• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate consumer's preference and purchase behavior of pork including perception of brand-pork in Korea. A total of 504 respondents were surveyed and collected from December, 2007 to February, 2008. Among total respondents, 62.55% (n=314) responded that they liked the pork and respondents who were higher education level showed higher preference (p<0.05). Majority of consumers (61.16%) did not like imported pork. In addition, one who had lower education level and living in rural area disliked more the imported pork. Most consumers preferred to the belly (58.57%) and results indicated that the people who were higher education level preferred a discount mart but who were living in rural area preferred a butcher's shop. Among the purchasing area, a big discount mart was the most preferred (44.64%) and this was also different among the education level (p<0.001) and living areas (p<0.05). The consumers preferred to purchasing a 600 g pack for a single purchase. Among total respondents, 42.71% of consumers responded that their priority was reliability of meat quality on choosing the place for purchasing the pork, and the significant difference was highly found in living area groups (p<0.001). The perception of carcass grading system was common scores with the average of 2.79, and there was highly significant difference among education level groups (p<0.001). The average of 3.50 among 5 points for branded pork were evaluated by a total of consumers but the significant differences were not found in all three groups.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.2674-2683
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine the levels of depression(CES-D) and its related factors among the elderly people affiliated with long-term care insurance services in urban areas. The interviews were performed, during the period from March 1st, to May 31th, 2012, to 388 elderlies. As a result, the levels of depression among all subjects were 21.6% of normal group, and 78.4% of depression group. The distribution of depression according to the grade of long-term care insurance were 83.6% in Grade I, 82.1% in Grade II and 67.0% in Grade III, and the level of distribution were significantly higher according to the higher grade of long-term care insurance. For the results of multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio was increased in older age group, in the poor health status group, and in the group of seldom in activity of hobbies than their counterparts, but it was decreased in the higher monthly income group than lower group. Above results suggested that the depression was significantly related with the variables such as sociodemographic characteristics, economic status, health related factors and health status.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

Measuring the distance between benchmarks placed on a volcano tens to thousands of meters apart can sometimes pinpoint where and when magma is rising toward the surface. Rising magma will sometimes push overlying rocks upward or shove them aside. In either case, one part of the volcano may actually move horizontally relative to another part from as little as a few millimeters to as much as several tens of meters. The challenge in measuring such changes with an electronic distance meter is putting benchmarks in the right places and making frequent measurements between pairs of benchmarks. An electronic distance meter is an instrument that both sends and receives an electromagnetic signal. Depending on the distance between the EDM and reflector, the wavelength of the returned signal will be out of phase with the transmitted signal. The instrument compares the phase of the transmitted and received signals and measures the phase difference electronically. There is a wide range of EDM capabilities in range and precision, but for volcano monitoring purposes, short-range (less than 10 km) to medium-range (less than 50 km) EDM's are typically used. Short-range EDM's transmit and receive the near visible infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum for measuring distances with an accuracy of about 5 mm.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.274-278
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• 2005

Contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus In commercial Samgakkimbabs and sandwiches from southern Gyeounggi-do were monitored. Total aerobic bacteria counts in Samgakkimbabs and sandwiches were 3.50-5.54 and $3.88-6.29log_{10}CFU/g$, for coliforms 1.25-317 and $1.53-5.08log_{10}CFU/g$, for S. aureus 0.30-5.20 and $0.10-4.18log_{10}CFU/g$, and for B. cereus 0.88-2.48 and $0.22-2.18log_{10}CFU/g$, respectively. E. coli was not isolated from all Samgakkimbabs and sandwiches except from one sample of sandwich salad ingredient. Results indicate hygiene of commercial Samgakkimbabs and sandwiches was deleterious.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship among verbal violence experience, verbal violence impact and burnout of operating room nurses. The data were collected by structured self-reporting questionnaires from 202 operating room nurses and were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression. The level of verbal violence experience and verbal violence impact was 1.96 and 1.67. The level of burnout was 3.08. Verbal violence impact and burnout have a significant positive association with verbal violence experience(r=.39, p<.001; r=.41, p<.001). Verbal violence impact was positively associated with burnout(r=.29, p<.001). Factors influencing burnout were verbal violence experience, verbal violence impact and position(staff nurse) which explained 30% of the variance(F=9.15, p<.001). These findings indicate that verbal violence experiences of operating room nurses have influence on stability and productivity in personal, social aspect and suggest developing the verbal violence prevention program in hospital.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.123-141
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• 2003

