• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.191-191
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• 2023

기후변화 대응을 위한 탄소 중립의 중요성이 대두되는 요즘, 생태계의 가장 큰 메탄 저장소로서 지구의 탄소 순환에 주요한 영향을 미치는 습지에 대한 이해는 필수적이다. 전지구 지면 모델인 Community Land Model(CLM)에 Functionally Assembled Terrestial Ecosystem Simulator(FATES) 외부 모듈을 함께 구동한 지면 생태계 모델 CLM-FATES는 지면 heterogeneity와 다양한 식생 종류를 고려하여 에너지 플럭스, 토양 수문, 생화학적 과정 등을 모의함으로써 탄소 동태 변화를 포함한 장기적 생태계 동태 변화 모의를 가능하게 한다. 본 연구는 CLM-FATES 모델을 미국 캘리포니아주 Mayberry Wetland (US-Myb)와 Twitchell East End Wetland (US-Tw4)에 적용하였다. 모델의 대기 입력 자료로는 FLUXNET-CH4에서 제공하는 에디 공분산 기반 플럭스 관측 자료를 사용하였다. 기존 CLM-FATES 모델은 토양이 장기간 포화 혹은 침수되어 지표 위 혹은 지표면 가까이 발달한 지하수면을 가지고 있는 습지의 수문학적 특성을 잘 반영하지 못해 정밀한 습지 생태계 동태 변화 모의에 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CLM-FATES를 통한 보다 정확한 습지 생태계 모의를 위해 모델 내 토양 수문 관련 모듈을 수정하여 모델이 습지의 수문학적 특성을 반영할 수 있도록 하였다. 모델 구동 결과 도출한 잠열, 총일차생산량(Gross Primary Production: GPP)과 순생태계생산량(Net Ecosystem Production, NEP) 플럭스, 메탄 플럭스, 엽면적지수(Leaf Area Index; LAI)와 지표수 높이에 대해 관측값 대비 RMSE 및 R² 값을 계산하여 모의 결과의 적절성을 분석하였다. 이러한 모델 개선 경험을 바탕으로 추후 우리나라 습지 사이트에 모델을 적용하여 습지 탄소 동태 예측에 활용할 계획이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2000

지리산왕등재 습지의 바람직한 관리를 위하여 미국야생생물보호청(US Fish & Wildlife Service)에서 개발한 습지 유형 분류방법론을 적용하여 유형분류와 평가를 수행하였다. 지리산왕등재 습지는 계(System), 아계(Subsystem), 강(Class), 아강(Subclass), 수영역(Water Regime), 수문지형 단위 (Hydrogeomorphic Units), 저질/우점유형 (Substrate/Dominants Type)의 계층적 분류체계에 따라 소호소습지생태계(Palustrine wetland system), 정수습지생태계 강, 영속형 정수식물 습지생태계 아강, 영구적으로 습윤한 수영역, 범주성 수화학(pH 6.1), 산악의 영구적인 초원 수문지형, 저질은 유기체 유형(이탄토)으로 사초과와 고랭이속이 우점하는 습지로 분류되었다. 지리산 왕등재 습지와 비교하여 대암산 용늪의 분류체계는 이끼/지의류 강, 이끼 아강, 영구적으로 습윤한 수영역, 산성의 수화학, 저질은 유기체 유형(이탄토)으로 물이끼가 우점하고 관속식물이 혼재하는 유형으로 분류되어 많은 차이가 난 반면, 무제치늪은 매우 유사한 습지유형으로 우점유형(진퍼리새 우점)과 특정 종에서만 차이가 났다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.48-55
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• 2004

