• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2008

The comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) models between 3${\beta}$-Hydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid (1-30) analogues as substrate molecule and their inhibitory activities ($pI_{50}$) against protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B were derived and discussed quantitatively. Listing in order, the CoMFA>CoMSIA${\geq}$HQSAR>2D-QSAR model, these QSAR models had the better statistical values. The optimized CoMSIA F1 model at grid 3.0${\AA}$ had the best predictability and fitness ($q^2$=0.754 and $r^2$=0.976) by field fit alignment. The order of contribution ratio (%) of CoMSIA fields concerning the inhibitory activities was a H-bond acceptor (48.9%), steric field (25.8%) and hydrophobic field (25.4%), respectively. Therefore, the inhibitory activities of substrate molecules against PTP-1B were dependent upon H-bond acceptor field (A) of $R_4$-group. From the analytical results of CoMSIA contour maps, oleanolic acid derivatives will have better inhibition activities if $R_1$ group has H-bond acceptor disfavor, $R_3$group has steric disfavor and $R_4$ group has steric, hydrophobic, H-bond favor.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.398-406
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• 2013

For the maximal production of aphicidal metabolites produced by the Beauveria bassiana Bb08, statistical methods such as the Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology were used. The fungal culture filtrate was sprayed towards 3-star aphids and the mortality was examined. After the statistical analysis of the aphid mortality, the optimal culture conditions were found to be a culture temperature of $26.2^{\circ}C$, medium pH 5.9, flask shaking speed of 209.0 rpm, and culture time of 5.9 days. The expected mortality on days 4, 5, and 6 after spraying the filtrate on to the aphids were 76.8%, 84.9%, and 89.4%, respectively. All 4 factors of the culture conditions significantly affected the production of the aphicidal metabolites, and the order of significance was temperature, pH, culture time and shaking speed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2009

Objective : Purpose of this study is to study how Sensory Integration (SI) Intervention Program affect body-scheme and praxis ability of children with Developmental Disability (DD). Method : The SI intervention was programmed based on the theory of SI by Jean Ayres. Thirty children with DD underwent the SI program for six weeks. The effect of the SI intervention was evaluated in terms of body-scheme and praxis ability. Assessments used in this study are One-Point Imitation Test (OPIT) and 6 Body Puzzle Test (6BPT) for body-scheme; Praxis Test Sheet (PTS) for linguistic order, oral motor control, sequential praxis and Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) for postural praxis. Data of this study was analyzed by the paired t-test to compare before- and after the SI intervention. Results : Results of this study are (1) in the OPIT, there is significant difference on body-scheme ability (p<0.01); (2) in the PTS, there is significant difference on all three items (p<0.01); and (3) in the SIPT, there is significant difference on sensory integration and praxis function. Conclusions : From the results, it is concluded that sensory integration intervention is effective on body-scheme and praxis functions for children with developmental disability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2016

Traffic accident at intersections takes 44.3% of total number of accidents on entire road network of Korea in 2014. Although several studies addressed contributory factors of accidents at signalized intersection, very few is known about the factors at rural unsignalized intersections. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate specific characteristics of crashes at rural unsignalized intersection and to identify contributory factors in causing crashes by statistical approach using the Ordered Logistic Regression Model. The results show that main type of car crashes at unsignalized intersection during the daytime is T-bone crashes and the number of crashes at 4-legged intersections are 1.53 times more than that at 3-legged intersections. Most collisions are caused by negligence of drivers and violation of Right of Way. Based upon the analysis, accident severity is modeled as classified by two types such as 3-legged intersection and 4-legged intersection. It shows that contributory factors in causing crashes at rural unsignalized intersections are poor sight distance problem, average daily traffic, time of day(night, or day), angle of intersection, ratio of heavy vehicles, number of traffic violations at intersection, and number of lanes on minor street.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.671-681
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• 2002

