• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Korean name "Ji-Mo") has been used for oriental medicinal purposes in Korea, China and Japan. In this study, 29 A. asphodeloides samples were collected including 3 certified A. asphodeloides plants and many commercially marketed A. asphodeloides products. Chloroplast trnL-F regions of the "Ji-Mo" samples were sequenced and used to identify whether the samples were genuine A. asphodeloides or not. As the result, the trnL-F sequences of all the "Ji-Mo" samples were shown to be identical and it was proven that commercially available medicinal products "Ji-Mo" are genuine A. asphodeloides. Phylogenetic tree of. A. asphodeloides using the trnL-F sequences was constructed and compared with phylogenetic tree using rubisco large subunit (rbcL) gene sequences. In these tree, A. asphodeloides was affiliated in the family Agavaceae in the order Asparagales. It is proven that trnL-F phylogenetic tree is useful to study taxonomic position of A. asphodeloides.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.470-472
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• 1999

When the type and ratio of male-sterile plants in $F_1$ hybrids collected from several seed companies were investigated, there were differences in the male-sterile type depending upon region, seed company and variety group. The differences were inferred due to the easiness in breeding of maintainer line among the variety groups. American seed companies mainly used petaloid type male sterility with Imperater group varieties. European companies used brown anther type male sterility mainly with Nantes group but some companies used petaloid type also in varieties that were different from Nantes group. Asian companies (Japan, Korea) used both types with Chantaney and Kuroda group varieties, but one type was mainly used depending on individual seed company. Only one type of male-sterility in one variety was observed and the results were agreed well with other's results that male-sterility type was determined by cytoplasm factor. Some breeding lines were backcrossed to both types of cytoplasm (Sa, Sp) for maintainer line selection. We could select 15 maintainer lines from 20 lines in petaloid cytoplasm (Sp) and 3 from 4 lines in brown cytoplasm (Sa). In petaloid cytoplasm, maintainer lines can be selected at considerably high frequency. But in brown anther cytoplasm, the used materials are too restricted to tell general frequency maintainer lines.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1764-1771
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• 2010

Carthamus tinctorius L. (Compositae) is an herb primarily distributed throughout in the world. The species is regarded as ecologically important in the world. Safflower was used for medicines, as well as making red (carthamin) and yellow dyes. We have used the RAPD technique to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity of C. tinctorius. We obtained 123 bands from all the 26 cultivars. The average number of bands was 9.5 per primer. The genetic diversity of safflower is found among cultivars and there is a high among-cultivar differentiation. The OPC18-01 band is the specific marker for Syria cultivar, whereas no products were detected in individuals from other country cultivars. We found seven phenetic bands for determining the specific marker of cultivars with SCAR markers. Though the number of individuals sampled for analysis was small and probably not fully representative of the total available diversity in C. tinctorius, this study demonstrates that the regions (Morocco, Syria, and Turkey) of the Mediterranean Sea were more variable than other regions with the exception of India. In this result, although only simple result of RAPD is difficult to assert the center of species diversity of C. tinctorius, the regions of the Mediterranean Sea may be the most probable candidate for the origin of safflower. India was also the candidate of the center or secondary center of species diversity of C. tinctorius. RAPD markers were effective in classifying cultivar levels of safflower.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to develop a new silage inoculant for barley at forage analysis laboratory, Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA from 2000 to 2002. Barley is very important crop in Korea. The great part of them is utilized as forage. Generally, it contains a lot of grains that are feed of animal, especially whole crop silage in ruminant. Efficient lactic acid bacteria were isolated from good barley silage by plating MRS agar containing 0.02% sodium azide, and assessed by growing and acid producing ability in MRS broth. Four lactic acid bacteria were selected, and were found to be Gram positive, rods and catalase negative and were identified to be Lactobacillus plantarum on the basis of the biochemical characteristics and utilization of substrates. Barley was ensiled at dough stage following treatment with four lactic acid bacteria, commercial inoculant, and no additive (control). After 2 months, B2-2 bacteria inoculated silage was lower pH and higher lactic acid content than others treatments. The Flieg's score and grade of B2-2 bacteria treated silage were higher than commercial inoculant. According to this experiment, Lactobacillus plantarum B2-2 (NLRI 201) was recommendable for good silage inoculant of whole crop barley silage.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.spc
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• pp.123-133
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• 2019

This study analyzed the surface temperature mitigation effect of wetlands during cold waves (below -12℃ from January to February) and heat waves (above 33℃ from July to August) in 2018. We used Terra/Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Daytime and Nighttime Land Surface Temperature (LST) product, and the maximum and minimum air temperature observed at 86 stations of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). For the cold wave analysis, the LST of Terra MODIS nighttime was the highest at forest area with -12.7℃, followed by upland crop and wetland areas of -12.9℃ and -13.0℃ respectively. The urban area showed the lowest value of -14.4℃. During the heat wave, the urban area was the highest with + 34.6℃ in Aqua MODIS LST daytime. The wetland area was + 33.0℃ showing - 1.6℃ decrease comparing with urban area.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2011

