• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.82-95
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to analyze the GIS-based water cycle system: rainfall, evapotranspiration, surface run-off of Gyeongsanam-do for the effective rainwater management. The rainfall(1999~2008) analyzed by a spatial interpolation method, showed relatively higher amount in Hadong-gun, Sanchung-gun, and Sacheon-gun on the southwest coast than in Changnyeong-gun, Miryang-si, and Changwon-si in the mideast inland. The evapotranspiration was calculated by the three independent variables: air temperature, landuse, and NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index). The analysis showed that Namhae-gun had the highest evapotranspiration of 93.71mm, and Jinhae-si and Changwon-si had the lowest values of 81.78mm and 84.37mm. The surface run-off was analysed by a run-off equation based on the SCS hydrologic soil classification and landuse. The amount of surface run-off showed that Hadong-gun had the highest value, of 90.40mm, and Geochang-gun had the lowest, of 46.69mm. The analysis results of the GIS-based water cycle system will be used to support the establishment of the effective rainwater management plan in Gyeongasngnam-do.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.639-647
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• 2009

In line with the rapid settlement of information society, the demand for geospatial information and its applications are dramatically increasing. The Project of National Geographic Information System(NGIS) is actively on going to meet up-to-dateness and accuracy of geospatial data. It is fact that the public interest in environmental issues is increasing than ever in accordance with the restoration of the four major rivers, core project of Green New Deal Policy, and the event of the Ramsar General Meeting. Because the Nakdong River Estuary is a place of great importance in both aspects of wetland and environment conservation, a variety of researches related to this area are progressing. Although artificial developments and natural phenomena are rapidly changing the topography and ecosystem of this area, the effort to build topographic DB for change monitoring is very slow. This study describes a Lidar surveying project over the restored wetland Eulsukdo, the southermost part of the Nakdong River, to establish precise topographic DB throughout producing 3D topographical maps and wetland classification maps. The results of this study will make a large contribution to the systematic maintenance and management for the restored Eulsukdo wetland.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.274-286
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• 2016

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) accounts for about 72% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. It is also widely known as a major cause of global warming. According to the IPCC's fifth evaluation report, the growth rate of atmospheric $CO_2$ has increased by 35% for the last 100 years and global warming is occurring much more rapidly than expected since 1990s. As a result of climate change, global warming is increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather events around the world, which has changed forest vegetation zone and vegetation phenology. The Kyoto Protocol recognizes the importance of forests and refers to the conservation and enhancement of forests as sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases. In this regard, studies of tree responses to climate change are indispensable for predicting changes in the forest ecosystems in the future. Therefore, studies using long-term climate change research facilities, associated with long-term ecological research (LTER) in the fields, will make a considerable contribution to predict and approach the changes in the future.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.138-151
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and habitat types of prickly lettuce, Lactuca scariola of Europe origin for supplying the basic data of management plan. It showed fairly nation-wide distribution although excessive growth was rather limited in the wild. Its habitat types were divided into four types like open fields, roadsides, seashores and riversides. Species diversity examined by species rank-dominance curve tended to increase over riverside > seashores > open fields > roadsides. As a result of analyzing life form, therophytes were more than 50%, means that the habitats of L. scariola were disturbed by human activities etc. Urbanization Index was analyzed 9.1% in roadsides, 7.4% in seashores, 5.8% in open fields and riversides. It has high spread potential with a large number of wind-flying seed per plant. It was evaluated that prickly lettuce was mainly spread along the newly constructed road, expressway and invaded the original ecosystem in the cultivated land as weeds. But it has played a role as a pioneer species in open fields. It is recommended to remove where it has considerable impact on the native plant species of conservation value.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.376-391
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• 1998

Images from satellites will have 1 to 3 meter ground resolution and will be very useful for analyzing current status of earth surface. An image processing system named GeoWatch with more intelligent image processing algorithms has been designed and implemented to support the detailed analysis of the land surface using high-resolution satellite imagery. The GeoWatch is a valuable tool for satellite image processing such as digitizing, geometric correction using ground control points, interactive enhancement, various transforms, arithmetic operations, calculating vegetation indices. It can be used for investigating various facts such as the change detection, land cover classification, capacity estimation of the industrial complex, urban information extraction, etc. using more intelligent analysis method with a variety of visual techniques. The strong points of this system are flexible algorithm-save-method for efficient handling of large size images (e.g. full scenes), automatic menu generation and powerful visual programming environment. Most of the existing image processing systems use general graphic user interfaces. In this paper we adopted visual program language for remotely sensed image processing for its powerful programmability and ease of use. This system is an integrated raster/vector analysis system and equipped with many useful functions such as vector overlay, flight simulation, 3D display, and object modeling techniques, etc. In addition to the modules for image and digital signal processing, the system provides many other utilities such as a toolbox and an interactive image editor. This paper also presents several cases of image analysis methods with AI (Artificial Intelligent) technique and design concept for visual programming environment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-173
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• 2014

