• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.1455-1456
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• 2013

최근 스마트 이동단말에 장착된 영상 센서를 통해 획득한 영상에서 실시간으로 사용자의 눈을 인식하거나 시선을 추적하여 콘텐츠 제어, 행태 분석 등을 수행하는 기술에 대한 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 기존의 영상 분석 기반 시선 추적 기술은 고가의 시선 추적기를 기반으로 하며, 추적한 시선 좌표를 통해 실제 응시객체를 분석하는 사후 작업이 필요하다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 OpenCV를 기반으로 스마트 이동단말의 전면에 장착된 영상 센서에서 사용자의 눈을 인식하고, 시선을 추적한 후, 이를 실시간으로 시선 좌표와 화면의 콘텐츠 내 객체 영역을 매칭함으로써, 응시객체를 분석하는 스마트 이동단말 기반 시선 추적기를 설계하였다. 본 논문의 시선 추적기는 시선 추적을 수행하기 위해, 사용자에게 5개의 화면 교정점을 제공하고 응시하도록 하여 시선 추적 범위를 측정한다. 또한, 스마트 이동단말에 내장된 자이로스코프 센서를 통해 기울기가 변경될 시, 이를 반영하여 시선 교정을 수행하도록 설계하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.91-98
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop and test an eye tracker focusing on early childhood participants, based on the characteristics of early childhood eye tracking studies. Eye tracking collects eye movement data of the subject, which provides scientific evidence of human cognition and thinking. The researcher built a Do It Yourself eye tracker camera module from general electronic components, and used Viewpoint analysis software from Arrington Research. The researcher compared the eye tracking data between the DIY eye tracker group and Tobii Pro eye tracker group, which provides a professional eye tracking system. Eye tracking data was collected from 52 five-year old children. The average proportion of valid trials between the two groups was compared with t test, and no significant difference was found. This result indicates that the DIY eye tracker can be used to collect valid eye tracking data from young children under certain research environment.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.334-351
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• 2018

Teacher's gaze empathy for students in science class is considered to be effective in enhancing the learning effect. Thus, studies on gaze empathy have been conducted, but most of the studies are just to reveal the characteristics of gaze. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with a research to raise the level of science teacher's gaze empathy. The purpose of this study is to develop an instruction consulting strategy based on eye tracking for improving science teachers' gaze empathy. In this study, we selected and analyzed relevant literature on teacher's gaze empathy. We also designed a consulting strategy and then revised the design through expert reviews on validity and reliability. The developed consulting strategy was aimed to improve science teacher's gaze empathy and set quantitative goal based on eye tracking. The consulting strategy consisted of six steps: preparation for consulting, measurement and analysis of teacher's gaze empathy, instruction and feedback of gaze empathy, training for improving gaze empathy, evaluation of consulting result, and completion of the consulting. In addition, the consultation was completed or repeated again through the measurement and evaluation of gaze empathy using eye tracking. The developed consulting strategy has a value in that it provides an alternative with quantitative diagnosis and prescription for improving gaze empathy. The strategy can contribute to enhance teacher professional competency through the analysis of teaching behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.160-163
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• 2009

본 연구는 생리신호에 의한 집중된 시선과 집중하지 않는 시선을 분류하고자 한다. 이를 검증하기 위해 시각적으로 높은 집중과 낮은 집중을 요구하는 두가지 과제를 피실험자에게 제시하고 PPG(Photoplethysmogram), GSR(Galvanic Skin Response) 그리고 SKT(Skin Temperature)센서를 사용한 자율신경계 반응과 시선 움직임을 측정하였다. 과제는 $3{\times}3$으로 화면 구역을 나누고 각 구역에 문자를 제시하고 역방향 문자를 찾도록 하였다. 실험에는 20 명의 대학생이 참여하였으며, 1 번의 실험에 12 종류의 다른 문자배열을 제시 받았으며 1 번의 연습을 포함하여 총 5 회 실시후 데이터를 분석하였다. 높은 집중일 경우와 낮은 집중일 경우를 T-test 분석 결과, 자율신경계에서는 높은 집중일 경우 PPG 주파수가 증가하고 GSR과 SKT는 감소한 결과를 보였다. 따라서 시선의 집중도에 따라 다른 자율신경계 반응과 시선반응을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2022

The size of the virtual reality market is growing every year, but cybersickness that occurs in virtual reality has not been resolved yet. In this paper, results were derived through experiments on the relationship between cybersickness and gaze guidance occurring in virtual reality contents. Using eye tracking technique, the relationship of gaze movement with cybersickness was identified. The experiment was divided into two groups to find out whether visual induction affects cyber sickness. In addition, the results were analyzed by dividing the two groups to check whether cyber sickness showed different results according to gender. We also analyzed using the SSQ questionnaire to measure cybersickness. We tried to understand the relationship between gaze guidance and cybersickness through two methods. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the induction of a clear gaze caused the concentration of the gaze, and it was effective in cybersickness through the rotation of the camera. In order to alleviate cyber sickness, it has been confirmed that concentrating one's eyes through gaze-guided production is effective for cyber sickness. It is hoped that this result will be used as a way to alleviate cyber sickness for producers who want to use virtual reality to produce content.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 2018

