• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.700-703
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• 2010

일반적으로 구조부재의 안전성 평가는 계측된 센서의 변형률로부터 부재의 최대응력 또는 부재력 수준을 결정하고 설계기준에 의한 부재의 허용응력 또는 설계 강도와의 비교에 의해서 이루어진다. 그러나 이러한 설계기준은 건물의 설계단계에서 미리 가정된 하중 및 부재의 강도에 대한 여러 확률분포 또는 안전율을 반영하여 작성된 것으로 실질적으로 센서로부터 측정한 데이터를 직접 설계기준에 반영하는 것은 합리적이지 못하다. 본 연구에서는 실제 센서로부터 측정되는 변형률을 이용하여 합리적으로 구조부재의 안전성 평가를 수행하기 위한 방법을 모색하고자 한다. 설계기준을 고려한 변형률 제한치, 저감계수가 도입되었으며 이에 추가적으로 센서와 관련한 계수를 도입하여 구조부재의 안전성 평가를 위한 방향을 제시한다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.143-166
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• 2011

This paper describes the characteristics and outline of rules of origin among Korea and USA, EU, ASEAN. The main focus of this paper is to conduct comparative analysis on rules of origin. Rules of origin are used to determine the country of origin of a product for purposes of international trade. There are two common types of rules of origin depending upon application, the preferential and non-preferential rules of origin Non-preferential rules of origin are used to determine the country of origin for certain purposes. The basis for the non-preferential rules originates from the Kyoto convention which states that if a product is wholly obtained or produced completely within one country the product shall be deemed having origin in that country. For a product which has been produced in more than one country, the product shall be determined to have origin in the country where the last substantial transformation took place. To determine exactly what was the last substantial transformation, three general rules are applied : Change of tariff classification(on any level, though 4-digit level is the most common), Value added-rule.(ad-valorem), and Specific process rule. While criteria of wholly obtained or produced in one country is almost similar to those of theses area and countries, in compliance with value percentages of Substantial Transformation, sufficient working or processing, Korea-US FTA adapts 'Regional Value Content', meanwhile Korea-EU FTA adapts 'Import Content' rule. Finally, Korea-US FTA and ASEAN FTA adapt FOB price for the calculation value added, on the other hand Korea-EU FTA adapts EXW price.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.31-66
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• 2011

The main issue in Korean debates over genetically modified (GM) foods have been government's responsibility to guarantee consumers' right-to-know and make informed choice. Counter-experts' critique over the current regulatory processes based upon substantial equivalence have not been widely publicized. Through interviews and textual analysis, this paper explored three groups' performances in Korean GM food controversies-regulatory scientists, civil society organizations, and counter-experts. Analytic focus was made upon how each of the groups interact with current GM food regulations. While making conflicts with regulatory scientists and their 'discourse of compliance with global standards,' counter-experts were excluded from regulatory processes. This article suggests that the processes and contexts in which counter-experts failed to form strong alliance with other groups need to be examined in order to further understand the specific contours of Korean GM food controversies.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.391-416
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to provide an ideal agreement proposal for the satisfactory settlement of FTA origin criteria negotiations, which will be the most severe issue in both inter-governmental FTA negotiations to begin in the near future. Towards this end, we, the authors, based on our nine FTA related agreements already concluded with other countries, researched the concrete origin criteria in the previous origin agreements, analyzed the characteristics of these agreements, and derived the ideal origin rule. As a result, we came to the conclusion that in consideration of Korea and China's FTA's substantial transformation test, it's better to choose any one criterion from the following. Criterion 1: CTH (Change of Heading) and Criterion 2: Value Added Criteria by 40% within region. In addition, we also did that in calculating the ratio of value added, the calculation method and price criteria should be more simple and standardized. It led to the conclusion that the objective deduction method should be used mainly and that CIF or FOB should be used as the price criterion.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.203-218
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• 2007

The purpose of this article is to set up the scientific and reasonable norm of location and service area determination instead of the pro-administrative lacking availability, so as to propose more practical and reasonable standard of space unit for the location of facilities. This article has accepted the method of Voronoi Diagram as a new scientific and reasonable criteria. The article chooses and realizes a model that can propose a new service area, transform and apply to improve its reality, and assesses which has more reality and compatibility by comparing the models. The result from this procedure can be adapted in objectification of the service area determination and formation of the standard space unit.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.4-17
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• 2014