The habitats characteristics of Exochorda serratifolia were investigated to compile basic data for conservation and restoration. Natural habitats were located at an altitude of 1 m to 624 m above sea level with angles of inclination ranging from 2 degrees to 81 degrees. A total of 248 vascular plant taxa were identified from 37 quadrats in 16 habitats. The importance value of Exochorda serratifolia is 18.70%, and 5 highly ranked species such as Rhododendron mucronulatum (3.79%), Abelia tyaihyoni (3.27%), Euonymus alatus for. ciliatodentatus, Quercus mongolica (3.23%), and Indigofera kirilowii (2.97%) are considered to be an affinity with Exochorda serratifolia in their habitats. Species diversity was 1.03, dominance and evenness were found to be 0.15 and 0.85, respectively. Average field capacity was 24.19%, the organic matter was 8.21%, pH was 5.52, and available phosphorus was $7.71{\mu}g/g$. Correlation coefficients analysis based on environmental factors, vegetation, and soil analysis shows that the coverage of Exochorda serratifolia is correlated with field capacity and available phosphorus.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2019

LID(Low Impact Development) facility classified as a social infrastructure can maintain landscape sustainability and functional sustainability through continuous maintenance and management. Since LID is a natural-based solution, the sustainability can be secured through the management of weeds, wastes and vegetation. The LID facility is distributed in the city and is an infrastructure that can be managed through citizen participation because of simple maintenance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the maintenance factors affecting the sustainability of the LID facilities and to suggest measures for maintenance by investigating the participation of the peoples. The factors for landscape sustainability were derived to waste and weed management. Also the factors for functional sustainability were assessed to identification and management of dead bodies and selection of applicable soil and plant species. The citizens showed high agreement of more than 80% in the questionnaires on expanding and managing LID facilities, enacting LID ordinances, and participating in the national movement. The intention to participate in LID management linked to jobs was about 64%, indicating that LID could become a job for the vulnerable. Maintenance of the LID can easily be carried out by non-specialists, which can lead to citizen participation with low cost for each facility. The maintenance cost for citizen participation can be allocated from the social infrastructure management cost reduced by LID application of the local government and the social welfare budget of the central government.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.39
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• pp.5-38
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• 2006

Although in Korea there are only three examples of wooden coffins being found in burial mounds - from the Daho-ri, Songhyun-dong, and Munyung tombs, in Japan data on the shape and structure of wooden coffins from the Gofun era is relatively abundant. The wooden coffins of the Gofun era of Japan can be classified into either the dugout log style or the combined boards style according to their method of manufacture. They can also be divided by shape, into such categories as the boat shape, the split bamboo shape, the box shape, and so on. The box shape category can be further divided into the assembled type and the nailed type, according to how the boards are put together. Japanese Umbrella Pine (Sciadopitys verticillata) was favored as coffin-wood in all ages, but during the later Gofun era easily obtained woods such as the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) or the Hinoki Falsecypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) were also used. The coffins found at Daho-ri and Songhyun-dong are similar to the Japanese dugout log style in shape and manufacture, while the king's and queen's coffins excavated at Munyung Tomb are seen to have had direct influence on the appearance of nailed coffins Japan. The coffin in Songhyun-dong 7th mound was originally a dugout log boat. It was probably used for practical reasons such as the bugproof, anti-corrosion qualities of camphor wood, not because of ideological reasons such as in a boat burial (in which the boat takes the deceased to the after world). Because the Changnyong region is inland, where camphor trees do not grow, using an already existing boat may have been the only way to procure a camphor-wood coffin. From historical circumstances, it may be inferred that the camphor trees were imported into Korea from Japan, between which there was much cultural exchange.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.268-287
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• 2022

This study reports newly discovered seven forest wetlands in the western part of the Korean Demilitarized Zone-Civilian Control Zone ecoregion. The wetland assessment criteria proposed by National Arboretum were adopted to evaluate four fields: vegetation and landscape, biogeochemical cycle, hydraulics and hydrology, and social-cultural-historical landscape and disturbances. Among seven wetlands located in Gimpo and Paju, five were of the fallow field type and two were of the natural type. A total of 474 plant species were recorded, including nine rare plants, such as the Carex capricornis Meinsh. ex Maxim. Three forest wetlands were sorted into A-grade, three into B-grade, and one into C-grade. Monitoring forest wetlands scattered across the border area ruled by military regulations can be challenging; still, as forest wetlands with high conservation value turned out, further investigations through remote sensing and cooperation by the relevant agencies will be required.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.366-373
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• 2020

This study investigated habitat diversity changes by conducting weir operations at the Sejongbo site in the Geum River basin. High-resolution aerial photographs taken before and after the weir-opening operation were used for habitat analyses. We classified water and bar areas into 17 types, such as lotic habitats, including riffles, runs, and glides, and lentic habitats, including reservoirs, pools, bar-head backwaters, and bar ponds. Then, we estimated each habitat area quantitatively, calculated a habitat diversity index, and established a habitat diversity map. Our results indicated that after the weir-opening operation, lotic habitats and new types of shallow lentic habitats increased in the water area. In addition, for the bar area, bare lands without cultivation increased distinctively. Finally, we observed that the habitat diversity index drastically increased after the weir-opening operation, which could provide a relatively simple channel of diverse habitats.