• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.771-780
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• 2001

It is indispensable to use the process and device simulation tool in order to analyze accurately the electrical characteristics of ULSI CMOS devices, in addition to developing and manufacturing those devices. The 3D Monte Carlo (MC) simulation result is not efficient for large-area application because of the lack of simulation particles. In this paper is reported a new efficient simulation strategy for 3D MC ion implantation into large-area application using the 3D MC code of TRICSI(TRansport Ions into Crystal Silicon). The strategy is related to our newly proposed split-trajectory method and ion-splitting method(ion-shadowing approach) for 3D large-area application in order to increase the simulation ions, not to sacrifice the simulation accuracy for defects and implanted ions. In addition to our proposed methods, we have developed the cell based 3D interpolation algorithm to feed the 3D MC simulation result into the device simulator and not to diverge the solution of continuous diffusion equations for diffusion and RTA(rapid thermal annealing) after ion implantation. We found that our proposed simulation strategy is very computationally efficient. The increased number of simulation ions is about more than 10 times and the increase of simulation time is not twice compared to the split-trajectory method only.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.423-434
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• 1995

It was used boundary element method(BEM) and analysed axisymmetric problem to solve hydraulic cylinder for large vessel acting uniform internal pressure(25N/m super(2)) within elastic limit. This paper was utilized the carbon steel tubes for machine structural purposed model, inner radius was 150mm and outer radius was 250mm, axial length was semi-infinite and the isoparametric element was used. The important results obtained in this study were summarized as follows. Radial, tangential and shearing stress occured the maximum stresses(48, -20 and 34MPa) at the inner radius and the minimum stresses(32, -4 and 18MPa) at the outer radius of the hydraulic cylinder for large vessel. But negative signs have meaning compressive stress and stress diminution ratio was about 0.15MPa/mm. The use of isoparametric element raised accuracy and the increment of input data lessened the error in internal point but computer run-time was increased. The double node was improved the internal solutions to settle discontinuity at corner and the double exponential formula lessened error of stress value at boundary neighborhood. And then coincidence between the analytical and exact results is found to be fairly good, showing that the proposed analytical by BEM is reliable.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.777-786
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• 2014

Mt. Ontake is the second highest volcano in Japan. On 02:52 Universal Time Coordinated(UTC), 27th September 2014, Ontake volcano began on the large eruption without notice. Due to the recent eruption, 55 people were killed and around 70 people injured. Therefore, This paper performed numerical experiment to analyse damage effect of volcanic ash corresponding to Ontake volcano erupt. The forecast is based on the outputs of the HYSPLIT Model for volcanic ash. This model, which is based on the UM numerical weather prediction data. Also, a quantitative analysis of the ash dispersion area, it has been detected using satellite images from optical Communication, Ocean and Meterological Satellite-Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (COMS-GOCI) images. Then, the GOCI detected area and simulated ash dispersion area were compared and verified. As the result, the similarity showed the satisfactory result between the detected and simulated area. The concordance ratio between the numerical simulation results and the GOCI images was 38.72 % and 13.57 %, Also, the concordance ratio between the JMA results and the GOCI images was 9.05 % and 11.81 %. When the volcano eruptions, volcanic ash range of damages are wide more than other volcanic materials. Therefore, predicting ash dispersion studies are one of main way to reduce damages.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2014

The special observation using Radiosonde was performed to investigate precipitation events over the east coast of Korea during the winter season from 5 January to 29 February 2012. This analysis focused on the various indices to describe the characteristics of the atmospheric instability. Equivalent Potential Temperature (EPT) from surface (1000 hPa) to middle level (near 750 hPa) was increased when the precipitation occurred and these levels (1000~750 hPa) had moisture enough to cause the instability of atmosphere. The temporal evolution of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) appeared to be enhanced when the precipitation fell. Similar behavior was also observed for the temporal evolution of Storm Relative Helicity (SRH), indicating that it had a higher value during the precipitation events. To understand a detailed structure of atmospheric condition for the formation of precipitation, the surface remote sensing data and Automatic Weather System (AWS) data were analyzed. We calculated the Total Precipitable Water FLUX (TPWFLUX) using TPW and wind vector. TPWFLUX and precipitation amount showed a statistically significant relationship in the north easterly winds. The result suggested that understanding of the dynamical processes such as wind direction be important to comprehend precipitation phenomenon in the east coast of Korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 1971