The more income and free time people have, the more interest in cultural heritage they get to improve the quality of life. In light of this, Local governments put more effort to create colorful events using their cultural heritage resources, and the central government also starts to implement policies to enhance the value of cultural heritage. To keep those efforts on utilizing cultural heritage, however, several issues seem to be addressed in advance. Firstly, it needs to define the concept of cultural heritage utilization that could cover its current policy trend. Secondly, the utilization methodology should be categorized and classified. Therefore, the study for those issues should be carried out to utilize the cultural heritage efficiently and systematically. This study contains the current status of the relevant policies and projects; the trend and meaning of the utilization. And, in this study, the cultural heritage utilization was defined as all activities producing positive effects or influences by cultural heritage such as enjoying cultural heritage values and creating additional profits. Furthermore, the cultural heritage utilization was categorized according to several criteria; the value, the objective, and the type of cultural heritage utilization. Finally, the final part of the study includes proposals on the future policy direction of cultural heritage utilization.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.188-201
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• 2019

In the past, food additives were classified and managed as chemical synthetic and natural additives according to the manufacturing process, but it was difficult to confirm the purpose or function of food additives.CODEX, an internationalstandard, classifies food additives according to their practical use, based on scientific evidence on the technical effects of food additives, instead of classifying them as synthetic or natural. Therefore, very recently, the food additive standards in Korea have been completely revised in accordance with these global trends. Currently, the classification system of food additives is divided into 31 uses to specify their functions and purposes instead of manufacturing methods. Newer revision of the legislative framework for defining and expanding the scope of the Act as an enlarged area is required. Competition for preempting new food products based on bio-based technology is very fierce in order to enhance the safety of domestic people and maximize the economic profit of their own countries. In this age of infinite competition, it is very urgent to revise or supplement the current regulations in order to revitalize the domestic food industry and enhance national competitiveness through the development of food additives using new biotechnology. In this report, current laws on domestic food ingredients, food additives and manufacturing methods, and a comparison of domestic and foreign advanced countries' regulations and countermeasures strategies were reviewed to improve national competitiveness of domestic advanced biotechnology-based food additives industry.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2007

Purpose : The objective of this study is to observe high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of lung parenchyme in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants between the corrected age of 38-42 weeks who were treated with oxygen after birth, and to compare them to the clinical severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods : The lungs of fourty-four VLBW infants with gestational ages of less than 32 weeks and birth weights of less than 1,500 g who were treated with oxygen after birth were examined using HRCT taken when the corrected age was between 38-42 weeks. Common findings among the infants and the frequency of their occurrences were noted. Total CT scores obtained by the summation of air trapping and actelectasis scores and the ratio of bronchus-to-pulmonary artery diameter were used to quantitatively evaluate HRCT findings and correlate them with the clinical severity of BPD as defined by Jobe-Bancalari diagnostic criteria. Results : 1) The most common findings in HRCT images of the lungs were air trapping (56%), atelectasis (70.5%), linear opacity (77%), and distortion of the bronchopulmonary bundle (65.9%). These findings were more commonly observed in infants with BPD in a mixed pattern than those without (P<0.05). However, abnormal findings were also found in HRCT images of some infants without BPD. In infants with BPD, air trapping, atelectasis and total CT scores were higher than those without BPD. Also infants with BPD had a lower bronchus-to-pulmonary artery diameter than those without BPD (P<0.05). 2) The total CT scores (r=0.799, P<0.0001) and the ratio of bronchus-to-pulmonary artery diameter (r=0.576, P<0.0001) showed a linear correlation with the clinical severity of BPD. Conclusion : HRCT findings in VLBW infants between the corrected age of 38-42 weeks who had been treated with oxygen after birth are useful in revealing pathologic changes in the lung parenchyme and show a good correlation with the clinical severity of BPD.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.22-22
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• 2003