The idea that parental involvement has a positive influence on gifted children is so intuitively appearing that society in general. and educators in particular, have considered parental involvement as the remedy for many problems in education. However the vast proportion of the literatures in this area give results qualitatively. Among the empirical studies that have investigated this issue quantitatively, there appear to be considerable inconsistencies. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the quantitative literatures about the relationship between parental involvement and gifted development. The findings reveal a moderate relationship between parental involvement and gifted development. We focused on the effect between parental involvement and gifted development, and conducted meta-analysis involving correlation coefficients between the two constructs. Using correlation coefficients, We can get the effect size, and explain the influence. We initially identified 539 articles over twelve-year period. Based on abstracts of these 539 articles, 463 studies were used for analyzing the current stream of the study. Finally, 15 studies met our inclusion criteria, and were subsequently used in this meta-analysis. From the 15 studies, 37 variables influenced on gifted development were collected. Using meta-analysis, it is revealed that internal effects for gifted development have stronger relationship than parents' socioeconomic status. In addition, the differences between female and male student have been reducing.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to offer some more effective marketing strategies for optical shops on a basis of analyses of what lifestyles influence most on 'store selection' and 'recommendation intention' and of what properties of 'store selection' influence most on 'recommendation intention'. Methods: Questionnaire surveys were conducted from the customers who visited the optical shops in Seoul and northern Gyeonggi-do region from January 1 to June 30, 2014. It was analyzed via utilizing SPSS v.20.0 statistical package program. Results: The results in lifestyle-factors which influence on store selection were arranged in order as follows: 'stability oriented', 'goal oriented', 'cultural activity oriented'. And the results in value-factors which influence on 'recommendation intention' were arranged in order as follows: 'stability oriented', 'health oriented'. The most positive factor for 'recommendation intention' was revealed as 'dealing with customers' among several factors of 'store selection'. Conclusions: Today's marketing activities for customers should be suited for different lifestyles of customers. Customers who have 'stability oriented', 'goal oriented', and 'cultural activity oriented' lifestyles tend to select optical shops in consideration of 21 items when selecting an optical shop. Customers who have 'stability oriented', and 'health oriented' lifestyles have positive influences related to 'recommendation intention'. Also, it is likely for customers to recommend optical shops to others when the factor 'dealing with customers' meets their expectations.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2014

Purpose: We propose an effective marketing strategy for eyeglasses stores on the basis of surveys about the relationships between customers' social values, customer satisfaction and selecting glasses store. Methods: All 245 surveys were conducted about customers had visited the eyeglasses store located in Seoul and Northern Gyeonggi-do regions from January 1 to June 30, 2014, and it were analyzed by SPSS v.20.0 statistical package program. Results: The order of customers' social values factors which have an influence on 'Selecting Store' is "Society oriented", "Ability oriented", "Freedom oriented" and "Happiness oriented". Also, the order of customers' social values factors which have an influence on satisfaction is "Society oriented", "Ability oriented". In addition, Customer Satisfaction is affected by Service, one of the factor of 'Selecting Store' factors. Conclusions: Each type of marketing activities should be conducted for customers by their various values. The best plan to elicit good reactions from customers is meeting them through "Society-oriented" factors. Meeting with customers through the "Ability-oriented" factors is second only to the best option. It is shown that the method to increase the satisfaction for customers' return visit is to manage 'Service factors' well.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.20-20
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• 1993

