• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.102-105
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.258-267
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to present improvement devices of urban center's green function in the Public Open Space Attached Building(P.O.S.) in Incheon, Korea. Study sites were the P.O.S. of office building(10 place), transportation facility building(3 places), government office building(2 places) that were made up 1994∼2002 and analyzed establishment, using and planting status. And P.O.S.'s planting area structure of Osaka and Kawasaki in Japan that is operating P.O.S. system similar to Korea was compared with study sites of Incheon. P.O.S. of Incheon is not managing as valuable urban center's green and establishing to satisfy legal requirement. The strengthening devices of P.O.S. function are as follows. First, it is desirable that planting area rate of P.O.S. in order to develop small park in urban center is increasing by 40% that is children's park level. Second, it must be conferred about planting basis, tree selection and planting method etc. of P.O.S. with green and park development department at building authorization. Third, by the 'landscape planting standard of plottage' that is becoming planting standard of P.O.S is heightened and must increase quality and amount of green. Fourth, it is required mandatory establishing of sign so that citizens can search easily and utilize of P.O.S. Fifth, legal regulation should be decided to prevent that P.O.S. is used unlike purpose originally.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.88-103
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• 2019

This paper aims to identify planting design for the renewal of Okgu Park, located in Siheung, Gyeonggi-do. I designate planting concept fit spatial functions and also suggest planting designs that are proper for a growth environment. The spatial functions of the research site are divided on the basis of the park facilities, its surroundings, and usage. To understand the planting concept, this paper looks into the distribution of plant species and the precise planting structure. To understand the planting concept and the current usage of shade space in the park, I examine the distribution of plant species and the precise planting structure. There are 48 kinds of plants, with Zoysia japonica area (28.84%), Prunus yedoensis (8.0%), Pinus thunbergii (6.73%) and Zelkova serrata (6.38%) taking up the majority. 27 places were chosen for researching the precise planting structure. The research shows that the average green coverage ratio is 38.14% and the average green capacity coefficient is $0.72m^3/m^2$. The growth defective rate of trees in the shade areas is estimated by averaging the classified growth conditions of individual trees per block of shade areas. Areas with an inferior environment for growth and low spatial usage in Okgu Park are selected as subjects for planting design. After comparing the spatial functions with planting concepts and analyzing the growth of plants, I identify $36,236m^2$ areas with inferior growth condition. I also examine structures and the surrounding areas to find areas that require urgent planting improvement, specifically identifying landscape space and shade space around the fountain and the buffer space nearby the North gate. I rearrange spatial functions in the selected areas to devise a planting design considering the existing vegetation, layer structure, and its usage. I set the planting concept and direction to improve the landscape of the selected areas through implementing a planting design so the park users can be satisfied with each space.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.446-453
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• 2012

This study estimated how much carbon can be sequestered if we plant trees in non-forested areas in the 36 hole Oak Valley Golf Courses in Gangwon Province, Korea. We identified plantable areas where planting trees will not affect golf game using high resolution aerial photography and ground survey and estimated the annual carbon sequestration rate of the planted trees using biomass equations. Of the golf courses, 30.3% were covered by forest. Other major land cover types include lawn, waterbody, baresoil, buildings, and roads. The plantable areas consist of $106,101m^2$ of lawn (6.0% of the study site) and $177,531m^2$ of low density forest (10.1% of the study site). We assumed to plant Mongolian oaks with 10 cm in diameter at brest height with the density of $0.3/m^2$ in the lawn and $0.2/m^2$ in the low density forest. The planting simulation shows that the total number of the newly planted trees were 67,336, and the total carbon sequestered during the subsequent year was 392.9 tC/yr, which offset 12.5% of the total carbon emitted from the golf courses. The annual carbon sequestration rate gradually increases and reaches its maximum level at 440.5 tC/yr in 15 years since the initial reforestation (14.0% of the carbon emission from the golf courses).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 1980

One of the most important basic problems for developing the new techniques in the field of road landscape planting practices in Korea, is to clarify, analyse, and evaluate the existing technical level through actual field survey on the various kinds of planting techniques. This study is, therefore, aimed at the good grasp of detail essences of the existing level of road landscape planting techniques through field investigations of the executed sites. In this study, emphasized efforts are made to the detail analysis and systematic rearrangements of such main subjects as; 1) principles and functions of the road landscape planting techniques; 2) essential elements in planning of it; 3) advanced practices in execution of planting of it; 4) and improved methods in maintenance of plants and lands as an entire system of road landscape planting techniques. The road landscape planting techniques could be explained as the planting and landscaping practices to improve the road function through introduction of plants (green-environment) on and around the roads. The importances of these techniques have been recognized by the landscape architects and road engineers, and they also emphasize not on]y the establishment of road landscape features but also conservation of human's life environment by planting of suitable trees, shrubs, and other vegetations around the roads. It is essentially required to improve the present p]anting practices for establishment of the beautiful road landscape features, specially in planning, design, execution, establishment, and maintenance of plantings of the environmental conservation belts, roadside trees, footpathes, median strips, traffic islands, interchanges, rest areas, and including the adjoining route roads.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.236-248
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• 2004