한국인(韓國人)의 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)과 1일소비열량(日消費熱量)을 측정(測定)하기 위하여 Douglas씨(氏) ${\ulcorner}$빽${\lrcorner}$과 Scholander씨(氏) ${\ulcorner}$가스${\lrcorner}$ 분석기(分析器)를 사용(使用)하여 넓은 연령(年齡), 직종(職種), 활동(活動)의 영역(領域)에 긍(亘)하여 실험(實驗)을 행(行)하였다. 938 예(例)의 기초대사측정치(基礎代謝測定値)는 Boothby, Fleish, Robertson and Reid 등(等)의 표준치(標準値)와 근사(近似)하였다. 겨울에는 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)은 9.9%의 증가(增加)를 또한 수면중(睡眠中)의 대사량(代射量)은 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)의 약(約) 94%이었다. 또한 Sanborn Metabulator를 사용(使用)하여 1,000 명(名) 이상(以上)의 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)을 측정(測定)하였다. 또한 여러 가지 동작(動作) 활동중(活動中)의 소비열량(消費熱量)이 측정(測定)되었다. 하루의 전소비열량(全消費熱量)은 $3{\sim}7$일간(日間)에 긍(亘)하여 하루 24시간(時間)의 활동상황(活動狀況)을 분단위(分單位)로 기록(紀錄), 집계(集計)하고 이것과 기초대사량(基礎代謝量) 및 개별활동시(個別活動時)의 소비열량(消費熱量)을 참작(參酌), 계산(計算)하였다. 수면중(睡眠中)의 소비열량(消費熱量)은 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)에 준(準)하였는데 사무원(事務員), 교원(敎員), 의사(醫師), 약사(藥師), 점원(店員), 운전수(運轉手), 건축기사(建築技師), 설계사(設計師), 응원사(應園師), 목공(木工), ${\ulcorner}$펜기${\lrcorner}$ 공등(工等)의 1일소비열량(日消費熱量)은 FAO 한국협회책정(韓國協會策定)의 한국인(韓國人) ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$에 근사(近似)하였고 ${\ulcorner}$쿡${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$웨이터${\lrcorner}$, 농부(農夫), 사공(士工), 기계공(機械工), 석공(石工)은 중등정도(中等程度)의 노동(勞動)의 3,000 ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$나 또는 중(重)한 노동(勞動)의 3,900 ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$에, 가정주부(家政主婦), 하녀(下女), ${\ulcorner}$디자이너${\lrcorner}$는 여자(女子)의 중등정도(中等程度) 노동(勞動)의 2,200 ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$, 간호원(看護員), 청소부(淸掃婦), ${\ulcorner}$쿡${\lrcorner}$ 방(房)바닥연마공(硏磨工)은 중(重)한 노동(勞動)의 2,800${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$에 모심기 하는 날의 농부(農夫)는 격심(激甚)한 노동(勞動)의 4,100${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$에 각각(各各) 가까웠다. 여자(女子)일지라도 포제용(鋪製用) 돌까기와 돌날르기는 남자(男子)의 중노동정도(重勞動程度)의 ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$를 소비(消費)하였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2011

To prevent cardiac diseases, quantifying cardiac function is important in routine clinical practice by analyzing blood volume and ejection fraction. These works have been manually performed and hence it requires computational costs and varies depending on the operator. In this paper, an automatic left ventricle segmentation algorithm is presented to segment left ventricle on cardiac magnetic resonance images. After coil sensitivity of MRI images is compensated, a K-mean clustering scheme is applied to segment blood area. A graph searching scheme is employed to correct the segmentation error from coil distortions and noises. Using cardiac MRI images from 38 subjects, the presented algorithm is performed to calculate blood volume and ejection fraction and compared with those of manual contouring by experts and GE MASS software. Based on the results, the presented algorithm achieves the average accuracy of 6.2mL${\pm}$5.6, 2.9mL${\pm}$3.0 and 2.1%${\pm}$1.5 in diastolic phase, systolic phase and ejection fraction, respectively. Moreover, the presented algorithm minimizes user intervention rates which was critical to automatize algorithms in previous researches.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.330-338
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• 2018

The proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller has been widely used in the industry because of its robust performance and simple structure in a wide range of operating conditions. However, the AVR(Automatic Voltage Regulator) as a control system is not robust to variations of the power system parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to use PID controller to increase the stability and performance of the AVR system. In this paper, a novel design method for determining the optimal PID controller parameters of an AVR system using the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is presented. The proposed approach has superior features, including easy implementation, stable convergence characteristic and good computational efficiency. In order to assist estimating the performance of the proposed PSO-PID controller, a new performance criterion function is also defined. This evaluation function is intended to reflect when the maximum percentage overshoot, the settling time are given as design specifications. The ITAE evaluation function should impose a penalty if the design specifications are violated, so that the PSO algorithm satisfies the specifications when searching for the PID controller parameter. Finally, through the computer simulations, the proposed PSO-PID controller not only satisfies the given design specifications for the terminal voltage step response, but also shows better control performance than other similar recent studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

In the semi-conductor process, a simulation process is performed to detect defects by analyzing the behavior of the impurity through the physical quantity calculation of the inner element. In order to perform the simulation, Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) algorithm is used. The improvement of semiconductor which is composed of nanoscale elements, the size of simulation is getting bigger. Problems that a processor such as CPU or GPU cannot perform the simulation due to the massive size of matrix or a computer consist of multiple processors cannot handle a massive FDTD may come up. For those problems, studies are performed with parallel/distributed computing. However, in the past, only single type of processor was used. In GPU's case, it performs fast, but at the same time, it has limited memory. On the other hand, in CPU, it performs slower than that of GPU. To solve the problem, we implemented a computing model that can handle any FDTD simulation regardless of size on the cluster which consist of heterogeneous processors. We tested the simulation on processors using MPI libraries which is based on 'point to point' communication and verified that it operates correctly regardless of the number of node and type. Also, we analyzed the performance by measuring the total execution time and specific time for the simulation on each test.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.115-118
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• 2003

