• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

In a sensitivity analysis, an uncertainty importance measure is often used to assess how much uncertainty of an output is attributable to the uncertainty of an input, and thus, to identify those inputs whose uncertainties need to be reduced to effectively reduce the uncertainty of output. A function is called monotonic if the output is either increasing or decreasing with respect to any of the inputs. In this paper, for a monotonic function, we propose a method for evaluating the measure which assesses the expected percentage reduction in the variance of output due to ascertaining the value of input. The proposed method can be applied to the case that the output is expressed as linear and nonlinear monotonic functions of inputs, and that the input follows symmetric and asymmetric distributions. In addition, the proposed method provides a stable uncertainty importance of each input by discretizing the distribution of input to the discrete distribution. However, the proposed method is computationally demanding since it is based on Monte Carlo simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.829-836
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between dietary, blood and urinary levels of lead and blood pressure and serum lipids in 30 healthy adult living in rural area of Korea. Analysis for the nutritional status of subjects were performed by 3-day dietary intake record, duplicated diet collection, 24-hour urine collection, and venous blood sampling before anthropometry. The mean daily intakes of lead estimated for 3 days was $120.1{\pm}22.0\mu\textrm{g}$. The blood levels and 24-hour urinary excretion of lead were $10.8{\pm}3.6\mu\textrm{g}/dl\;and\;36.5{\pm}9.5\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were $113.0{\pm}16.9mmHg\;and\;76.7{\pm}12.1\;mmHg$. The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ were $158.8{\pm}32.9mg/dl,\;104.6{\pm}48.8mg/dl,\;45.7{\pm}9.9mg/dl,\;92.2{\pm}28.5mg/dl\;and\;426.4{\pm}141.5mg/dl$, respectively. There was no significance in the relation between lead and blood pressure. In the relation between lead and serum lipids, it showed negative correlation with lead intake and HDL-choleterol at the level of significance of p<0.01. But there was no significance in the relation between lead and serum levels of otehr lipids.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.693-697
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• 2007

지하수 함양량을 산정하기 위해서 유역물수지 모형 또는 지하수위 변동곡선법등이 활용되어 왔으며, 각각의 장단점에 대한 많은 논의가 있었다. 지역내의 지하수 관리계획을 위해서는 유역물수지 모형이 적합한 반면, 실제(actual) 함양량의 정확성 문제가 있으며, 지하수위 변동곡선법은 실제 지하수의 증감을 통해 실제 함양변화를 잘 표현하는 반면, 그 영향권이 관측공에 의해 제한된다는 단점이 있다. 이와 같은 두 방법의 장점을 살리고 단점을 보완하기 위해 본 연구에서는 유역유출모의와 지하수위 변동을 동시에 고려하여 지하수 함양량을 추정하는 방안을 제시하였다. 수문학적 과정으로 함양을 분석하기 위해 준분포형 수문모형인 SWAT과 완전분포형 지하수 유동해석 모형인 MODFLOW의 결합모형을 이용한 유역단위 유출해석을 수행한다. 실제로 하천변에 위치한 관측공에서의 지하수위는 하천유출시계열과 유사한 양상을 보이며, 상류 경사지에 위치한 관측공의 지하수위는 토양수의 지체와 감수현상을 나타내므로 이같이 시간적으로 상이한 지체 양상을 반영하기 위해 모형내의 비포화대를 통과하는 함양의 거동을 기존의 단일 저수지 모형에서 다단 저수지 모형으로 개선하고 지체함수와 관련된 매개변수를 보정함으로써 모의 함양 시계열과 관측 지하수위 시계열간의 상관성 분석을 수행할 수 있다. 아울러 모의 및 관측 지하수위 분포의 비교를 통해 공간적인 지하수 분포에 대한 검증을 수행함으로써 함양량 산정 절차가 완성된다. 이같은 일련의 절차는 기존의 유역물수지 모형과 지하수위 변동법을 동시에 고려한 새로운 방식의 지하수 함양량 산정기법으로 제시할 수 있을 것이다.성빈맥(1예), 저심박출증(3예), 재수술이 필요했던 출혈(2예), 흉골 지연봉합(2예), 급성 신부전(2예), 폐렴(1예), 대동맥내 풍선펌프로 인한 혈전색전증(1예),수술 후 섬망(2예) 등이 있었다. 생존한 10명의 환자들 중 1명을 제외한 나머지 9명의 환자에서 $38{\pm}40$개월간의 추적관찰이 되었는데, 추적 관찰 기간 중에 3명이 사망하였고 생존한 6명의 환자는 모두 양호한 상태(NYHA 기능등급, $I{\sim}II$)를 보였으며, 그 중 3명에서는 혈역학적으로 큰 의미가 없는 잔여단락이 있었다. 결론: 급성 심근경색증 후 심실중격 결손은 수술위험도가 높은 질환이지만, 수술 전 대동맥내 풍선펌프를 삽입하고 조기에 심실중격 결손부의 infarct exclusion 술식과 함께 관상동맥우회술을 시행함으로써 만족할 만한 수술 및 중기 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.출물 투여로 저하되었으나 NC군보다는 높게 나타났다. 간 중 중성지질 함량은 참나물 에탄올 추출물 투여 용량에 따른 유의차가 없었으나, 총콜레스테롤 함량은 고용량 병합투여한 HC-PBH군만 유의하게 저하되었다. 혈청 및 간 중의 지질 함량 변화는 정상식이를 급여한 NC군과 NC-PB군 간에는 유의차가 없었다. 따라서 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여하면서 참나물 에탄올 추출물을 병합투여 시에만 지질대사 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 여겨지며, 고용량 병합투여 시 효능이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 고콜레스테롤식이로 인한 산화적 스트레스가 고콜레스테롤혈증을 유발하였으며, 이는 참나물 에탄올 추출물에 함유된 항산화물질을 포함한 여러 생리활성물질

