• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2003

PVC(polyvinyl chloride) powder were mixed with EAF(Electric Arc Furnace) dust and made as pellets. In order to recover the hydrochloride emitted from pyrolysis of PVC and the valuable metals in dust through making chlorides, pellets were roasted at $300 ^{\circ}C$ and investigated about the generation of chlorides. Two dust samples were collected at I steel making Co. and P Co. (called I dust and P dust respectively), which were mainly composed of zincite and franklinite. It was confirmed that about 50% of Zn in I dust and 48% of Zn in P dust compose zincite. The emission of HCl gas was completed in 15 min at 30$0^{\circ}C$ and the HCl mostly reacted with dust and made chlorides under 20% PVC mixed ratio. Because the reaction of HCl with zincite was faster than with franklinit, when generation and volatilization of ferric chloride is not allowed, the equivalent PVC powder mixed ratio in pellet depended on the amount of zincite in dust.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2021

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the process of hydrogen production using boil-of gas (BOG) generated from an LNG-fueled ship and the application of hydrogen fuel cell systems as auxiliary engines. In this study, the BOG steam reformer process was designed using the UniSim R410 program, and the reformer outlet temperature, pressure, and the fraction and consumption of the product according to the steam/carbon ratio (SCR) were calculated. According to the study, the conversion rate of methane was 100 % when the temperature of the reformer was 890 ℃, and maximum hydrogen production was observed. In addition, the lower the pressure, the higher is the reaction activity. However, higher temperatures have led to a decrease in hydrogen production owing to the preponderance of adverse reactions and increased amounts of water and carbon dioxide. As SCR increased, hydrogen production increased, but the required energy consumption also increased proportionally. Although the hydrogen fraction was the highest when the SCR was 1.8, it was confirmed that the optimal operation range was for SCR to operate at 3 to prevent cocking. In addition, the lower the pressure, the higher is the amount of carbon dioxide generated. Furthermore, 42.5 % of the LNG cold energy based on carbon dioxide generation was required for cooling and liquefaction.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.610-617
• /
• 2017

This paper presents a study of the effect of thickness of porous Al-Ni electrodes, on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in alkaline media. As varying deposition time at 300 W DC sputtering power, the thickness of the Al-Ni electrodes was controlled from 1 to $20{\mu}m$. The heat treatment was carried out in $610^{\circ}C$, followed by selective leaching of the Al-rich phase. XRD studies confirmed the presence of $Al_3Ni_2$ intermetallic compounds after the heat treatment, indicating the diffusion of Ni from the Ni-rich phase to Al-rich phase. The porous structure of the Al-Ni electrodes after the selective leaching of Al was also confirmed in SEM-EDS analysis. The double layer capacitance ($C_{dl}$) and roughness factor ($R_f$) of the electrodes were increased for the thicker Al-Ni electrodes. As opposed to the general results in above, there were no further improvements of the HER activity in the case of the electrode thickness above $10{\mu}m$. This result may indicate that the $R_f$ is not the primary factor for the HER activity in alkaline media.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.503-507
• /
• 2021

Sodium borohydride, NaBH₄, has many advantages as hydrogen source for portable proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). When PEMFC is used outdoors as a transport type, it is economical to hydrolyze NaBH₄ using fresh water instead of distilled water. Therefore, in this study, hydrogen was generated using fresh water instead of distilled water during the NaBH₄ hydrolysis process. The properties of NaBH₄ hydrolysis were studied using an activated carbon-supported Co-P-B/C catalyst. Fresh water did not generate tetrahydrate during the NaBH₄ hydrolysis process, and distilled water produced tetrahydrate by-products, which consumed a lot of water during the hydrolysis process, indicating that at the end of the reaction at a high concentration of 25% or more of NaBH₄, dry by-products and unreacted NaBH₄ remained. As a result, when fresh water was used, the hydrogen yield and hydrogen generation rate were higher than that of distilled water at a high concentration of 25% or more of NaBH₄, indicating that it is suitable for use in transport-type fuel cells such as unmanned aerial vehicles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.459-459
• /
• 2007

VHF ICP (Very High Frequency Inductively Coupled Plasma) 반응기에서 반응기 압력, 수증기 유량, 플라즈마 출력, 반응기온도 등의 공정변수에 따른 수증기 분해특성과 수소생성거동을 실험하였다. 플라즈마 분해 특성은 OES(Optical Emission Spectroscopy)를 사용하여 분석하였으며, QMS(Quadrapole Mass Spectroscopy)를 이용하여 배기가스 성분을 분석하여, 수증기 분해거동 및 수소생성 효율을 조사하였다. 본 연구실에서 설계한 초고주파 유도결합 플라즈마는 고밀도 플라즈마 생성과 낮은 압력에서도 안정된 플라즈마 발생 특징을 나타내었다. 플라즈마 출력의 증가에 따른 수증기의 분해와 수소생성 거동은 개시영역, 선형증가영역, 포화영역의 세 영역으로 구분되는 특징을 나타내었다. 유량 및 압력의 증가에 따라 포화에 필요한 플라즈마의 출력이 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. 본 실험의 온도범위에서는 온도 증가에 따른 수증기 분해 및 수소생성 증가효과는 플라즈마 출력의 영향에 비하여 매우 미미한 정도로 플라즈마의 높은 에너지 전달효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 낮은 반응기 온도에서도, 유량 및 압력에 따른 포화 플라즈마조건을 설정할 경우, 높은 에너지 효율의 수소 제조가 가능함을 알 수 있었으며, 물분해 플라즈마를 이용한 저온 산화물 박막증착에의 적용도 기대된다.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.203-213
• /
• 2004

