• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.247-291
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• 2018

This study investigates the employment structure and the social safety net experience of the subcontracting cleaning workers in Korea, who have been main targets of the labor outsourcing despite the necessity and permanence of their labour. This study specifically focuses on the fact that these subcontracting cleaning workers are mostly female and in their old age, and analyzes how the combination of their age, gender, and employment structure leads to the (mis)match with the Korean social security system. Case study with in-dept interview method has been conducted to the old-aged female subcontracting cleaning workers in Korea. The result of this study is as follows. It was the income insecurity that led them to (re)enter the labour market, and the cleaning work was the almost the only wage work they could do considering their age and gender. Cleaning workers are mostly employed in the subcontracting company, and thus their labour contracts depend on the business contract period between the original and subcontracting company. Consequently, their employment relationship is mostly insecure unless they are guaranteed employment succession through the collective agreement of trade union. Moreover, it has been discovered that the employment insecurity due to the indirect employment relationship led to the poor labour conditions, low wage, and the exclusion from the social safety net.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.3-20
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• 2017

This study proposes that the cultural corporation can be more profitable by adopting the 'Buy-One Give-One' Business Model (BOGO BM) under certain conditions. Specifically, the conditions are that 1) consumers' utility for donating is high enough and 2) the production cost is low enough due to economies of scale or process innovation from employee's intrinsic motivation. We adopt a mathematical model where the demand function is a simple linear function and two companies compete with each other by choosing their quantity of output (the Cournot model). Specifically, we investigate the profitability of the BOGO BM in four situations: 1) a monopolist enjoying reduced cost due to process innovation from employee's intrinsic motivation, 2) a monopolist enjoying reduced cost due to economies of scale, 3) the duopoly with BOGO BM and a general company, 4) the duopoly with two BOGO BM companies. In each situation, BOGO BM can be more profitable than other general companies can under certain conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2019

This study was conducted to analyze the industrial concentration of the districts, cities and counties among clinics, dental clinics, and Oriental clinics. For this purpose, the sales from 1996 to 2015 in five-year intervals were analyzed by the Heifindal-Hirschmann index (HHI). The results of this study showed that the competition index represented by the HHI tended to intensify as a whole. Especially in the county area, HHI tended to be in comparison with other regions, but decreased with statistically significance. On average, the HHI was higher in the county than in the district and city areas. In the case of the clinic, the HHI of the county area tended to decrease. In the case of the dental clinic, the HHI tended to decrease in the city and county, while in the Oriental clinic the HHI tended to decrease in the district, city and county. Overall, monopolies were present in the county, but competition strengthened over time. In the case of clinics, competition is intensifying in country. area. In the case of dental clinics, competition in the city and country areas has not yet reached saturation. In the case of Oriental clinics, competition in all regions has not yet been saturated, and competition in the distinct market has been most intense.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-45
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• 2017

This study aims at explaining organizational mechanisms of inequality that has been rising rapidly alongside the proliferation of irregular employment in the post-crisis Korean labor market. It argues that inequality is not sufficiently explained by individual gap in human capital or widespread marketization as such. Social categories into which each individual worker falls seems more important as a source of labor market inequality. Employment types that are composed of regular and irregular employment do not simply indicate the different economic meanings of employment contracts but have rather been institutionalized as a social category of status in the context of inequality over the past two decades. They are also often matched with other social categories such as gender that have created and reproduced greater labor market inequality. We pay attention to the organizational practice of dominant incumbents who make claims for advantages of return based on their exclusive accessibility to limited organizational resources and explain how that particular practice plays a role to increase relational inequality between those insiders who achieve advantageous returns and outsiders mostly irregular workers who are excluded from those resources because of the social categories that they belong to. In this study, we identify seniority based pay as the key organizational practice that justifies categorical differences within the workplace and examine how that particular practice contributes to organizational level segmentation and income ineqaulity.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.105-137
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• 2013

This paper proposes to examine the relationship between the two trade unions of Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) - those of the regular workers and of the in-house subcontract workers - around the issue of converting irregular workers to regular ones, which has been a social issue for a long time, and, furthermore, to find a desirable solution. The politics of the in-house subcontracting rotate around three axes: the conflictive collusion between the company and the regular workers'union regarding the internal labor market; the exclusion and resistance between the company and the subcontract workers'union; and the solidaristic conflict relationship between the two unions. After the final decree by the supreme court in 2012 the conflict and collusion/solidarity relationship of the three social actors have been amplified in scale - the continuous limping of the special bargaining between the company and the unions, the intensified conflict between the company and the subcontract workers'union, and the crisis of the collusion between the branches of the two unions are all evidence of this. A clue to the solution to the issues of in-house subcontracting in HMC can be found through reestablishment of the relationship among the three actors. In order to solve the in-house subcontracting issues in HMC, phased and lawful switching from irregular to regular positions, improvement of working conditions for the irregular workers, integration of the two unions (realization of 'one company one union'), and negotiated flexibility in the internal labor market will be required. Also to be considered are installation of a special committee for the issue, and utilization of external consultants. The result would be the possibility for the corporate labor market of HMC to be composed of regular workers, legal contract workers and directly-employed contract workers, which could be realized through bilateral relations of 'the labor and management conflict partnership'.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.58
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• pp.179-204
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• 2021