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.819-825
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• 1995

Two sweet potato CV.(Ipomoea batatas) were examined, i.e. purple flesh sweet potato(PSP) and light yellow flesh sweet potato(LYSP) which varied in degree of sweetness. On a fresh weight basis, nitrogen free extract in cultivars ranged from $25.73{\sim}26.24%$ and PSP contained more crude fat than LYSP. Total amino acids of PSP and LYSP were 5676.57mg% and 4550.86mg%, respectively. Aspartic acid, serine, alanine and valine were the major components in sweet potatoes. Sulfur-containing amino acids are the first limiting amino acid in PSP. The major fatty acids in PSP and LYSP analyzed by GC were palmitic acid, linoleic acid. The content of the saturated fatty acid was less than that of the unsaturated fatty acid. Carbohydrate contents were $75.43{\sim}79.10%$ and neutral sugars contents were $67.22{\sim}64.85%$(dry wt). Two sweet potato CV. contained the most glucose of all neutral sugars. PSP contained 11.88% for uronic acid, 59.42% for starch. Free sugars of PSP(0.82%) was much less than that of LYSP(2.53%). The contents of thiamin, riboflavin and niacin were similar, and the ascorbic acid contents in PSP and LYSP were 63.4mg% and 48.7mg%(dry wt), respectively. Comparing the mineral content in PSP, K was the greatest element in concentration followed by mg, Ca, Na. The total dietary fiber(TDF) value was 13.43% in PSP, 9.79% in LYSP respectively. The ratio of soluble dietary fiber(SDF) content and insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) content to TDF content for PSP were 57.6%, 42.4%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1994

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary iron supplementationon ${\delta}-aminolevulinic$ acid dehydratase (DALAD) activity and liver damage of the lead(Pb)-administered rats. The iron (Fe) supplement levels were 100 ppm(Fe100) and 500ppm(Fe500) and the Pb-exposed rats were given 2, 000ppm-Pb in drinking water, while control rats were given neigher iron nor lead. Hematocrit was lower in the Pb, Fe100 -Pb, Fe500-Pb group than in the control, but was not affected by the Pb adminstration when the rats fed the Fe supplementation diet. DALAD activity were reduced by Pb added but, were higher in the Fe500-Pb group than in the Fe100 -Pb group. No significant difference was found in serum Pb content due to Pb administration and Fe supplementation. The liver Pb contentwas higher in the Fe supplementation group than in the Pb-group. Level of serum FE was lower in the Pb added groups than in the control group. Liver Fe contents were increased with Pb administration and higher in the Fe supplement groups than in the Pb-group. Levels of serum and liver copper was decreased with the Fe supplementation. Aminotransferase activity of serum and liver were increased in the Pb group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2007

Levan, the fructose polymer is an indigestible carbohydrate regularly consumed by humans. Its physiological functions, in terms of hypocholesterolemic effect and calcium metabolism, have not been well documented. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of levan on blood lipids and the calcium absorption ratio in rats fed a 0.1% low calcium diet. Thirty rats were divided into three groups and fed a 0.1% low calcium diet (control) or low calcium diets containing either 2.5% levan or 5% levan for eight weeks. The blood lipid and biomarkers relevant to Ca metabolism (urinary Ca and hydroxyproline), the femoral weight and the Ca contents were determined. The body weight gains were lower in the 5% levan group than the control group. Plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in the 5% levan group, compared to the control group, but the atherogenic indice were not affected. Blood alkaline phosphatase activity, Ca and urinary hydroxyproline excretion levels were not different in the three groups. The net calcium absorption in rats fed a 5% levan diet was greater than rats fed the control diet, while the femoral weights and Ca contents were not significantly different in the three groups. We concluded that a 5% levan diet could both enhance the calcium absorption and improve the lipid profiles in rats fed a low calcium diet.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