본 연구는 중 저해상도 위성영상을 이용하여 하천주변 습지를 판별해내는 보다 개선된 기법을 개발해 내는데 그 목적이 있다. 중 저해상도 위성영상의 하나의 화소는 일반적으로 하나의 동질한 물체의 분광반사값을 나타내기보다는 다양한 분광값을 가진 물체들의 대표값으로 나타나게 된다. 특히 본 연구에서는 식생, 수문 및 토양요소의 혼합체인 습지의 판별을 위해서, 하나의 화소가 하나의 물체를 대표함을 전제로 하는 기존의 분석방법 보다는, 혼합화소 (mixed pixel)를 대상지 의 토지 피복을 가장 잘 반영 하는 순수한 화소값(endmember)들로 분해함으로써 보다 정확한 판별 및 분류를 가능케 하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 일반적으로 극세분광 위성영상의 분석에 활용되는 기법인 분광혼합화소분석(Spectral Mixture Analysis)을 이용하였는데, 습지 각 화소의 식생, 수문 및 토양요소의 흔합정도를 분해한 후, 이들의 분할영상 (fraction images)을 추출해내고 이를 분석에 이용하였다. 팔당상수원보호구역의 소택형 습지를 대상으로 봄 가을의 Landsat 영상에 대한 분석을 수행하였으며, 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 봄 가을 각각의 영상에 대하여 4개씩 endmember를 선정하였으며, 분할영상과 원자료 각각에 대하여 습지판별을 수행한 결과, 가을영상에 대하여 분할영상을 이용한 방법의 소택 형 습지 판별 정확도가 가장 높은 값을 보여주었다(생산자 정확도 : 83.3%, 사용자 정확도 : 86.5%). 둘째, 소택형 습지로 판별된 지역만을 대상으로 보다 세분화된 분류가 가능한 지 알아보기 위하여 소택형 습지로 판별된 지역의 영상에 대해 ISODATA 무감독분류를 수행한 결과 2개의 클러스터로 대별되었다. 현장조사, 기존 연구의 수심자료 및 식생에 대한 조사를 바탕으로 위의 2개의 클러스터를 조사한 결과, 수문조건에 따른 분류인 아계(subsystem) 단계의 '영구적 침수형 소택형 습지'와 '계절적 침수형 소택형 습지'로 분류할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2018

The Benangkimi wetland, which serves as a stopover place for migratory birds in the Dadohae Marine National Park in Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, is a place where various species and a large number of migratory birds are observed. In order to provide an effective and scientific management plan for the habitat environment of migratory birds, we carried out field survey of Benangkimi wetland. The field survey and survey on habitat use of migratory birds were conducted in parallel to obtain the basic data of hydraulics and hydrology. The hydraulic and hydrological survey of Benangkimi wetland was conducted 1-2 times a year during the period of 2015-2016 (two years). It was classified into 4 sectors according to the topography and geology, rainfall, hydraulic characteristics, and wetland conditions. The 3 sectors same as the migratory birds survey sector and the 1 sector as the inflow of the wetland were analyzed. The survey also focused on small migratory birds arriving at Benangkimi wetland during the spring and autumn season. As a result of investigating the population and species in each section, the habitat environment was different according to the water depth, sediment thickness and salinity. Migratory birds prefer hydraulic and hydrological characteristics. This study will be used for the scientific management of Benangkimi wetland, which serves as a stopping point for migratory birds, and it will contribute to basic data of ecology - hydraulics by examining the relationship between habitat environment and hydrological data.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.318-326
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• 2017