Natural gas thermal decomposition method is the technology of converting natural gas (methane) into hydrogen and carbon at high temperature. The most advantage of thermal decomposition method is that hydrogen and carbon can be produced without emitting carbon dioxide. In this study, the generation of hydrogen and carbon was investigated by this natural gas (methane) thermal decomposition method. We found that pyrocarbon was created on the surface of reactor, carbon black was deposited on the pyrocarbon and final plugging phenomenon took place. To solve this problem, we tried several attempts such as introduction of double pipe reactor instead of single pipe reactor or oxidization of carbon black using $O_2$ or $CO_2$ at regular intervals of reaction. Therefore, some plugging phenomenon was resolved by this methods. Also, carbon particle size was measured by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image and the size was about 200 nm.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2008

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) is universally distributed in the sediment, especially in marine environment. SRB reduce sulfate as electron acceptor to hydrogen sulfide in anaerobic condition. Hydrogen sulfide is reducing agent enhancing the reduction of the organic and inorganic compounds. With SRB, therefore, the degradability of organic contaminants is expected to be enhanced. Ferrous iron reduced from the ferric iron which is mainly present in sediment also renders chlorinated organic compounds to be reduced state. The objectives of this study are: 1) to investigate the reduction of TCE by hydrogen sulfide generated by tht growth of SRB, 2) to estimate the reduction of TCE by ferrous iron generated due to oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, and 3) to illuminate the interaction between SRB and ferrous iron. Mixed bacteria was cultivated from the sludge of the sewage treatment plant. Increasing hydrogen sulfide and decreasing sulfate confirmed the existence of SRB in mixed culture. Although hydrogen sulfide lonely could reduce TCE, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide produced by SRB was not sufficient to reduce TCE directly. With hematite as ferric iron, hydrogen sulfide produced by SRB was consumed to reduce ferric ion to ferrous ion and ferrous iron produced by hydrogen sulfide oxidation decreased the concentration of TCE. Tests with seawater confirmed that the activity of SRB was dependent on the carbon source concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.150-153
• /
• 2006

Gas generator should be adopted either fuel rich or oxidizer rich combustion because of the temperature restriction to avoid any possible thermal damages to turbine blade. This study focuses to model the non-equilibrium chemical reaction of kerosene/LOx with detailed kinetics developed by Dagaut using Perfectly stirred reactor(PSR) assumption. To predict more reliable species fraction and other gas properties, Frenklach's soot model was added to Dagaut's detailed kinetics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2013.05a
• /
• pp.104-104
• /
• 2013

고분자이면서 유전체인 Poly-Tetra-Fluoro-Ethylene (PTFE) 튜브에 AC형 고전압을 인가하여 유전체 장벽 방전 (dielectric barrier discharge, DBD)를 유도하고, 발생된 마이크로 플라즈마에 의한 PTFE 튜브 내벽의 표면 개질에 관한 연구이다. 가스인입과 진공배기가 가능한 장치에 PTFE 튜브를 연결하고, 튜브내부를 진공상태를 유지하면서 반응가스를 이용하여 튜브 내벽을 표면개질 하였다. 반응가스를 아르곤, 수소, 아세틸렌, 산소, 질소를 반응 단계에 맞게 혼입하여 마이크로 플라즈마를 발생시켜 플라즈마에 의한 표면변화를 관찰하였다. 표면은 반응성 가스 플라즈마에 의해 물리 화학적 반응이 일어나 고분자 표면의 반응성 활성화를 통한 표면개질의 방식으로 진행되었다. 표면 개질된 튜브 내벽 표면에 대해 XPS, FT-IR, SEM, 접촉각 측정과 분석 실시함으로써 표면변화를 관찰하였다.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
• /
• 2016.03a
• /
• pp.273-276
• /
• 2016

최근 single-layer $MoSe_2$와 같은 2차원의 TMD 화합물들이 물분해 광촉매로서 각광받고 있다. TMD 화합물 중 single-layer $MoSe_2$는 수소 발생 반응을 일으킬 수 있으나 산소 발생 반응은 일으킬 수 없어 산화 반응을 진행시킬 추가적인 전극이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 strain과 doping을 통해 valence band를 아래로 이동시켜 $MoSe_2$를 더 좋은 물분해 광촉매로 변화시키는 방법을 모색하였다. 먼저 Armchair, zigzag, biaxial isotropic, z-axis direction으로 strain을 걸어줄 때 전자구조의 변화를 관찰하였다. z-axis 방향으로 -2.5% strain을 걸어주었을 때 VBM이 0.07eV만큼 감소하였다. 또한 Mo를 Nb로 치환하고 Se를 P, As로 치환한 다음 전자구조를 관찰하였다. Nb와 doping의 경우 VBM이 감소함을 확인하였으며 As doping의 경우 산화반응이 일어날 수 있고 산화력과 환원력이 비슷해짐을 알아내었다. 또한 산화반응과 환원반응이 일어나는 위치가 분리됨을 확인하였다.