• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1202-1206
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• 1996

Ebstein's anomaly is an unusual and a rare congenital cardiac malformation but characteristic abnormality of the development of the tricuspid valve, right atrium and ventricle. The characteristic findings are a displaced tricuspid valve with a septal leaflet spiralling into the right ventricle. The surgical correction is variable and are left unsolved problem in surgical treatment of anomaly. Between January 1988 ＆ December 1995, we experienced 11 cases of Ebstein's anomaly and associated cardiac anomalies are ASD, PFO, ASD with VSD. The typically displaced tricuspid valve leaflet was found in all cases. In the NYHA functional classification, three were in class II, seven were in class III, and one was in class IV. Nine patients were operated by tricuspid annuloplasty ＆ plication with Danielson's method and two patients were done by tricuspid valve replacement with plication, and in all cases associated anomaly was corrected. Postoperatively, five patients suffered from complication - low cardiac output syndrome, arrhythmia and wound infection. There was no operative mortality and the postoperative courses were relatively good conditions with more improvement of symptoms.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.244-248
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• 1995

Glomus tumor is uncommon tumor with an incidence of about 1% in soft tissue tumors and the single most common location is the subungual region of the finger. Many reports have emphasized that glomus tumors were difficult to diagnose and that the result of surgical removal was good, but nail deformity has received little attention. Most of authors removed the entire nail or partially splitted the nail to exposure the nail bed and tumor. Nobody reported whether nail deformity after operation was present or not. But, an abnormal nail is both a cosmetic and a functional problem in that catches on objects. In this study, our attention was postoperative nail deformity as well as the results of surgical removal. Seven patients(eight cases) who were diagnosed as a subungal glomus tumor in the hand were treated by surgical excision without removal of the nail and followed over twenty two months. And then we report on our experience with 8 cases of subungual glomus tumor which were successfully treated by complete excision without nail deformity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.556-559
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• 2002

The presense of pectus excavatum in Marfan's syndrome may complicate cardiac operation by making midline sternotomy technically more difficult and limiting the operative exposure of the heart. We operated on a 33 year old male patient with Marfan's syndrome and severe pectus excavatum who had severe mitral regurgitation and moderate aortic regurgitation with 52mm aortic root dilation. The operative field was adequately exposed through a midline sternal incision with two sternal retactors. The patient underwent Bentall operation and mitral valve replacement. The repair of pectus excavatum was performed after completion of CPB and the administration of protamin. Permanent internal stabilization achieved by overlapping of the ends of lower ribs and reinforced with sternal closure wire.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.4 s.249
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• pp.291-300
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• 2005

One-stage repair of aortic arch anomalies and intracardiac defects through median sternotomy has been recently adopted by many institutions since it is known to be safer than the staged repair. The early and midterm results of the one-stage repair of aortic arch anomalies and intracardiac defects were retrospectively evaluated. Material and Method: 45 patients who underwent one-stage repair of aortic arch anomalies and intracardiac defects performed by one surgeon from January 1996 to July 2003 were included in this retrospective study. The median age of repair was 16 days (range, 3 days$\~$23.7 months) and the mean weight was $3.62\;\pm\;1.30 kg$. Thirty one $(68.9\%)$ had coarctation and 14 $(31.1\%)$ had interrupted aortic arch. Associated intracardiac anomalies were VSD in 31 patients (VSD group), TGA or Taussig-Bing anomaly in 10 (TGA group), and others in 4 (ASD in 1, aortopulmonary window 1, truncus arteriosus 1, aortic and mitral stenoses 1, miscellaneous group). The arch obstruction was repaired with end-to-side anastomosis in 23 patients and end-to-end anastomosis in 22. Result: Overall postoperative hospital mortality was $22.2\%\;(10/45);\;16.1\%$ (5/31) in VSD group, $40\%$ (4/10) in TGA group, and$25\%$ (1/4) in miscellaneous group. There was no mortality in VSD group since 1998, and the mortality in TGA group has remarkably reduced since technical modification for coronary transfer was adopted $(75\%\;vs\;16.7\%)$. There was no postoperative seizure or other neurological complications. Postoperative aortic restenosis occurred in 5 patients $(5/35,\;14.3\%)$. Two patients underwent balloon aortoplasty with successful results. There was no reoperation. There was one late death caused by pneumonia 5 months after the operation. Two-year actuarial survival rate including operative death was $72.9\%$. Conclusion: The operative mortality of one-stage repair has been reduced with time and aortic restenosis rate was also acceptable. We concluded that this procedure is a reproducible procedure for aortic arch anomalies associated with intracardiac defects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.364-374
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• 2010