Not only the consumption trend after the COVID-19 pandemic but also low financial interest rates have stimulated people to invest artworks. With the recent noticeable growth, art investments that mainly conducted by younger generation through online platform can be characterized by a fractional ownership in art market which means several people share one piece of artwork. This study explores 4 fractional ownership platforms in the domestic art market including Art Together, Art & Guide, Tessa, and Pica projects, using a business model canvas that describes nine key elements: Customer Segments, Value Proposition, Channels, Customer Relationships, Revenue Streams, Key Resources, Key Activities, Key Partners and Cost Structure. The four cases have similar business models, but the details of revenue streams are different. The key sources of revenue are the profit and commission of the work. Thus, maximizing the profit margin of artworks is the core of revenue streams, so selecting and purchasing highly profitable artworks are significant. Based on the analysis, there are 3 suggestions to continue fractional ownership platform businesses in art market successfully. First, it is required to have a long-term perspective on art investments, as a way to diverse asset portfolio. Second, business confidence should be increased to maintain customer loyalty. Third, the role of platforms as competent experts is important.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.391-402
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• 2022

With the number of social overhead capital(SOC) projects that introduce private capital on the rise, overseas construction global companies today need to establish and advance their overseas order strategies. In this context, the purpose of this study is to develop the public private partnership(PPP) capacity evaluation model for developing countries and use it for domestic overseas construction companies to establish strategies for overseas expansion. The PPP competency evaluation model analyzes the importance of PPP competency evaluation items and infrastructure environment competency evaluation items through a review of previous studies and an interview survey with overseas construction experts. Through the above analysis results and expert surveys, problems that may occur when overseas construction companies enter the PPP market were derived, and improvement measures were proposed. Countries with a high probability of overseas construction companies entering the PPP market were determined to be those that have a mature PPP system, low risk in construction, and a good entry environment with a high infrastructure market size and growth rate. In addition, a lack of PPP investment experience, the absence of information on the infrastructure environment, and a shortage of PPP experts were identified as problems when entering the overseas construction PPP market. As an improvement measure, it was suggested to enter in cooperation with domestic and foreign companies. In addition, a plan was proposed to develop a curriculum to secure experts in areas such as PPP finance and contracts and to provide PPP information for each country. These findings are expected to contribute to overseas construction companies proposing strategies for entering the overseas construction market and using them for overseas expansion strategies and policy establishment.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2003

보안 제품의 개발이 많아지면서 각 제품에 대한 통합의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 예를 들어, 침입탐지 시스템에서 침입을 시도하는 노드를 판별한 경우, 실제 그 노드로부터의 접속을 차단할 수 있는 기능을 방화벽 시스템에서 제공하고 있기 때문에, 방화벽 시스템으로 접속 차단 명령을 보낼 수 있는 기능이 제공된다면 보다 자연스럽게 통합 관리가 이루어 질 수 있을 것이다. 그러나, 현재 보안 시장은 많은 종류의 보안 제품이 존재하기 때문에 이러한 통합이 쉽게 이루어지지는 않고 있다. 정보보호에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 많은 기업이 각종 보안시스템을 도입하고 있지만, 각 보안 시스템의 개별 관리에 중점을 두고 있어 이기종 보안 시스템간의 연동에 기반한 통합 관리 차원의 필요성이 증가된다. 따라서, 국내외의 많은 보안 업체들이 이기종 보안 제품의 연동을 위한 방안들을 제시하고 있으며, IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)를 중심으로 표준화 작업이 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내외 각 보안 업체 혹은 보안 업체간 컨소시엄 형태로 제안된 이기종 보안 솔루션 연동 방식 및 공개 API(Application Programming Interface) 형식들을 분석하고, 표준화 동향에 대해 살펴본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.45-48
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• 2007

현재 환경 파괴가 일어나지 않는 다양한 신 ${\cdot}$ 재생 에너지 활용방안에 대한 연구와 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 에너지 시장 환경의 변화와 정보통신 기술의 발달에 따라 에너지 수요 정보 및 부가 서비스 제공이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 에너지 사용자가 요구하는 수요정보와 부가 서비스를 효율적으로 제공할 수 있기 위해 사용자의 어떠한 플랫폼에서도 자유롭게 데이터 교환이 가능한 에너지 토탈 시스템 개발이 반드시 필요하다. 이를 위해 많은 국내 ${\cdot}$ 외 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 아직 국내 에너지 토탈 시스템에 적합한 시스템 구축은 거의 이루어지고 있지 않다. 이에 본 논문에서는 다양한 형태의 에너지 데이터 교환에 따른 한계를 극복하고 어떠한 플랫폼에서도 데이터 교환이 가능하도록 XML 기반의 새로운 esXML을 개발하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.116-118
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• 2012

안드로이드 앱 시장이 활성화되면서, 안드로이드 앱의 불법복제나 역공학 공격으로 인한 피해가 증가하고 있다. 앱 불법복제는 앱 판매 수익의 저하뿐만 아니라 개발자의 의지를 뺏고 개발 노력에 대해 상대적 박탈감을 주게 된다. 자바 프로그램의 경우 역공학으로 인해 바이트 코드에 존재하는 핵심 알고리즘이 쉽게 노출되어 지적재산권이 유출될 수 있다는 점에서 개발자나 개발사에게 심각한 위협이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 안드로이드 환경에서 앱에 대한 역공학 공격의 위협을 보이고, 역공학 방지 기법인 RACC를 제안한다. RACC는 보호할 핵심 클래스를 앱으로 부터 추출하여 바이트 코드 형태로 안전한 원격 서버에 관리하여 수행하며, 스마트폰(클라이언트)에는 저장하지 않는다. 스마트폰 앱이 해당 핵심 클래스를 호출하면, 그 호출이 원격 서버로 전송되어 수행된 후 결과가 스마트폰에 반환된다. 이처럼 핵심 클래스 코드가 클라이언트에 직접 노출 없이 원격지에서 관리되고 수행됨으로써 역공학 공격을 원천적으로 방지한다.