This case study investigated red light violations at CBD, suburban and rural signalized intersections in chungbuk. The goal of this study is to understanding the collection between red light violations and various driver, vehicles and environmental factors. This study uses descriptive statistics analysis and logistics analysis with SPSS 12.0 software. The major results of this study are as follows. First, red light violations occurred at rural and CBD more than suburban area. Second, About 81.1% of the violators were traveling at or below the posted speed limit. Moreover, 77.3% of the violations occurred within 2 seconds after the on set of red light. Finally, the logistic regression model, which is statistically significant(chisquare=0.000, McFadde=0.265)was developed, and includes the local type(CBD/suburban/rural), violators' gender, season, vehicle type, time of day, vehicle speed as the independent variables. In this study did not find significant relationship between red light violators' age and their driving behavior approaching signalized intersections.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2019

It is very important to understand the intention of a target ship to prevent collisions in multiple-ship situations. However, considering the intentions of a large number of ships at the same time is a great burden for the officer who must establish a collision avoidance plan. With a distributed algorithm, a ship can exchange information with a large number of target ships and search for a safe course. In this paper, I have applied a Distributed Stochastic Search Algorithm (DSSA), a distributed algorithm, for ship collision avoidance. A ship chooses the course that offers the greatest cost reduction or keeps its current course according to probability and constraints. DSSA is divided into five types according to the probability and constraints mentioned. In this paper, the five types of DSSA are applied for ship collision avoidance, and the effects on ship collision avoidance are analyzed. In addition, I have investigated which DSSA type is most suitable for collision avoidance. The experimental results show that the DSSA-A and B schemes offered effective ship collision avoidance. This algorithm is expected to be applicable for ship collision avoidance in a distributed system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1649-1657
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body mass index (BMI), dietary intake attitudes, and nutrient intake status according to sugar-containing food intake frequency of 409 college students in Gyeonggi-do. Subjects were categorized into three groups according to sugar-containing food intake frequency: rare intake group (n=113), average intake group (n=195), and frequent intake group (n=101). The average height and weight (P<0.001) of each group were $163.8{\pm}0.11cm$ and $52.9{\pm}8.6kg$, $164.4{\pm}0.1cm$ and $56.2{\pm}6.4kg$, and $167.9{\pm}0.1cm$ and $68.0{\pm}15.7kg$, respectively. The average BMIs of the groups were $19.6{\pm}2.3$, $20.7{\pm}0.8$, and $24.0{\pm}2.7$, respectively (P<0.001). Dietary intake attitude scores of the groups were $30.73{\pm}5.68$, $30.11{\pm}5.51$, and $28.00{\pm}5.31$, respectively (P<0.001). As a result of nutrient intake status, daily averages of energy and carbohydrate intake of the frequent intake group were significantly higher than those of the rare intake group (P<0.05). On the other hand, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin C intakes of the rare intake group were significantly higher than those of the frequent intake group (P<0.05). Using multiple regression analysis, we found that BMI was the most significant variable affecting sugar-containing food intake. Therefore, nutrition education is necessary to improve nutrient intake while considering sugar intake for maintenance of healthy weight.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 1990

In order to investigate an effect of the feed restriction on the laying performance, 208 White Leghorn strain layer of 36 week-old were divided to 4 groups of 52 birds each and raised for 1 week of previous feeding and for the subsequent 3 weeks of experimental restricted feeding. The egg production, daily egg mass and feed efficiency of four groups of birds fed daily 100g, 95g, 90f and 85g of a commercial diet, respectively, which were compared with those of the original 2879 birds fed l13g of diet per day as control. During 3 weeks of experimental restricted feeding, period, daily body weight nam was decreased linearly as the degree of restriction increased in birds fed 100, 95, 90 and 85g of diet. Hen day egg production, egg weight and daily egg mass was linearly related to the diet intake level. then feed intake(x, g day$^{-1}$ ) showed a positive regression equations with the henday egg production(y, % ), egg weight(y, g egg$^{-1}$ ) and egg mass(y, g bird$^{-1}$ ) as y＝38.75＋0.3753$\times$(r＝0.503, n＝15), y＝48.2＋0.08868$\times$(r＝0.835, n＝ 15) and y＝15.69＋0.2786$\times$(r＝0.597, n＝15), respectively. Feed efficiency was increased to a plateau in birds fed 95g of diet. The estimated energy utilization for egg production was reached to a plateau in birds fed 95g of diet and the highst protein utilization was shown in birds fed 90g of diet anions birds fed graded levels of diet. And the feed restriction did not affect on the egg shell contents, while protein contents of egg were shown a trend to be increased and lipids and cholesterol contents of eggs was decreased according to the diet intake lowered. The results suggested that the improved feed efficiencies of birds restricted under 16% of diet(above 95g of diet) will be due to increased energy and protein utilization for egg production and feed restriction above 16% will be aboided. In the range from 113g to 95g of diet feeding, the crude profit was increased as the feed restricted in the case of egg price 600 won kg$^{-1}$ and feed price 200 won kg$^{-1}$ .