This study investigated the understanding level and the using level of mathematical language for middle school students in terms of Freudenthal' language levels. It was proved that the understanding level task developed by current study for geometric concept had reliability and validity, and that there was the hierarchy of levels on which students understanded mathematical language. The level that students used in explaining mathematical concepts was not interrelated to the understanding level, and was different from answering the right answer according to the sorts of tasks. And, the level of mathematical language that was understood easily as students' thought, was the third level of the understanding levels. Mathematics teachers should consider the students' understanding level and using level, and give students the tasks which students could use their mathematical language confidently.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.47-50
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 차세대 대체에너지로 각광받는 풍력발전 중에서 육상발전보다 여러 가지 이점이 있는 해상에서의 한국형 풍력터빈 블레이드의 최적 형상을 위 한 알고리즘을 구현하는 것이다. 풍력터빈 블레이드에서 깃익형의 공기 역학적 특성은 매우 중요한 사항이다. 이를 위해서 익형 성능예측에 층류에서 난류로의 천이과정을 포함하는 XFOIL을 이용하여 블레이드 익형 단면의 양력과 항력 분포를 해석하였다. 첫 번째 수준의 설계변수는 운용범위내의 바람의 속도와 블레이드 지름, 축 회전수이며, 각 단면에서의 비틀림각과 시위길이는 두 번째 수준의 설계 변수이다. 운용범위 내의 각 설계점에서 익형의 공력 변수들과 최소에 너지손실 조건을 이용하여 시위길이와 피치각 분포를 최적화하였다. 각각의 설계점에서 결과를 바탕으로 풍력발전의 설계 운용범위에서 반응면을 구성하고 구배최적화 기법을 통해 요구동력의 제약함수를 만족하고 효율을 최대로 하는 블레이드 형상을 구현하였다. 최적형상에 대해 탈설계점 해석을 수행하여 그 성능을 구하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1855-1859
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• 2006

Huff(1967)의 연구배경과 지형 및 강우특성을 국내유역과 비교하고 Huff(1967) 방법을 국내에 적용한 건교부(2000) Huff의 한계점을 파악하였으며, 국내 강우가 갖는 지속시간별 시간분포특성을 검토함으로써 국내유역에 적합한 Huff 방법의 개선방안을 위한 기초연구를 목표로 하였다. Huff(1967)의 연구유역과 본 연구유역의 점강우가 갖는 특성에는 차이가 있었다. 그리고 건교부(2000) Huff 방법은 관측소별로 분석되어 유역을 대표하는 누가곡선의 채택에 어려움을 갖게 되며, 이용된 강우사상은 강우총량의 크기에 관계없이 모든 자료를 이용하여 점우량 25.4mm이 상을 대상으로 비교한 결과와 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 본 연구 대상유역의 점강우와 면적강우에서 지속기간별로 강우의 시간분포 특성이 다양한 것으로 분석되었으며, 이는 K-S 검정결과 5% 유의수준에서 지속기간별로 작성된 일부 누가곡선이 전 지속기간에 대해 작성된 누가곡선과 유의하지 않는 것으로 분석되어 지속기간별 시간분포 특성이 통계학적으로 입증되었다. 따라서 Huff(1967) 방법을 국내유역에 적용하기 위해서는 적정 수준 이상의 총량을 갖는 강우사상을 대상으로 유역의 대표성, 강우의 지속기간별 특성이 반영된 누가곡선이 작성 되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-66
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• 1987

본고(本稿)의 목적(目的)은 우리나라의 국민의료비추계치(國民醫療費推計値)를 제시하고 OECD제국(諸國)의 자료(資料)를 이용하여 국제비교(國際比較)에 의한 추이분석(推移分析)을 행함에 있다. 이를 위하여 우선 각국 의료비(醫療費)의 결정요인(決定要因)에 대한 최근의 논쟁(論爭)을 재조명(再照明)하고 "각국간(各國間)의 소득격차(所得隔差)로서 의료비변동(醫療費變動)을 충분히 설명할 수 있으며 의료비의 소득탄력도(所得彈力度)는 1보다 크다"는 Newhouse의 주장을 검증(檢證)하였다. 그 결과 소득수준(所得水準)이 각국의 의료비 변동을 설명하는 중요한 변수(變數)임을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 소득수준이 높다고 해서 반드시 국민의료비(國民醫療費)의 GNP비율(比率)이 제고(提高)되지는 않는다는 점이 국제비교결과(國際比較結果) 밝혀졌다. 이는 소득 이외에도 의료비지불제도(醫療費支拂制度)등 제도적(制度的) 요인(要因)이 의료비 변동에 영향을 준다는 점을 시사해 준다. 한국의 의료비(醫療費)는 비교적 급속히 증가하고 있는데 우리나라의 의료비동향(醫療費動向)은 소득(所得) 이외에도 고령인구비율(高齡人口比率) 및 의료보험제도(醫療保險制度)의 실시(實施) 등을 가지고 유의(有意)하게 설명할 수 있었다. 국민의료비(國民醫療費)의 지속적인 고율성장(高率成長)은 국민개보험(國民皆保險)을 앞두고 국민의료비(國民醫療費)의 안정화노력(安定化努力)을 요청하고 있는바 이 점에 있어서는 호주, 덴마크, 노르웨이 등 최근 의료비증가율(醫療費增加率)이 진정되고 있는 국가들로부터 지불제도(支佛制度)의 개선을 중심으로 유익한 교훈을 얻을 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1225-1238
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• 2015

In this research, we fit various survival models and conduct tests and estimation for the hazard change-point with the rectal cancer data. By the log-rank tests, at significance level ${\alpha}=0.10$, survival functions are significantly different according to the uniporter of glucose (GLUT1), clinical stage (cstage) and pathologic stage (ypstage). From the Cox proportional hazard model, the most significant covariates are GLUT1 and ypstage. Assuming that the rectal cancer data follows the exponential distribution, we estimate one hazard change-point using Matthews and Farewell (1982), Henderson (1990) and Loader (1991) methods.