This study was carried out to propose improvement planting method by the research and analysis of planting concept, planting density, planting style and pattern in apartment complex, Seoul. Survey sites were selected by reflecting the change of green area ratio : Hawgok Jugong apartment complex, Gangseo-gu(1974), Samik-green apartment complex, Gangdong-gu(1980), Dongsindaea apartment complex, Gangseo-gu(1992). Green area in apartment complex was classified with front green area, side green area, and back-side green area. Planting concept that composed of landscape planting concept but anyother concept was not, was similar to all sites not differ from creation time. And planted species was not differ from planting style. Planting density was of both conopyㆍunder story layer was 0.0∼0.2 tree/$m^2$, and that of shrub layer was 0.0∼0.5 tree/$m^2$ Shrub layer planting density was insufficient and the density was not changed according to the creation time. Canopyㆍunderstory and shrub was planted to another green space, not concern with multi-layer structure. Planting pattern was utilized to single planting, linear planting, and random triangle planting, but it was not to the change that in each green space planting concept. Green area in apartment complex should be variety according to planting density, planting structure and planting pattern. And we should get the function of covering and beauty in case of front green space, that of ecological environment and increasing green volume in case of back-side green area, that of increasing green volume in case of side green area, apartment complex.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1996

The planting pattern of Seoul street tree could be divided into six patterns, that was, one row, double row, median strip type and bicycle road type. The protection facilities of installed street tree was inadequate, because it was so small and weak. Recently, the growth rate of street tree in Seoul was decreasing because of air pollution. Strong alkali soil proved to be inappropriate for the growth of street tree. Soil hardness of treepit equipped with treegrill was lower than unequipped one. From the analysis of correlation between the growth environments of street tree, we could conclude that the vitality of street tree are proportioned to the distance from the center of Seoul. The way of improvement for physiological growth and increase of street tree were as follows; establishment reform of street facilities, the installation of protection equipment, continuous and systematic management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.57-59
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• 2018

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.941-945
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• 2007

도시하천에서 환경적 기능이 중요성을 더해가면서 복단면의 홍수터에 교목이 식재 되어지는 경우가 있다. 그러나 식생은 하천의 흐름저항을 크게 하고 통수능을 감소시켜 수위상승이나 국부적인 유속 증가를 유발할 수 있으므로 하천에 식생대를 조성하거나 향후 관리를 위해서는 식재로 인해 변화되는 수리학적 특성들을 이해하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 하천복원의 주 대상이 될 수 있는 도시하천의 홍수터에 교목의 식재 가능성을 알아보기 위해 수리실험을 실시하였다. 실험수로는 우리나라 도시하천의 대부분이 홍수터를 갖는 복단면임을 고려하여 복단면 형태로 제작하였으며, 실험은 길이 16 m, 폭 0.8 m, 높이 0.9 m이고 벽면이 아크릴로 된 직사각형 가변 경사 개수로 실험 장치를 이용하였다. 수로경사는 0.5 %, 실험 식생의 밀도는 4.4 %로 고정하고, 실험유량을 $0.03{\sim}0.04\;m^3/s$, 수심(h)과 홍수터 폭(w)의 비(h/w)를 1.2, 1.7, 2.2로 변화시키면서 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 최대 수심변화는 유량이 $0.04\;m^3/s$이고 수심/홍수터 폭 비가 1.2일때 약 4 %로 측정되었고, 저수로에서의 유속의 증가 범위는 단면 평균유속에 비교하여 약 $50{\sim}85\;%$로 확인되었다. 이는 복단면에서의 저수로 유속은 홍수터에 식재가 되었을 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 더욱 빨라짐을 의미한다. 따라서 복단면의 홍수터에 교목을 식재할 경우에는 식재에 의한 수위상승 영향 보다는 저수로에서의 유속증가에 더 많은 관심을 가질 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.472-480
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• 2019

Selection of the plant material for planting to reduce fine dust should comprehensively consider the visual characteristics, such as the shape and texture of the plant leaves and form of bark, which affect the adsorption function of the plant. However, previous studies on reduction of fine dust through plants have focused on the absorption function rather than the adsorption function of plants and on foliage plants, which are indoor plants, rather than the outdoor plants. In particular, the criterion for selection of fine dust reduction species is not specific, so research on the selection criteria for plant materials for fine dust reduction in urban areas is needed. The purpose of this study is to identify the priorities of eight indicators that affect the fine dust reduction by using the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model (MCDM) and establish the tree selection criteria for the urban planting to reduce fine dust. For the purpose, we conducted a questionnaire survey of those who majored in fine dust-related academic fields and those with experience of researching fine dust. A result of the survey showed that the area of leaf and the tree species received the highest score as the factors that affect the fine dust reduction. They were followed by the surface roughness of leaves, tree height, growth rate, complexity of leaves, edge shape of leaves, and bark feature in that order. When selecting the species that have leaves with the coarse surface, it is better to select the trees with wooly, glossy, and waxy layers on the leaves. When considering the shape of the leaves, it is better to select the two-type or three-type leaves and palm-shaped leaves than the single-type leaves and to select the serrated leaves than the smooth edged leaves to increase the surface area for adsorbing fine dust in the air on the surface of the leaves. When considering the characteristics of the bark, it is better to select trees that have cork layers or show or are likely to show the bark loosening or cracks than to select those with lenticel or patterned barks. This study is significant in that it presents the priorities of the selection criteria of plant material based on the visual characteristics that affect the adsorption of fine dust for the planning of planting to reduce fine dust in the urban area. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the selection of trees for plantation planning in the urban area.