• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2012

This study investigated the lexical access processing of inflected Korean verbs in the mental lexicon. In Korean, verbs can be classified into two main types of inflections, which are regular and irregular inflections, which can be further divided into three types of regular inflections and two types of irregular inflections. A masked priming lexical decision task was used and the priming effects were compared. Experiments were carried out using the five different types of verbal inflections in Korean: (1) No change-regularity (regular verbs with no orthographical or phonological changes), (2) Phonological change-regularity (regular verbs with phonological changes to the stem only), (3) Orthographical change-regularity (regular verbs that only undergo orthographical changes), (4) Stem change-irregularity (the stem is omitted or alternated with the other phoneme of the stem in irregular verbs), (5) Ending change-irregularity (irregular verbs with changes in the endings by phoneme substitution). The first three types are regarded as regular verbal inflections whereas the latter two types are regarded as irregular verbal inflections. The infinitive forms of the verb were presented as target words and three different conditions were presented as prime words. The three conditions included regular verbal inflection, irregular verbal inflection, and a control condition in which morphologically and semantically unrelated primes were presented. In addition, different stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) were manipulated (43ms, 72ms, 230ms) to examine the time frame of the morphological decomposition process in word recognition. The results revealed that there were significant priming effects in all three SOAs across conditions. Hence, there was no significant differences in priming effects between regular and irregular verbal inflection conditions. This may suggest that Korean verb processing does not adopt different processing routes for regular and irregular inflections, which can also be an indication of earlier morphological information processing for Korean verbs.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.163-175
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose a method for analyzing suitable achievement standards for the nature of science curriculum. This can be done by introducing various analysis methods, as well as using practical examples to analyze the achievement standards that are the starting point for teaching and learning in the 2015 revised curriculum. In this paper, three methods are shown: ① the method suggested by the Gyeonggido Office of Education, ② the method using understanding verbs of backward design, ③ the method using Bloom's revised taxonomy. In addition, we propose a method to analyze the achievement standards of science curriculum utilizing the characteristics of science curriculum. This method takes advantage of the above three analysis methods. After separating the content and performance verbs, subdividing the performance verbs into the performance verbs of six aspects of understanding and restatement of the achievement standards, the restatement of achievement standards enabled the analysis of in-depth achievement standards by linking to a process-focused assessment plan considering the level of thinking by utilizing the two-dimensional framework of Bloom's revised taxonomy. Through this study, I hope that elementary school teachers will develop meaningful teaching and learning methods that utilize the essence of the subject through in-depth analysis of the achievement standards of science as a subject.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2006

최근 수년간 한국어를 위한 어휘의미망에 대한 관심은 꾸준히 높아지고 있지만, 그 결과물을 어떻게 평가하고 활용할 것인가에 대한 방안은 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 단어클러스터링 시스템 개발을 통하여, 어휘의미망에 의해 확장되기 전후의 클러스터링을 수행하여 데이터를 서로 비교하였다. 단어클러스터링 시스템 개발을 위해 사용된 학습 데이터는 신문 말뭉치 기사로 총 68,455,856 어절 규모이며, 특성벡터와 벡터공간모델을 이용하여 시스템A를 완성하였다. 시스템B는 구축된 '[-하]동사류' 3,656개의 어휘의미를 포함하는 동사어휘의미망을 포함하여 확장된 것으로 확장대상정보를 선택하여 특성벡터를 재구성한다. 대상이 되는 실험 데이터는 '다국어 어휘의미망-코어넷'으로 클러스터링 결과 나타난 어휘들의 세 번째 층위까지의 노드 동일성 여부로 정확률 검수를 하였다. 같은 환경에서 시스템A와 시스템B를 비교한 결과 단어클러스터링의 정확률이 45.3%에서 46.6%로의 향상을 보였다. 향후 연구는 어휘의미망을 활용하여 좀 더 다양한 시스템에 체계적이고 폭넓은 평가를 통해 전산시스템의 향상은 물론, 연구되고 있는 많은 어휘의미망에 의미 있는 평가 방안을 확대시켜 나가야 할 것이다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2003.10d
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 2003

시간정보는 사건 탐지/추적 시스템은 물론 정보 추출, 질의/응답 시스템 등에서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 한국어 신문 기사를 대상으로 시간 표현을 추출하고 정규화한 후 사건 관련 동사와 연결하는 자동화된 방법들을 제안하였다. 시간 표현을 추출하기 위해서 품사정보로 구축된 패턴과 시간 표현 어휘가 사용되었고, 정규화 과정과 사건 관련 동사와의 연결을 위한 규칙이 만들어졌다. 한국어 신문을 대상으로 제안한 방법의 단계별 평가를 수행하였고, 제안하는 방법의 확장성을 보이기 위해 서로 다른 도메인에도 실험을 하였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2015.10a
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 2015

무제한 정보추출은 주로 영어를 대상으로 연구가 진행 되었지만, 최근에는 영어가 아닌 다른 언어에 대한 적용이 시도되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 관계 어휘의 유형을 동사형과 명사형 2가지로 정의하고, 각 유형별로 구문 분석 결과 기반의 서로 다른 방법론을 적용하는 한국어 대상 무제한 정보추출 시스템을 소개한다. 동사형 관계 어휘에 대해서는 의존 관계 기반의 추출 규칙을 적용하고, 명사형 관계 어휘에 대해서는 대량의 말뭉치로부터 자동으로 학습한 의존 관계 구조 기반의 추출 패턴을 적용한다. 임의의 100개 문장에 대해서 수행한 결과는 산출된 전체 트리플에 대해 0.8이상의 정밀도를 보임으로써 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법의 효용성을 증명하였다.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 1990

