• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.120-121
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• 2003

과수원에서 재배되는 배는 과수원 내의 위치, 시비, 토양 등의 요인에 따라 다양한 품질을 나타내며, 당도와 숙도의 편차가 크기 때문에 과수농가에서는 경험에 의존하여 적정 숙기로 판단되는 배를 수확하고 있다. 그러나 과학적이지 못한 사실에 기초한 수확 관행은 시장유통되는 배에 대하여 소비자들의 신뢰성 저하를 초래하게 되고 소비 감소와 더불어 농가 소득 감소로 이어지게 된다. 최근, 전국의 청과물 산지유통센터에는 근적외선을 이용하여 과일 내부의 당도, 산도, 결함 등을 실시간으로 판정할 수 있는 비파괴 선별기가 보급되고 있으나 이는 수확이후의 선별.규격화 유통을 위한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이와는 달리, 수확 이전, 즉 재배 단계에서 배의 당도와 숙도를 판정하여 수확적기를 판단할 수 있도록 나무에 매달린 배에 대하여 가시광선과 근적외선 반사스펙트럼을 측정할 수 있고 이를 이용하여 당도와 숙도가 판정가능한 휴대형 센서를 개발하였으며, 개발된 시작기를 이용하여 당도판정의 가능성을 시험하였다. 휴대형 당도판정센서는 광원과 광섬유프로브, 광검출부, 당도판정부, 전원공급부로 구성된다. 광원은 할로겐램프(6V)를 이용하였고, 광섬유프로브는 동심원 형태로서 외부의 광섬유를 통하여 광원에서 시료로 빛이 조사되게 하고, 내부의 광섬유를 통하여 광검출기로 확산반사되는 광이 전달될 수 있도록 하였다. 전원공급부는 휴대와 충전이 가능한 배터리(12V, 2AH)와 이 배터리에서 정전류가 광원으로 보내어 질 수 있도록 제작된 회로로 구성하였다. 당도 판정을 위하여 518nm에서 1046nm의 파장대역에서의 반사스펙트럼을 이용하였고, 레퍼런스로써 백색 테플론 구를 제작하여 사용하였다. 수원 농산물 도매시장에서 판매중인 2002년산 신고 배를 구매하고, 시작기를 이용하여 총 113개의 배에 대한 반사스펙트럼을 측정하였다. 다음으로 굴절당도계로 당도값을 측정하고 반사스펙트림을 이용하여 당도값을 예측하기 위한 부분최소제곱회귀(PLSR)모델을 개발하였다. 여기서 모델의 정밀도는 교차검정법을 이용하여 검증하였다. 시료 표면과 광섬유프로브와의 접촉상태 불균일, 광원의 시간에 따른 경시 변화, 과일 형상의 차이 등에 의하여 측정된 반사스펙트럼은 상당한 변이를 나타내었으므로 이를 보정하기 위하여 반사 스펙트럼은 다분산보정처리하여 이용하였다. 당도 예측용 PLSR모델 개발의 결과, 모델의 결정계수($R^2$)는 0.67, SEC는 $\pm$0.4brix.로 나타났으며, 교차검정에 의한 미지 시료의 예측에서 총 113개의 미지 시료에 대한 결정계수는 0.57, SEP는 $\pm$ 0.46brix.로 나타났으며, 이는 현장에서 충분히 활용가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 금후, 전체 시스템의 부피와 중량을 줄이고 각 부분품들의 전력소모의 최소화할 수 있도록 개선할 계획이다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2012

Franchising has long been an effective form of distribution that is used primarily by manufacturers whose product lines are especially suited exclusive or highly selective distribution. By IFA(International Franchise Association), franchising is defined as a continuing relationship in which the franchisor provides a licensed privilege to do business, plus assistance in organizing, training, merchandising, and management in return for a consideration from the franchisee. Thus franchising is a method for the owner(franchisor) of product, service, or method to obtain retail or wholesale distribution through licensed, affiliated dealers(franchisees). With rapid increase of franchising industry globally, franchising industry is very rapidly increasing especially in the sector of outdoor restaurant industry in Korea. But there are many problems to be settled for promoting this industry. For example, the industry is too much lean outdoor restaurant industry. With franchisors' short history and lack of management capacity, shortage of distribution infrastructure, smaller size of franchising system, and low trust between franchisor and franchisee, and so on, the industry has many barriers to overcome for promoting it. Here we are suggesting that taxation benefaction, monetary support for the starting franchisee, establishment of fair trade principle, promoting information system and professional human resource should be needed.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.113-130
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• 2015