Background: We assessed the early and mid-term results of the modified Norwood procedure for first-stage palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and its variants to identify the risk factors for hospital mortality. Material and Method: Between March, 2003, and December, 2009, 23 patients (18 males and 5 females) with HLHS or variants underwent the modified Norwood procedure. The age at operation ranged from 3 to 60 days (mean, $11.7{\pm}13.2days$) and weight at operation ranged from 2.2 to 4.8 kg (mean, $3.17{\pm}0.52kg$). We used a modified technique that spared the anterior wall of the main pulmonary artery in 20 patients. The sources of pulmonary blood flow were RV-PA conduit in 15 patients (group I) and RMBTS in 8 (group II). Follow-up was completed in 19 patients (19/20, 95%) in our hospital (mean $26.0{\pm}22.8months$). Result: Early death occurred in 3 patients (3/23, 13%), of whom 2 had TAPVC. Fourteen patients underwent subsequent bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BCPC, stage 2) and seven underwent the Fontan operation (stage 3). Three patients died between stages, 2 before stage 2 and one before stage 3. The estimated 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 78% and 69%, respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, aberrant right subclavian artery (RSCA) and associated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) were risk factors for hospital mortality after stage 1 Norwood procedure. Conclusion: HLHS and its variants can be palliated by the modified Norwood procedure with low operative mortality. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection adversely affects the survival after a stage 1 Norwood procedure, and interstage mortality rates need to be improved.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 1999

Background: Recovery of the left atrial contractile function after the Cox-Maze procedure is related to the size of the left atrium. We have postulated that if too wide area of the atrium were isolated electrically, then the atrial contractile function would be impaired postoperatively. We have modified the Cox-Maze procedure to dissect each pair of the pulmonary veins separately instead of the conventional pulmonary vein encircling incision, and compared the atrial contractile function after each procedure. Material and Method: From February 1995 to October 1997, 55 cases of the Cox-Maze procedure were performed in mitral valvular heart disease. We excluded the cases that did not covert to sinus rhythm. The patient groups were divided according to the interpulmonary vein distance(IPVD) and the procedure performed. Group I was IPVD under 6.5 cm(n=30), group II was IPVD over 6.5cm and the conventional Cox-Maze III procedure was performed(n=16), and group III was IPVD over 6.5cm and the modified Cox-Maze procedure was performed(n=9). Result: Atrial contractile function was evaluated by the echocardiography follow-up between 6 months to 12 months. The right atrial contractile function recovered gradually, the recovery rate after long-term follow-up was 90% in group I, 81% in group II, and 100% in group III(p>0/05). In the left atrium the recovery rate was 63% in group I, 31% in group II(p=0.03), and 66% in group III(p>0.05). Conclusion: The modified Cox-Maze procedure may have beneficial effects on the recovery of the left atrial contractile function, however, there are no statistically significant values. Therefore, further evaluation of this procedure is necessary.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2016