In order to determine selective mode of action of naproanilide between rice and paddy weeds, absorption and translocation of $^{14}C$-naproanilide in rice, Echinochloa crus galli, Cyperus serotinus, and Sagittaria pygmaea were studied, Rice plant and Echinochloa crus-galli absorbed less amount of $^{14}C$-naproanilide than Sagittaria pygmaeo and Cyperus serotinus. Less amount of $^{14}C$-naproanilide was translocated into shoots and translocation rate was slower in rice and Ecl:inochloa crzis-galli than that of Sagittaria pygmaea and Cyperars serotinus. Also, 30-40% of $^{14}C$-naproanilide was distributed at tubers of Sagittaria pygmaea and Cyperus serotinus, which explained that higher amount of $^{14}C$-naproanilide was absorbed from tubers. $^{14}C$-naproanilide was gradually decreased in all plant species and finally more radioactivity was determined in Sagittaria pygmaea and Cyperus serotinus than in Echinochloa cars-galli and rice plant after $^{14}C$-naproanilide treated plants were transferred to Kasugai solution.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.321-328
• /
• 1995

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism study of $^{14}C$-bensulfuron were conducted to determine selectivity and herbicidal action of bensulfuron in two rice cultivars and three paddy weeds at different temperatures. 1. Absorption of $^{14}C$-bensulfuron was greater at 30/$25^{\circ}C$ than at 25/$20^{\circ}C$ and also in cv. Sangpung than in cv. Samgang, and Cyperus serotinus and Sagittaria pygmaea showed greater amount of absorption than Echinochloa crus-galli. 2. Translocation rate of bensulfuron was higher at 30/$25^{\circ}C$ than at 25/$20^{\circ}C$ and also in cv. Sangpung than in cv. Samgang, and C. serotinus showed highest translocation rate followed by the S. pygmaea and E. crus-galli. 3. In metabolism study, concentration of parent compound in rice plants was greater in cv. Sangpung which was susceptible to bensulfuron than in cv. Samgang. More amount of parent compound was distributed in shoots and root of C. serotinus and S. pygmaea than E. crus-galli. 4. It may suggested that sensitivity to bensulfuron between rice cultivars may be due to different inactivation metabolic ability and phytotoxicity of rice increased at high temperature since higher amount of bensulfuron was absorbed. Higher herbicidal activity of bensulfuron may caused by higher absorption and translocation in three weed species at high temperature.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.3 s.18
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2006

For the recent several years, there has been much interest in lexical semantic network. However, it seems to be very difficult to evaluate the effectiveness and correctness of it and invent the methods for applying it into various problem domains. In order to offer the fundamental ideas about how to evaluate and utilize lexical semantic networks, we developed two automatic word clustering systems, which are called system A and system B respectively. 68,455,856 words were used to learn both systems. We compared the clustering results of system A to those of system B which is extended by the lexical-semantic network. The system B is extended by reconstructing the feature vectors which are used the elements of the lexical-semantic network of 3,656 '-ha' verbs. The target data is the 'multilingual Word Net-CoreNet'.When we compared the accuracy of the system A and system B, we found that system B showed the accuracy of 46.6% which is better than that of system A, 45.3%.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 1990

Germination test, nutrient culture test and pot experiment were conducted to determine selectivity of naproanilide between rice plants and paddy weeds. Naproanilide more severely inhibited growth of Scirpus juncoides, Sagittaria pygmaea and Cyerus serotinus than that of rice plant and Echinochloa crus-galli at germination stage. Root growth was severely inhibited than that of shoot growth by naproanilide treatment. Naproanilide severely inhibited rice plant and Echinochloa crus-galli at 30 uM, Sagittaria pygmaea at 1 uM and Cyperus serotinus at 10 uM in nutrient culture test, Rice plant and Echinochloa crus-galli did not show the difference of tillers and dry weight, but Scirpus juncoides, Morzochoria vaginalis and Aneilema keisak were severely inhibited at 15g/a and Sagittaria pygmaea and Cyperus serotinus at 30g/a in pot trial.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.61 no.2
• /
• pp.287-303
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to draw implications for the improvement in the CSAT by analyzing structures and tasks in the Abitur. To this end, it analyzes the mathematics test system with a focus on the basic and advanced level examination systems, the operator, the using technology, and mathematical formulas. And the characteristics of tasks in the 2021 Abitur were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, first, Germany evaluates whether students have the competency emphasized in the curriculum at Abitur. Second, Germany, which emphasizes the proper use of technology, utilizes both tasks that use technology and those that do not in the Abitur. Third, the Abitur consists of most of the tasks using promised operators and uses various types of operators to present various types of questions to evaluate competence. Fourth, the Abitur includes not only simple structured items consisting of 2-3 subtasks but also tasks dealing in depth with a single situation centered on a big idea. Finally, mathematical justification and proof play an important role in the Abitur. Based on this, some specific measures for improving the CSAT were suggested.