원자로에서 핵분열에 의해 생성된 고에너지 중성자는 감속재를 통해 열평형에 의해 에너지가 낮춰져 통계적 분포, 즉 Maxwell-Boltzman 운동에 따른 에너지 스펙트림을 갖게 된다. 중성자 산란장치는 통상 단색빔을 이용하므로 단색기(monochiomator)를 통해 이 분포에서 특정 파장의 중성자빔을 인출, 즉 단색화한다. 이때 단색기는 각각의 중성자 산란장치에 사용할 수 있는 특정 파장의 중성자빔을 인출하면서도, 파장의 퍼짐을 적절하게 조절하여 높은 중성자속(neutron flux)을 가지며 분해능도 또한 좋아야 한다. 전통적으로 많이 사용하는 단색화 방법은 결정의 내부결함을 유도하여 만든 모자익(mosaic) 결정을 이용하는 것이다. 이 방법은 특정 파장을 얻으면서도 좋은 분해능과 높은 중성자속을 갖는 모자익 결정을 만들기가 어렵고, 한번 결정된 단색기의 특성을 바꿀 수 없는 단점이 있다. 1980년대부터 몇몇 그룹이 거의 완전하게 성장된 단결정 슬랩을 미세하게 구부려서 탄성변형을 주어 effective 모자익 구조를 발생시킨 '구부린 완전결정(bent perfect crystal, BPC)' 단색기를 개발하여 특정 목적에 활용하는 시도를 하였다. BPC 단색기는 단색화된 중성자빔을 집속(focusing)할 수 있으며, 결정의 구부림 정도를 조절하고 배치 기하를 바꿈으로써 다양한 특성을 갖는 단색빔을 얻을 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이렇게 단색기의 기하학적 변수를 조절함으로써 회절빔의 집속도와 분해능을 조절할 수 있어서 잔류응력 측정이나 단결정 회절 및 집합조직 측정장치 등에 적용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 BPC 단색기의 원리와 여러 배치기하에 따른 빔의 특성을 소개하고자 한다.빔이 시료와 상호 작용하는 면적과 상호작용하지 않을 때의 빔을 회절모드에서 faraday cup으로 측정한 빔전류로 부터 계산하였다. Gibbsite에 대한 전자빔 조사 시 1분 이내에 급격한 Hydroxyl Ion(OH-)의 이탈로 인해 Cibbsite의 구조는 거시적 비정질화가 되며 시간증가에 따라 χ-alumina → ν-alumina → σ-alumina or δ-alumina의 순으로 상전이를 겪는다. 전자빔 조사 시 관찰된 회절자료의 가시적 변화를 통해 illumination angle 1.25mrad(Dose rate : 334 × 10³ e/sup -//sec·n㎡)일 경우 약 3초 이내에 비정질화가 시작됨을 알 수 있었고 이는 약 1 × 10/sup 6/ e/sup -//sec·n㎡ 의 전자선량에 해당되며 이를 기준으로 각각의 illumination angle에 대한 임계전자선량을 평가할 수 있었다. 실질적으로 Cibbsite와 같은 무기수화물의 직접가열실험 시 전자빔 조사에 의해 야기되는 상전이 영향을 배제하고 실험을 수행하려면 illumination angle 0.2mrad (Dose rate : 8000 e/sup -//sec·n㎡)이하로 관찰하고 기록되어야 함을 본 자료로부터 알 수 있었다.운동횟수에 의한 영향으로써 운동시간을 1일 6시간으로 설정하여, 운동횟수를 결정하기 위하여 오전, 오후에 각 3시간씩 운동시키는 방법과 오전부터 6시간동안 운동시키는 두 방법을 이용하여 품질을 비교하였다. 각 조건에 따라 운동시킨 참돔의 수분함량을 나타낸 것으로, 2회(오전 3시간, 오후 3시간)에 나누어서 운동시키기 위한 육의 수분함량은 73.37±2.02%를 나타냈으며, 1회(6시간 운

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.205-216
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• 2019

Today, there have been more museums with architectural freeform structure. From an academic perspective, that caused a change in the paradigm of the genealogy of architectural forms. Accordingly, it has been required to find whether the freeform architecture influences an exhibition space. Therefore, in order to analyze the correlation between freeform architecture and exhibition space, this study looks into the tendency of actual freeform architecture through case analysis after 2000. An exhibition space of museum serves as a socially, culturally, and locally symbolic icon and has the function of delivering information to viewers through the aesthetic presentation of articles on exhibition. This study is meaningful in the point that it drew the conclusion of the correlation between freeform architecture and exhibition space in order to infer that a freeform exhibition space is more effective at viewers' spatial experience. The method and results of this study are presented as follows: Firstly, literature survey on the concept of the freerform architecture of museum and the classification of architectural forms was conducted and previous studies were analyzed in order to establish criteria. Secondly, a case study was conducted through visits to Singapore, Germany, and the Netherlands in order to look into the current state and characteristics of freeform architecture and exhibition space. In this case, Karel Vollers' architectural freeform criteria were used for analysis. Thirdly, to prove the correlation between freeform architecture and exhibition space, each case was cross-checked on the basis of Karel Vollers' architectural freeform criteria and freeform exhibition classification, and then results were drawn. The study results are presented as follows: Firstly, EX(angle, ortho) of freeform architecture had a significant correlation with the diagonal form of exhibition space. That was proved 92.3% accurately more in the Netherlands and Germany than in Singapore. However, the curve form of exhibition space had a unclear correlation. In Singapore case, the curve form correlation was made through RO, FR, and TW. Secondly, freeform architecture had complex-typed combination with the diagonal and curve forms of exhibition space. In particular, N-02 and G-02 had a combination form, basically EX, and partially various forms so as to induce the complexity of free form. As such, architectural freeform makes it possible to achieve infinite transformation in various combinations. For responses, combinational approaches are required in multilateral ways. Based on this study, it will be planned to analyze the correlation between freeform architecture of museum and exhibition presentation.