proposal was made in regard to the development of a tailored mentoring program that reflects the various characteristics of the entrepreneurs and their start-up preparation periods as a means to improve their entrepreneurial mindset.