반복적인 일의 수행으로 인한 병인 누적외상병에 관해 살펴보고자 한다. 누적외 상병(Cumulative Trauma Disorders)이란 비교적 생소한 질환으로 손이나 어떤 신체 부위를 반복적으로 오래 사용하였을 때 오는 병이다. 이 질환은 200년전 이탈리아 의사인 Benardino Ramazinni에 의해 분류되었으나 최근까지 큰 관심을 끌지 못했 다. 이 병은 Tennis Elbow(테니스 팔꿈치) 또는 Triger Finger(방아쇠 손가락)등 으로 더 잘 알려져 왔다. 그리고 의학계에서는 Ganglions(수종)으로 알려져 왔다. 그러나 80년대의 탁상컴퓨터의 보급으로 많은 사무실에서 반복적인 작업을 연속적 으로 하게 되어 많은 사무원들이 누적외상병(CTD)으로 고통에 시달리게 되고, 심한 경우에는 수술까지 하게된다. 제안자 역시 이 병으로 손목수술을 받은 바 있는 데 이 병은 잠복기가 몇년씩 되는 직업병이다. 이병의 특성상 암과 같이 조기에 발견 하기 어렵고, 이것을 느꼈을 때는 대부분 너무 늦어 수술이 불가피한 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 누적외상병의 실체와 현재까지의 외국에서 수행된 연구결과를 소개하고, 현재 한국에서의 이병의 실태를 파악하기 위해 표본대상을 선정하여 설 문조사와 실측조사를 함께 수행하고자 한다. 표본대상으로 육체노동으로 반복작업 을 하는 (Blue-Color) 집단, 사무실에서 반복작업을 하는 (White-Color) 집단, 그리 고 가정에서 반복작업을 하게 되는 주부집단등으로 나누어 실태조사를 하고자 한다. 설문조사의 통계처리를 바탕으로 한국에서의 누적외상병에 관한 실태조사와 의식구 조까지를 진단해 보고자 한다. 그런 다음 총체적이고 최신의 이론과 연구에 바탕을 둔 해결책과 대안을 제시해 보고자 한다.콘에 대해 일반화시키기는 어려우나 이후에 행해질 Icon-based User Interface 분야의 많은 연구들의 기초가 될 것이다. 더불어 아이콘과 관련된 많은 요인들(문화적 영향, 아이콘 색깔, 크기, 아이콘의 위치등이 인식에 미치는 영향)에 대해서도 연구가 행해져야 할 것이다. 확인하고 각각의 기능을 분명히 했다.가 수월하게 하였고 메모리를 동적으로 관리할 수 있게 하였다. 또한 기존의 smpl에 디버깅용 함수 및 설비(facility) 제어용 함수를 추가하여 시뮬레이션 프로그램 작성을 용이하게 하였다. 예를 들면 who_server(), who_queue(), pop_Q(), push_Q(), pop_server(), push_server(), we(), wf(), printfct() 같은 함수들이다. 또한 동시에 발생되는 사건들의 순서를 조종하기 위해, 동시에 발생할 수 있는 각각의 사건에 우선순위를 두어 이 우선 순위에 의하여 사건 리스트(event list)에서 자동적으로 사건들의 순서가 결정되도록 확장하였으며, 설비 제어방식에 있어서도 FIFO, LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the volumetric change of teeth after preparation for various designs and margin locations through Micro CT analysis (Skyscan 1076: SKYSCAN, Konitch, Belgium). Materials and methods: The 36 artificial teeth were used to determine reduction volume of upper central incisor. According to the restorative design these 36 teeth were divided into 4 groups and according to the marginal location each group was divided into 3 subgroups. The volume of unprepared teeth was obtained by using Micro CT and the volume of prepared teeth was obtained in the same method. The CT scanned images before and after preparation were superimposed. Results: The volume difference was significantly increased as follows: traditional laminate veneer < full laminate veneer < all ceramic crown < metal ceramic crown. One-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison analyses were used to analyze the data in this study. In each group the volume difference was significantly increased as follows: 1 mm above CEJ < CEJ < 1 mm below CEJ (P<.05). The % volume difference of all ceramic crown and metal ceramic crown was 31 - 48% and that of laminate veneer was 14 - 30%. The volume difference of the traditional laminate veneer was 1/3 of that of metal ceramic crown. The full laminate (1 mm below CEJ) and all ceramic crown (1 mm above CEJ) showed a similar volume difference. Metal ceramic crown showed 13.7% more volume difference than all ceramic crown. Conclusion: There exists the difference in volumetric change according to designs of restoration and margin locations of preparation.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2018

Purpose : We identified correlation between macular thickness and RNFL (retina nerve fiber layer) measured by OCT and axial length in Korean children divided as three groups according to refractive errors. Methods : In total, 134 eyes of 67 Korean children who experienced no eye disease and ophthalmology surgery were involved in this study and then divided as three groups such as hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic groups. Macular thickness and RNFL thickness were measured with Cirrus HD-OCT, and axial length was done with IOL Master.Macular thickness and RNFL thickness were measured by Cirrus HD-OCT, and axial length using IOL Master. Correlation between axial length and retinal thickness in three groups according to refractive errors was investigated. Results : The type of refractive error measured by axial length was myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic groups in order, showing significant difference (p<0.05). The center thickness of macular was myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic groups in order, showing significant difference(p<0.05). The thicknesses of superior, nasal and inferior regions in peripheral macula were the thinnest in myopic group (p<0.05). It was shown that positive correlation was found between the center thickness of macula and axial length (r=0.283, p<0.05), while negative correlation was found between the peripheral thickness of RNFL and axial length. The temporal thickness of RNFL represented the thickest in myopic group, showing positive correlation with axial length(r=0.39, p<0.05). The superior, nasal and inferior thickness of RNFL represented negative correlation with axial length, showing statistically significant in the nasal thickness of RNFL(r=-0.23, p<0.05). Conclusion : Through this study, we identified correlation between macular thickness, the thickness of RNFL and axial length using OCT in Korean children, and also found the differences in three refractive error groups.