최근 MOM 기술은 비즈니스 로직을 수행하는 애플리케이션 서버의 필수적인 구성요소로서 자리잡고 있으며, 보통 수백에서 수천의 클라이언트 요청을 처리할 수 있는 능력을 제공한다. MOM 은 이러한 대용량의 클라이언트 요청을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해서 효율적이고 확장성있는(스케일러블) 네트워크 모듈이 필요하며, 다양한 네트워크 프로토콜을 지원해야 한다. MOM이 기본적으로 지원하는 메시징 기능은 PTP(Point-To-Point)와 publish/subscribe 메시징 도메인으로 나뉘는데 이 논문에서는 두 가지 메시징 도메인과 그룹통신 메시징 서비스 기능을 동시에 지원하는 MoIM-Message 시스템의 하부 통신 모듈의 설계에 대해 기술한다. PTP와 publish/subscribe 메시징을 지원하기 위해 세가지 프리미티브 메시징 오퍼레이션인 "synchronous send", "synchronous receive", "asynchronous receive"를 정의하였으며 하부 통신 모듈 역할을 하는 메시지 트랜스포트 관리 계층내의 트랜스포트 관리자 내에 구현되었다. 트랜스포트 관리자는 다양한 트랜스포트 프로토콜을 적용할 수 있도록 하기 위해 트랜스포트 어댑터로 설계되었으며, 대량의 통신 요청을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해 "polling with multiple service thread model" 기법을 적용하여 구현되었다. 또한, 모바일 클라이언트 환경을 지원하기 위해 클라이언트 측 통신 모듈을 IPaq PDA 상에 포팅하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 세 가지 프리미티브 메시징 오퍼레이션을 제공하는 통신 모듈은 MOM이 기본적으로 지원해야 할 메시징 도메인과 대용량의 클라이언트 요청을 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 구조를 가진다.es}8$ 모드를 모두 사용한 경우와 $8{\times}8$ 단일모드를 사용한 경우보다 계산 시간이 감소하였음을 확인하였다.행중인 MoIM-Messge서버의 네트워크 모듈로 다중 쓰레드 소켓폴링 모델을 적용하였다.n rate compared with conventional face recognition algorithms. 아니라 실내에서도 발생하고 있었다. 정량한 8개 화합물 각각과 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 스피어만 상관계수는 벤젠을 제외하고는 모두 유의하였다. 이중 톨루엔과 크실렌은 총 휘발성 유기화합물과 좋은 상관성 (톨루엔 0.76, 크실렌, 0.87)을 나타내었다. 이 연구는 톨루엔과 크실렌이 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 좋은 지표를 사용될 있고, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌 등 많은 휘발성 유기화합물의 발생원은 실외뿐 아니라 실내에도 있음을 나타내고 있다.>10)의 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 얻었다. 결론: $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ 핵반응을 이용하여 친전자성 방사성동위원소 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 생산하였다. 표적 챔버는 알루미늄으로 제작하였으며 본 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.었으나 움직임 보정 후 영상을 이용하여 비교한 경우, 결합능 변화가 선조체 영역에서 국한되어 나타나며 그 유의성이 움직임 보정 전에 비하여 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 뇌활성화 과제 수행시에 동반되는 피험자의 머리 움직임에 의하여 도파민 유리가 과대평가되었으며 이는 이 연구에서 제안한 영상정합을 이용한 움직임 보정기법에

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.207-216
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• 2003

To evaluate the smear zone caused by the drain installation, 10 piezometers were installed in the typical soft ground in the western coastal area of Korea. The dynamic pore water pressure developed during the drain installation was monitored using piezometers installed at a distance of 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm and 50cm from the location of the drain. The decay of pore pressure with time after pushing piezometers to depths of 5 meters and 7 meters during the drain installation was monitored to assess flow and consolidation characteristics of the soil after disturbance of the soil due to the drain installation. The drain installation results in shear strain and displacement of the soil and it decreases the permeability of the soil. Hence, the comparison between dissipation of the pore water pressure process in 10 pieszometers before as well as after installation of the drain indicated the diameter of disturbance zone and smear zone, which is related to the cross-sectional dimension of the mandrel. In addition, Cone-pressuremeter(CPM) tests were performed to obtain rigidity index of the soil for an interpretation of the dissipation processes. It has been evaluated by in-situ tests that the smear zone is from 3.0 to 3.6 times of the cross-sectional dimension of the mandrel. The hydraulic conductivity expressed in terms of the coefficient of consolidation after the drain installation was calculated from 3 to 8 times decrease evaluated by Teh & Houlsby equation and CPM test results.