• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2001

Halogen-based fire suppressing agents have been the most effective fire suppressants and widely used for flammable liquid and electric fire. However they have environmental problems causing stratospheric ozone depletion and globe warming. As a substitution of halon, fire suppression system using fine water mist is one of an effective fire suppressant. Suffocating and cooling effects of water mist are increased by the evaporation characteristics because it has droplet size less than 1,000 $\mu{m}$ and very large surface area. In this study, the extinguishing characteristics of fire was measured with changing of water mist droplet size, flow density; discharge pressure, and fire size. As a result, the extinguishing time of pool fire was shortened with the increase of flow density and in case of low flow density less than 0.5$\pm$0.05 ml/$\textrm{cm}^2$ . min, the extinguishing time was shortened with the increase of droplet size. The cycling discharge was effective for $\eta$-heptane pool fire, and total amount of water mist required to extinguish fire was reduced to a quarter compare with continuous discharge.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.47-56
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• 2003

In this paper, the cyclic soil behavior model. which can accommodate the cyclic hardening, was developed by modifying the original parallel IWAN model. In order to consider the irrecoverable plastic strain of soil. the cyclic threshold strain, above which the backbone curve deviates from the original curve, was defined and the accumulated strain was determined by summation of the strains above the cyclic threshold in the stress-strain curve with applying Masing rule on unloading and reloading curves. The isotropic hardening elements are attached to the original parallel IWAN model and the slip stresses in the isotropic hardening elements are shown to increase according to the hardening functions. The hardening functions have a single parameter to account for the cyclic hardening and are defined by the symmetric limit cyclic loading test in forms of accumulated shear strain. The model development procedures are included in this paper and the verifications of developed model are discussed in the companion paper.

• Composites Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.9-20
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• 2000

Free vibration characteristics of a cantilevered laminated composite beam with multiple non-propagating transverse open cracks are investigated. In the present analysis a special ply-angle distribution referred to as asymmetric stiffness configuration inducing the elastic coupling between chord-wise bending and extension is considered. The multiple open cracks are modelled as equivalent rotational springs whose spring constants are calculated based on the fracture mechanics of composite material structures. Governing equations of a composite beam with open cracks are derived via Hamilton's Principle and Timoshenko beam theory encompassing transverse shear and rotary inertia effect is adopted. The effects of various parameters such as the ply angle, fiber volume fraction, crack numbers, crack positions and crack depthes on the free vibration characteristics of the beam with multiple cracks are highlighted. The numerical results show that the existence of the multiple cracks in an anisotropic composite beam affects the free vibration characteristics in a more complex fashion compared with the beam with a single crack.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.705-711
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• 2019

Dynamic behaviors of the deployable composite reflector antenna are numerically and experimentally investigated. Equations of the motion are formalized using Kane's equation by considering multibody systems with two degrees of freedom such as folding and twisting angles. To interpret structural deformations of the reflector antenna, the composite reflector is modeled using a beam model with the FSDT(First-order Shear Deformation Theory). To determine design parameters such as a torsional spring stiffness and a damping coefficient depending on deployment duration, an inverted pendulum model is simply applied. Based on the determined parameters, dynamic characteristics of the deployable reflector are investigated. In addition, its results are verified and compared through deployment tests using a gravity compensation device.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.407-418
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• 2021

In this study, the two-dimensional flow model, Nays2DH, and driftwood dynamics model were combined to analyze the flow and driftwood behavior depending on the characteristics of the inflow of driftwood and the length of the driftwood stem. In particular, the Dashpot-spring model was added to the driftwood dynamics model to simulate the collision motion of the driftwood, and the wood jam characteristics by the collision of the driftwood were compared. As a result of the simulation, the pass rate of the obstacle section, the travel distance of wood jam, and the mean position of the wood pieces were respondent sensitively by the length of the driftwood stem, but the cohort size of the driftwood supply was insignificant excepting for the pass rate. Through this study, we could understand the interaction between hydraulic structures and driftwood, and through this, it is believed that it will be helpful in establishing a durable maintenance plan for hydraulic structures by predicting the transport and jam formation phenomena of driftwood in advance.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.137-144
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• 2019

For the structures near the seismogenic fault, the evaluation of seismic performance against near-fault ground motions is important as well as for design ground motions. In this study, characteristics of seismic behaviors and seismic performance of the pile-bent bridge constructed on the thick soft soil site with various weak soil layers were analyzed. The input ground motions were synthesized by the directivity pulse parameters for intra-plate regions. The ground motion acceleration histories of each layer were obtained by one-dimensional site response analysis. Each soil layer was modeled by equivalent linear springs, and multi-support excitations with different input ground motions at each soil spring were applied for nonlinear seismic analyses. The analysis result by the near-fault ground motions and ground motions matched to design spectra were compared. In case of the near fault ground motion input, the bridge behaved within the elastic range but the location of the maximum moment occurred was different from the result of design ground motion input.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.23-32
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• 1996

