• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.927-932
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• 2005

전투기를 적절히 정비하는 활동은 공군력을 유지하는데 중요하다. 일반적인 정비정책은 정해진 일정으로 주요 모듈의 정비를 수행한다. 그러나, 이러한 정비활동은 시간에 따라 변하는 모듈의 특성을 반영할 수 없다. 이에 본 연구는 변동되는 평균 고장간 시간 (MTBF) 과 평균 수리 시간 (MTTR)을 산출할 수 있는 확률효과회귀모형을 이용하여 시간에 따라 변동되는 모듈의 특성을 반영한 동적 예방정비 주기를 예측하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 대한민국 공군의 전투 준비 태세 향상에 이바지 할 것으로 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.203-211
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• 1999

수리 가능한 시스템의 평균고장간격시간에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔으며, 그 대부분은 n번째 고장발생시각 $T_n$을 관측한 후 그 다음 고장이 발생할 때까지의 평균시간, 즉 E($T_{n+1}$-$T_n$$\mid$$T_n$ = $t_n$)에 관한 연구들이었다. 본 연구에서는 수리가능한 시스템의 고장이 와이블과정을 따라 일어날 경우, n번째와 n+1번째 고장간의 평균고장간격시간 E($T_{n+1}$-$T_n$)에 대한 불편추정량을 구하고 일치성 및 근사적 정규성을 증명하였다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.643-653
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• 2007

Average hydraulic conductivity was $2.64{\times}10^{-8}m/sec$ average RQD was 78%, average porosity was 0.51%, and range of groundwater level was $77.06{\sim}125.97m$ by measured in 8 boreholes at the Surak Mt. tunnel area. Groundwater level of two peaks in the Surak Mt. tunnel area were estimated through linear regression analysis for groundwater level versus elevation. And, average horizontal hydraulic gradient in the Surak Mt. tunnel area was calculated 0.267. Minimum, maximum, and average hydraulic conductivities that estimated by field tests were $5.56{\times}10^{-9}m/sec,\;6.12{\times}10^{-8}m/sec,\;and\;2.64{\times}10^{-8}m/sec$, respectively. Groundwater discharge rates per 1 meter that estimated using minimum, maximum, and average hydraulic conductivities and average horizontal hydraulic gradient were $0.00585m^2/day,\;0.06434m^2/day,\;and\;0.02775m^2/day$, respectively. Pure groundwater recharge rate per unit recharge area was calculated 223.96 mm/yr through water balance analysis. Prediction simulation of groundwater level fluctuation with minimum, maximum, and average hydraulic conductivities were conducted. Discharge rate into the Surak Mt. tunnel for minimum hydraulic conductivity was small, but groundwaer drawdown was highly. Discharge rate into the Surak Mt. tunnel for maximum hydraulic conductivity was higher, but groundwaer level was recovered quickly.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.4 s.100
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• pp.285-294
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between purification characteristics and hydraulic conditions, and to clarify the basic and essential factors required to be considered in the construction and management of artificial wetland system for the improvement of reservoir water quality. The artificial wetland system was composed of a pumping station and six sequential plants beds with five species of macrophytes: Oenanthe javanica, Acorus calamus, Zizania latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Phragmites australis. The system was operated on free surface-flow system, and operation conditions were $3,444-4,156\; m^3/d$ of inflow rate, 0.5-2.0 hr of HRT, 0.1-0.2 m of water depth, 6.0-9.4 m/d of hydraulic loading, and relatively low nutrients concentration (0.224-2.462 mgN/L, 0.145-0.164 mgP/L) of inflow water. The mean purification efficiencies of TN ranged from 12.1% to 14.3% by showing the highest efficiency at the Phragmites australis bed, and these of TP were 6.3-9.5% by showing the similar ranges of efficiencies among all species. The mean purification efficiencies of SS and Chl-A ranged from 17.4% to 38.5% and from 12.0% to 20.2%, respectively, and the Oenanthe javanica bed showed the highest efficiency with higher concentration of influent than others. The mean purification amount per day of each pollutant were $9.8-4.1\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in BOD, $1.299-2.343\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in TN, $0.085-1.821\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in TP, $17.9-111.6\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in SS and $0.011-0.094\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in Chl-a. The purification amount per day of TN revealed the hi링hest level at the Zizania latifolia bed, and TP showed at the Acrous calamus bed. SS and Chl-a, as particulate materials, revealed the highest purification amount per day at the Oenanthe javanica bed that was high on the whole parameters. It was estimated that the purification amount per day was increased with the high concentration of influent and shoot density of macrophytes, as was shown in the purification efficiency. Correlation coefficients between purification efficiencies and hydraulic conditions (HRT and inflow rate) were 0.016-0.731 of $R^2$ in terms of HRT, and 0.015-0.868 of $R^2$ daily inflow rate. Correlation coefficients of purification amounts per day with hydraulic conditions were 0.173-0.763 of Ra in terms of HRT, and 0.209-0.770 daily inflow rate. Among the correlation coefficients between purification efficiency and hydraulic condition, the percentages of over 0.5 range of $R^2$ were 20% in HRT and in daily inflow rate. However, the percentages of over 0.5 range of correlation coefficients ($R^2$) between purification amount per day and hydraulic conditions were 53% in HRT and 73% in daily inflow rate. The relationships between purificationamount per day and hydraulic condition were more significant than those of purifi-cation efficiency. In this study, high hydraulic conditions (HRT and inflow rate) are not likely to affect significantly the purification efficiency of nutrient. Therefore, the emphasis should be on the purification amounts per day with high hydraulicloadings (HRT and inflow rate) for the improvement of eutrophic reservoir withrelatively low nutrients concentration and large quantity to be treated.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2005