Riverine wetlands were reduced and damaged by dredging of rivers and constructing parks in wetlands by Four Rivers Project from 2008 to 2013. Therefore, replacement wetlands were constructed for the compensation of wetland loss by the government. However, It is not enough to manage replacement wetlands. In order to manage the wetlands efficiently, it is necessaty to assess the functions of the wetlands and to manage them according to their functions. Here we performed functional assessments for a replacement wetland called Gangcheon wetland using the modified HGM approach. Hydrological, biogeochemical, animal habitat, and plant habitat functions for the wetland were assessed. To assess the functions, we collected informations for modified HGM approach from the monitored hydrologic data, field survey, published reports and documents for before and after the project, and hydraulic & hydrologic modeling. As the results of the assessment, the hydrological function for the replacement wetland showed 65.5% of the reference wetland, biogeochemical function showed 66.6%, plant habitat function showed 75%, and animal habitat function showed 108.3%. Overall, Gangcheon wetland function after the project was reduced to 78.9% of the function before the project. The decrease in hydrological function is due to the decrease of subsurface storage of water. And the decrease in biogeochemical & pland habitat functions is due to the removal of sandbank around the Gangcheon wetland. To compensate for the reduced function, it is necessary to expand the wetland area and to plant the various vegetation. The modified HGM used in this study can take into account the degree of improvement for replacement wetlands, so it can be used to efficiently manage the replacement wetlands. Also when the wetland is newly constructed, it will be very useful to assess the change of function of the wetland over time.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2008

In recent days, the cases of using wetlands in treating waste water, storm events, mining leachate, and agriculture effluents are increasing. But there is the lack of the data for wetlands because of the difficulty in long term monitoring. Such an aspect makes the proper use of wetland impractical. In this study for the purpose of generating a long term hydrologic data, the time series of storage amount for Upo, Mokpo, Sajipo, and Jjokjibeol in Topyeong watershed is simulated using SWAT model. Based on the SWAT-Topyeong model involved in several scenarios for constructing new washlands in Topyeong watershed, the temporal behavior of new washlands is analyzed. It is also revealed that the constructed washland can affect the Upo in some degrees.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2004

A hydraulically and hydrologically based estimation method of pollutant delivery load for water quality modeling is proposed. The proposed method works on grid basis and routes overland flows from one cell to the next following the maximum downslope directions. The method is able to consider spatially-varied data of source pollutant, topography, land slopes, soil characteristics, land use and aspects, which can be extracted from geographic information systems (GIS) and from digital elevation models (DEMs). Because of this feature, the proposed method can be expected to be used for evaluating the impacts of various practices on watershed management for water quality.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2009

Gotjawal forest refers to the forest covering the rocky area of "AA Lava" on Jeju Island of South Korea. In this article it is shown that Gotjawal forest is an internationally important wetland under the Ramsar Convention. Gotjawal forest should be regarded as a wetland because it is a subterranean hydrological system, which is classified as wetland under the Ramsar Convention. And Gotjawal forest is an internationally important wetland because it is the representative wetland type of Jeju region with hydrological importance, and because it supports rare species of plants.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.275-289
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• 2011

We investigated the hydrological and geomorphological characteristics of small irrigation ponds in civilian control zone of Paju city in Korea. Among 85 small irrigation ponds, water level of 52 ponds changed seasonally and that of 33 was constant. Water sources of 12 ponds were surface water, 29 surface water and ground water, and 44 ground water. 4 ponds locate in the edges of forests, 33 in flat-lands, and 48 in valleys. Water in 45 ponds was exchanged with paddy fields and 40 ponds were isolated from paddy fields. Endangered or endemic species were inhabited in 26 ponds, which have ground water as water source and constant water level. Based on these characteristics, we suggested 4 types of small irrigation ponds: spring, water exchanging, stagnant/spring, stagnant water. This classification system will help ecosystem managers to investigate ponds systematically and manage them based on pond type.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

The groundwater-surface water interaction of Searsville Lake area, California, US was analyzed using 3-dimensional groundwater model. This study especially focuses on investigating the groundwater head drawdown near the lake when the abrupt decline of the lake water table occurs due to the implementation of the options to remove the accumulated sediments along the dam. The result of the investigation revealed that the groundwater head drawdown near the lake is not significant enough to adversely affect the wetland habitat of the area regardless of the hydrogeologic parameters of the aquifers. We expect this result provides useful information to the similar Korean case studies in which the surface water level abruptly changes due to the operation of the hydraulic gates of dams and wiers and the corresponding environmental impact should be considered.