Bacterial density distributions of gut microbes in the digestive organs of Harmonia axyridis collected from three different sources (JK, CK, and CJ) were $6.0{\times}10^4$ CFU/gut under aerobic culture condition and $8.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/gut under anaerobic culture condition. Seven colony types were observed under aerobic condition and three types of similarity were detected under anaerobic condition. In total, 116 strains, including 34 strains under aerobic condition, were isolated from the digestive organs of H. axyridis. Based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, aerobic gut microbes were assigned to the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deinococcus-Thermus. A large number of isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus and Staphylococcus of the Firmicutes commonly found in H. axyridis from different sites. Anaerobic gut microbes were found to be similar according to colony morphological, phylogenetic analysis using ARDRA. Eighty-two anaerobic gut microbes were clustered into 17 different ARDRA types according to HaeIII. Representative anaerobic gut microbes in each ARDRA group were divided into five species of ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis; Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter kobei, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Pseudomonas koreensis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that about 70% of the isolates belonged to ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria, suggesting predominance of gut microbes.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1986

In order to observe the infestation rate and intensity of C. sinensis in Yeoju Eup, Kyung-gi Do, 9,512 stool specimens were collected from the inhabitants through student's helps. The specimens were examined by cellophane thick smear technique and Stoll's egg dilution technique. The epidemiological status was analysed statistically by the regession equation and catalytic curve with the results obtained from this area. The results are as follows: 1) Collection rate oft he stool samples was 66.5%, 9.512 out of 14,300 inhabintants complied with our survey. 2) The infestation rate of C.sinensis was 5.0%, and for male 7.8%, for female 2.3%. 3) Average E.P.G. by Stoll's egg dilution technique in this area was 1,572, and for male 1,853, for female 676. 4) The degree of the intensity of C. sinensis infection by E.P.G. count was distributed as 65.2% in light infection, 32.0 % in moderate infection, 2.8% in heavy infection and none in very heavy infection. 5) The intensity of endemicity in this area was represented with the regression equation calculated with cumulative percentages of E.P.G. counts. Regression equation was y=3.887+1.695 log x and Cs. $D_{50}$ was 4.54. 6) The two-stage catalytic model was applied and the calculation lead to the equation $y=0.267(e^{-0.004t}-e^{-0.019t})$; a=0.004 < b=0.019. 7) Other helminthic infection rate in this area was 1.4% in A.lumbricoides 2.7% in T. trichiura, 1.6% in M. yokogawai md 0.2% in Taenia sp. respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.199-202
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• 2007

This study was carried out to provide pest control information for the cultivation of Eleutherococcus senticosus Max. As a result of investigation of the diseases and insect pests, three pathogens and three insect pests were identified from the field sample, respectively. The identified insects pests were aphids, stinkbugs and Bothrogonia japonica. Occurrenre peaks of aphids were occurred on June and August, and generally young leaves and flower buds were injured mainly. The identified diseases were black ring spot caused by Phoma sp., gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea and leaf blights caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The black ring spot was the most severe disease and was investigated from the beginning of June, and the incidence of the disease was 30% higher than that on September. As a result of growth test under different temperature conditions on PDA, these pathogens showed the best mycelial growth rate between 25 $^{\circ}$C and 30 $^{\circ}$C, and these results indicate that these diseases occur on hat summer season.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2002

This study was done to accept basic data on chemical components in rhizome of native Polygonatum species in Korea. In mineral contents of their rhizome, total nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium concentration were higher in Polygonatum inflatum, P. humile and P. odoratum var. pluriflorum 1 than the other species in all the sampling dates. P. odoratum var. pluriflorum 1, P. odoratum var. pluriflorum 2 and P. inflatum showed relatively higher iron and mananese contents but P. odoratum var. pluriflorum 1 and P. stenophyllum did in copper content on November 20. Total sugar was acculated in later growth stages, although P. stenophyllum had the highest content but P. lasianthum var. coreanum had the lowest in all the sampling dates. Protein content was the highest in P. lasianthum var. coreanum but the lowest in P. stenophyllum in all the sampling dates. The major amino acids in their rhizomes were arginine followed by glutamic acid, and total and essential amino acid content were abundant in P. lasianthum var. coreanum and P. humile.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.249-253
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• 2017

Twelve strains of bacteria with cellulase and xylanase activities were isolated from spent mushroom substrates collected from button mushroom cultivation farm, Buye, Chungcheongnam-do in Korea. Among them, one strain, designated NO12, with higher cellulase and xylanase activities was selected by agar diffusion method. The strain NO12 was identified to be a Bacillus sp. by biochemical characteristics using Bacillus ID kit and MicroLog system. Comparative 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NO12 formed a distinct phylogenetic tree within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus subtilis with 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity of 99.2%. Based on its physiological properties, biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain NO12 was classified within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus subtilis NO12 was proposed. The cellulase and xylanase activities of B. subtilis NO12 were slightly increased according to bacterial population from exponential phase to stationary phase in the growth curve for B. subtilis NO12. The xylanase activity continuously increased from the beginning of the exponential phase and exhibited maximum activity in the middle of the exponential phase.