For satisfying consumer needs, commercial facilities require a variety of sale-related space expressions and eye-catching product arrangements; space composition can also be a direct marketing strategy. The human eye is the sensory organ that acquires the largest amount of information, and an analysis of visual information helps in understanding visual relations between . However, the existing studies are mostly focused on analysis of still frames in experimental images, and there is a lack of studies analyzing gaze information based on mobile images of commercial spaces. Therefore, this study analyzed emotional responses through gaze information of space users in reality using a video of a movement route through a commercial facility. The analysis targeted straight sections of the moving route; based on the data acquired, sectional characteristics of five gaze intensity ranges were examined. As a result, section A, the starting point of the route, had a low gaze intensity, while section B had the highest gaze intensity. This indicates that, starting in section B, the subjects explored the space in a stable way and needed time to adapt to the experimental video. In relation to space characteristics of the gaze-concentrated area, display formats of the right stores in 4 of 6 sections received greater attention. The gaze of consumers was mostly focused on props, and big gaze information was revealed in showcase display formats of the stores. In conclusion, this analysis method can provide highly useful direct design data about merchandise display and merchandise component arrangement based on consumer visual preference.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.275-296
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of gaze and the change of the proof learning achievement after learning the analytic method for proof to mathematical gifted students using eye tracking technique. In order to complete the purpose of this study, a mixed method research was used, that is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative analysis was conducted based on the data obtained through the eye tracker, and qualitative analysis was also done using post interview data to make up for the quantitative analysis. The subjects of this study were 8 mathematical gifted 3rd grade middle school students in the gifted education center. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the learning of analysis leads to a change of gaze in the proof learning of students. The students, after learning the analysis, moved their gaze from the bottom to the top when solving the proof problem, and the occupancy rate of the gaze to the bottom of the proof was higher than the higher part. Second, the change of gaze caused by the learning of the analysis have a correlation with the achievement of the proof learning and it can be seen that the method learning improves the achievement of the proof learning of the students.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.409-414
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• 2021

본 연구는 소셜로봇 디자인 연구의 흐름 중 하나인 로봇의 외형에 관하여 시선 추적을 활용하고자 한다. 소셜로봇의 몸 전체, 얼굴, 눈, 입술 등의 관심 영역으로부터 측정된 사용자의 시선 추적 지표와 디자인평가 설문을 통하여 파악된 사용자의 태도를 연결하여 소셜로봇의 디자인에 연구 모형을 구성하였다. 구체적으로 로봇에 대한 사용자의 태도를 형성하는 메커니즘을 발견하여 로봇 디자인 시 참고할 수 있는 구체적인 인사이트를 발굴하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서 사용된 시선 추적 지표는 고정된 시간(Fixation), 첫 응시 시간(First Visit), 전체 머문 시간(Total Viewed), 그리고 재방문 횟수(Revisits)이며, 관심 영역인 AOI(Areas of Interests)는 소셜로봇의 얼굴, 눈, 입술, 그리고 몸체로 설계하였다. 그리고 디자인평가 설문을 통하여 소셜로봇의 감정 표현, 인간다움, 얼굴 두각성 등의 소비자 신념을 수집하였고, 종속변수로 로봇에 대한 태도로 설정하였다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.55.1-55.1
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• 2010

대마젤란 은하에 속한 식쌍성의 시선속도 곡선을 완성하기 위하여 2009년 11월 칠레에 위치한 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO)의 1.5m 망원경과 R-C Spectrograph를 사용하여 중 분산 분광관측을 수행하였다. 분광관측은 380nm - 540nm 영역에서 $H_8,\;H_{\varepsilon},\;H_{\delta},\;H_{\Gamma},\;H_{\beta}$ 등의 흡수선을 관측하였다. 중분산으로 관측된 식쌍성의 각 구성원별에서 나오는 흡수선들은 구별되지 않으므로 이를 구별하기 위하여 구성원들의 Flux 비와 함께 gauss curves fitting 방법으로 각 흡수선들을 2개의 성분으로 분해하여 시선속도를 측정하고, 시선속도곡선을 완성하였다. 완성된 이중 시선속도 곡선은 Wilson & Devinney 차등 보정법으로 분석하여, 궤도 장반경, 질량비, 계의 시선속도 등을 구하였다. 또한 각 식쌍성들의 광도곡선을 분석하여 측광학적인 해를 구하고, 최종적으로 분광 및 측광관측의 해를 혼합하여 대마젤란은하 식쌍성들의 절대량을 구하였다. 이후 이를 바탕으로 거리를 구하여 기존에 발표된 마젤란은하의 거리와 비교하였다.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.367-373
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a novel method to improve the accuracy of eye trackers and how to analyze them. The proposed method extracts a user profile information created by extracting gaze coordinates and color information based on the exact pupil information, and then, it maintains a high accuracy in the display. In case that extract the user profile information, the changes of the accuracy for the gaze time also is estimated and the optimum parameter value is extracted. In the experimental results for the accuracy of the gaze detection, the accuracy was low if a user took a short time in a specific point. On the other hand, when taking more than two seconds, the accuracy was measured more than 80 %.