This study examines the similarities and differences in the clothing habits between a breast-conserving surgery group (68 patients) and a mastectomy group (45 patients). In common, both parties expressed that they did not want to conspicuously display their altered body shape from the surgical procedure, and they also confirmed that they did not want to be treated as breast cancer patients by others. On the other hand, a mastectomy group significantly preferred clothes, bras and breast prostheses which enhance the body silhouette in comparison to the patients who received breast-conserving surgery. However, the patients who received breast mastectomies reported that the bras and breast prostheses available have been expensive with low emotional satisfaction, calling for particular need in specialized clothing for female patients who undergo breast surgery. Hence, this research to further the development of clothes, bras and breast prostheses for Korean women who must undergo breast surgery would be effective in helping to improve body image and quality of life in these women.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.228-235
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks' accelerated rehabilitation with anti-gravity treadmill exercise on VAS, ROM, isokinetic myofunction, and dynamic stability after surgery of modified brostrom operation in chronic ankle instability patients. The subjects of this study were 12 chronic ankle instability patients who underwent modified Brostrom operation(MBO) by the same doctor. 6 weeks' accelerated rehabilitation program is scheduled to perform for 60min, everyday, and also anti-gravity program performed for 15~30min, everyday. The visual analog scale(VSA) and significantly decreased(p<.001) and ROM in all of dorsal flexion, plantar flexion, inversion and eversion significantly increased(p<.05) after 6 weeks' accelerated rehabilitation with anti-gravity treadmill exercise. Both inversion and eversion peak torque at $60^{\circ}/sec$(p<.001, p<.01) and at $180^{\circ}/sec$(p<.001) significantly increased after 6 weeks' accelerated rehabilitation with anti-gravity treadmill exercise respectively. In muscle defect, although inversion(p<.01) and eversion(p<.001) at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and inversion(p<.01) at $180^{\circ}/sec$ significantly decreased, eversion at $180^{\circ}/sec$ tended to decrease but did not change significantly after 6 weeks' accelerated rehabilitation with anti-gravity treadmill exercise. The dynamic stability significantly increased after 6 weeks' accelerated rehabilitation with anti-gravity treadmill exercise(p<.001). These results suggest that 6 weeks' accelerated rehabilitation with anti-gravity treadmill exercise has positive effect of VAS, ROM, isokinetic myofunction, and dynamic stability after surgery of modified brostrom operation in chronic ankle instability patients. Therefore, we consider that the accelerated rehabilitation with anti-gravity treadmill exercise, which is safely and fast method, has effect on more faster recovery of ankle stability, play ground and normal daily activities.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.20-31
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• 2005

Three dimensional Monte-Carlo simulations of non-ergodic transport of a lion-reactive solute plume by steady-state groundwater flow under a uniform mean velocity in isotropic heterogeneous aquifers were conducted. The log-normally distributed hydraulic conductivity, K(x), is modeled as a random field. Significant efforts are made to reduce tile simulation uncertainties. Ensemble averages of the second spatial moments of the plume and plume centroid variances were simulated with 1600 Monte Carlo runs for three variances of log K, ${\sigma}_Y^2=0.09,\;0.23$, and 0.46, and three dimensionless lengths of line plume sources normal to the mean velocity. The simulated second spatial moment and the plume centroid variance in longitudinal direction fit well to the first order theoretical results while the simulated transverse moments are generally larger than the first order results. The first order theoretical results significantly underestimated the simulated dimensionless transverse moments for the aquifers of large ${\sigma}_Y^2$ and large dimensionless time. The ergodic condition for the second spatial moments is far from reaching in all cases simulated, and transport In transverse directions may reach ergodic condition much slower than that in longitudinal direction. The evolution of the contaminant transported in a heterogeneous aquifer is not affected by the shape of the initial plume but affected mainly by the degree of the heterogeneity and the size of the initial plume.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.78-84
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• 2006

Our study aimed at quantitative assessment of a cleft palate nose deformity condition by analyzing the following parameters gathered from a photographic image of a cleft palate patient: (1) angle difference between two nostril axes, (2) center of the nostril and distance between two centers, (3) overlapped area of two nostrils, and (4) the overlapped area ratio of the two nostrils. A regression equation of doctor's grades was obtained using the eight parameters. Three plastic surgeons gave us the glades for the each photographic image by to increments with maximum grade of 100. The average reproducibility of the grades given by the three plastic surgeons and the three laymen using the developed program was $10.8{\pm}4.6%\;and\;7.4{\pm}1.8%$, respectively. Kappa values representing the degree of consensus of the plastic surgeons and the three laymen were 0.43 and 0.83, respectively. Correlation coefficient of the grades evaluated by the surgeons and obtained by the regression equation was 0.642 and that of the grades by the surgeons and by the neural network was 0.798. In conclusion, the developed neural network model provided us better reproducibility, much better consensus, and better correlation than doctor's subjective evaluation in addition to objectiveness and easy application.