This study considers the relation between firms' earnings management and credit rating. Unlike preceding papers only focusing earnings management by accrual(thereafter, AM), this paper examines the effect of accrual earnings management(AMs) and real earning management(thereafter, RM) on credit rating. RMs have more negative effects on firms' forward cash flow generation abilities and long term operating performances than AMs. So, RMs are more negative signals for credit analysts than AMs. But credit analysts have much difficulty in seeing through RM, because if credit analysts want to find out RMs, they have to understand firms' internal operating activities, cost structures, receivables collection practices, and review whether profit distortions are due to abnormal change of them. Sample of this study consists of 2,150firm-year data listed companies from 2002 to 2010. Empirical evidence shows that AMs and RMs are negatively related to credit rating. This result implies that credit analysts see through AMs and RMs in interpreting financial informations, that is to say, they discount credit rating in considering level of earnings management that consist of real activity and accrual earning management. This paper also finds that RMs are more negatively related to credit ratings than AMs. This result suggests that credit analysts don't take RMs into account in credit rating process as much as AMs.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.79-101
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to identify key factors of Co-opetition through examining the environmental and structural changes in the ports industry and suggest a few Co-opetition strategies for enhancing our ports capabilities in the long-term. In recent years, the trend toward market liberalization and globalization in ports industry has made rapid progress and it made the competition fiercer. To survive in this rapid changes, the ports have traditionally pursed a competitive strategy. However, an alternative strategy replacing the traditional strategy was introduced: namely, 'Co-opetition' a buzzword combining competition and co operation. Policy proposals this study suggests are the construction of a database regarding costs and benefits of ports for more effective analysis and improving the competitive power of a shipping company operating national flag carriers for achieving the purpose of Co-opetition and adoption of selection and concentration strategy for increasing the possibility of Co-opetition success.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.119-142
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to explore and describe of the reality of working poor in Korea. In spite of the increasing attention to the working poor, usual definitions of the working poor have some measurement questions. The definition of the working poor should focus on the key dimensions of work and poverty. This study defines working poor as all "persons who have devoted prior 6 months to working or looking for work and who lived in families with incomes below the poverty threshold". This study also defines poverty threshold based on the both concept of absolute and relative poverty. According to this definition, the working poor are almost equally divided between men and women and the majority of them are of prime working age. These characteristics of working poor are seems to be quite different from common sense. Also, serious deficiencies of human capital contribute to the employment problems of the working poor. Their education levels are much less than those of the working non-poor. The distributions of the employment status, occupation, and industry show also that the working poor are highly concentrated in a few low-wage jobs.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2018

In order to breed a new Pleurotus eryngii cultivar with a large pileus and convex shape, which are favorite traits of customers from Europe and North America, single crosses between monokaryotic mycelia derived from basidiospores of KNR2555 were performed to yield the new cultivar $2{\times}12$ chosen by cap shape (convex), diameter of pileus (60.7 mm), and quality (4.9) in a preliminary cultivation. The strain was named Gat_aeryni and was cultivated on a large scale for comparison with Kenneutari 2 ho at the GNARES and at mushroom farms. The yield of Gat_aeryni (71.7 g) was not significantly different from that of Kenneutari 2 ho (71.4 g), and the quality of the new cultivar was 6.8, which was not significantly different from that of a reference cultivar (6.5). Days for harvest, length, and diameter of the pileus in the two cultivars were statistically different by an independent t-test (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively). The new and reference cultivars were discriminated by PCR reactions with a primer set (URP1 and URP10) and simultaneous cultivation.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.16
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• pp.169-184
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• 2003

IR(Investor Relation) is an active management activity to provide well balanced information to investors which can reduce asymmetry of information between investors and management. This activity could contribute to the long-term development of corporation with increased mutual trust between investors and management. Consequently, in these days, ill is widely recognized as an effective measure of securing corporate transparency, maximization corporate value, and stock-holder oriented management. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of corporate IR activity on investment behavior as well as stock price. It is assumed that if asymmetry of information between investors and management is cured by active ill activity from a corporation, with more transparent and reliable information of the firm at hand investors would more actively involved in trading. Statistically speaking, I assumed that the more information provided by ill activities, the higher value of a corporation at the stock trading.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2002

There has been an interesting trend showing that the number of tankers owned by major oil company has been decreasing since the 1980s, while the number of tankers chartered by them is increasing. So do Korea oil refineries in the period 1990s. Therefore, the following question is raised： Why have oil refinery companies, national and international, been much more dependent upon chartered ships than their owned ships since 1980s\ulcorner This paper tried to answer the above question. In so, doing ten decision-making factors for fleet composition of oil tankers are drawn through literature survey on the research topic with questionnaires and interviews to the four big Korean oil refineries.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.209-230
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• 2014

There are three forms of REITs company in Korea that was first introduced in 2002. Each REITs have been listed on the KRX, its characteristics are different, but it is classified as a REITs company in all events. REITs current methods are applied uniformly manner that does not reflect the characteristics of the individual. REITs some, that is not seen unlike legislative intent, it is delisted, such as generating an investment loss of investors. In this study it is an object of the invention from the point of view of REITs business validity, to draw up operational support aggressive plans of the scheme. By improving the PF assesment system, to improve the relevance of REIT business and presenting policy direction to the activation of REITs. Through the sophistication of real estate finance utilizing REITs, policy for proper investment of general investors REITs funds were listed with the smooth flow must be realized. The results of this study, it can be utilized as basic data for policy to reflect the real estate policy for activation of the indirect financial investments.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.134-144
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• 2010

In China, the enhancement of water services has become the most crucial issue confronted with the rapid urbanization and industrialization process. A huge financial gap to meet the demand for water infrastructure and need for adopting advanced operation technology precipitated the rapid growth of PPP over the last 10 years. Diverse schemes of PPP such as TOT, Divestiture, and Management Contract and Lease have been practiced. Local governments and private investors/operator have adjusted their objectives and strategies to avoid potential pitfalls behind BOT projects in China. However, current academic research outcomes do not properly reflect important issues of BOT projects or related case studies in China. This limitation has brought in the lack of assessment of important risks and success factors required for the improvement of the body of risk management. In this regard, this study uses the market analysis method to identify major schemes of PPP water projects and conducts case studies on five PPP projects to identify key risk and success factors in association with each different scheme. It is expected that the risk and success factors identified from the cases will be used as reference to Korean companies which plan to enter the Chinese water market.