차량에서 엔진은 가장 큰 질량 집중체(concentrated mass)이다. 만약 엔진이 적절하게 구속되지 않거나 절연되어 있지 않으면, 차체에 진동을 일으키는 원인이 된다. 엔진은 다양한 진동 교란을 받는데 엔진 마운트는 이러한 모든 것들을 고립시키는 역할을 해야 하며, 엔진은 정적인 장착 하중에 대한 지지와 전후, 좌우 및 수직 방향의 운동에 대해 적절한 강성을 가져야 한다. 또한 정숙성을 향상시키기 위해서는 엔진 마운트의 재료인 고무의 강성계수를 낮추는 것이 필요한데 이는 일반적으로 내구성의 저하를 가져온다. 따라서 개발과정에서 강성계수를 낮추는 변경을 하면 부품의 내구성을 보정함에 따르는 재평가 또한 필요하게 된다. 엔진 마운트에 쓰이는 고무부품의 해석은 엔진 마운트 시스템에 대한 진동 해석 및 내구수명의 예측과 병행해야 하며, 진동해석으로부터 얻은 하중 지지 능력 등의 모든 요구 특성을 만족하기 위해서는 고무 재료의 특성에 대한 지식, 엔진 마운트의 장착 위치에 대한 결정 능력과 함께 주어진 조건에 대한 형상의 최적 설계 능력 등이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 기본적인 형상을 파라미터화하여 엔진 마운트의 형상을 최적화 하는 절차를 제안하였다. 현재 승용차에 널리 사용되고 있는 부시형(bush type) 엔진마운트를 적용 모델로 선택하였으며, 엔진 마운트의 기본적인 형상을 몇개의 파라미터를 사용하여 정의하고 설계 사양으로 주어지는 강성값과 각 파라미터들의 조합으로 구성되는 형상이 갖는 강성값의 차이가 최소가 되도록 파라미터 값들을 최적화하였다. 최적화된 파라미터 값들로 구성되는 형상을 내구 성능, 성형성등을 고려하여 최종 형상으로 결정한다. 내구성능의 예측은 금속부품의 내구수명 예측에 널리 이용되고 있는 방법이 방진 고무부품의 경우에도 적용 가능한지를 검토하고, 방진 고무부품에도 일반적으로 적용될수 있는 내구수명 예측방안의 개발 가능성을 타진해 보았다. 본 연구의 목표는 시제품을 제작하기 이전에 설계된 부품에 대한 스프링 상수 및 내구특성을 체계적으로 규명하여 제품 시험의 횟수를 줄이고, 보다 정밀한 제품을 제작할 수 있도록 하기 위한 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2010

In this study, a new equivalent modeling technique of rollingstock for 1-D collision dynamics was proposed using crash analysis of 3-D finite element model in some detail. To obtain good simulation results of 1-D dynamic model, the force-deformation curves of crushable structures should be well modelled with crash analysis of 3-D finite element model. Up to now, the force-deformation curves of the crushable structures have been extracted from crash analyses of sectionally partitioned parts of the carbody, and integrated into 1-D dynamic model. However, the results of the 1-D model were not satisfactory in terms of crash accelerations. To improve this problem, the force-deformation curves of the crushable structures were extracted from collision analysis of a simplified train consist in this study. A comparative study applying the suggested technique shows in good agreements in simulation results between two models for KHST.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

This study is concerned with the numerical investigation of dynamic characteristics of 2.5MW-class wind turbine gearbox in which the misalignment improvement of plenary gear shafts by the flexible pins and the dynamic impact response are analyzed by the finite element method. The tooth contact between gears is modelled using the line element having the equivalent tooth stiffness and the contact ratio to accurately and effectively reflect the load transmission in the internal complex gear system. The equivalent tooth stiffness is calculated by utilizing the tooth deformation analysis and the impulse torque is applied to the input shaft for the dynamics response characteristic analysis. Through the numerical experiments, the equivalent tooth stiffness model was validated and the misalignment improvement of planetary gear shafts was confirmed from the comparison with the cases of fixed shafts at one and both ends.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.174-186
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• 1991

There exist many frame structural systems which may be regarded as a combined structural system composed of beam/bar elements and attachments reducible to damped spring-mass systems. In this paper, analytical methods based on the receptance for the vibration analysis of such a system are presented. For the free vibration analysis and response calculations to point excitations, receptances of a uniform Timoshenko beam and a bar are derived in closed and spectral forms, and the method to obtain the system receptance by synthesizing the receptances of the elements and other subsystems is presented. The system damping property is also obtainable by sysnthesizing the components' damping properties. For calculations of the system responses to support motion, the Support Displacement Transfer Ratio(SDTR) of a uniform Timoshenko beam and a bar conceptually similar to the receptance is defined, and the method of synthesizing them with other subsystems' receptances is also presented. Such a method is very convenient especially in dynamic reanalysis subject to changes of some design variables.