Groundwater level changes in coastal aquifers occur due to oceanic tides, where the properties of oceanic tides can be applied to estimate hyadraulic parameters. Hydraulic parameters of coastal aquifers located in eastern part of Jeju island were estimated using the tidal response technique. Groundwater level data from a saltwater intrusion monitoring well system was used which showed tidal effects from 3 to 5 km. The hydraulic gradient was assessed by utilizing the filtering method from 71 consecutive hourly water-level observations. Calculated hydraulic diffusivity ranged from 2.94${\times}10^7m^2d^{-1}$ to 4.36${\times}10^7m^2d^{-1}$ . The hydraulic gradient of the coastal aquifer area was found to be ~$10^{-4}$, whereas the gradient of the area between wells Handong-1 and 2 was found to be ~$10^{-6}$, which is very low comparatively. Analysis of groundwater monitoring data showed that groundwater levels are periodically higher near coastal areas compared to that of inner land areas due to oceanic tide influences. When assessing groundwater flow direction in coastal aquifers it is important to consider tidal fluctuation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1999

Uptakes of N and P by Phragmites japonica Steudel. are determined in continuous flow tanks as a function of hydraulic retention time (HRT, days) and nutrient concentration (NC). Results show that the uptake was higher at shorter HRT and higher nutrient concentration, and the regression equations were estimated. Mean above ground biomass of Phragmites japonica in the middle reaches of Sagimak stream was 335.92 g/$m^2$, and estimated uptake by this vegetation were 7.31~20.15 NH$_4$-N, 31.15~95.84 NO$_3$-N, and 4.09~11.48 PO$_4$-P mg/$m^2$/day in Sagimak stream, respectively when HRT was 1~5 days. According to this study, it is concluded that Phragmites japonica Steudel. are suitable for water quality improvement of stream through nutrient uptake at short HRT and high concentration.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2018

In this study, we conducted flume experiments to investigate the three-dimensional flow structures around a half-submerged spur dike in a straight open channel flume. The experiments were carried out under the two different Froude numbers, 0.10 and 0.18. The results were compared with the previous experimental result conducted for non-submerged spur dike. Three-dimensional instantaneous velocities were measured using Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry (ADV) and water elevation data were collected using ultra sonic distance sensor. The results show that submergence conditions of the spur dike largely influence the three-dimensional flow structures around a spur dike.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a tool called ARCAV (Atomatic Recovery of CUDA Atomicity violation) to automatically repair atomicity violations in GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) program. ARCAV monitors information of every barrier and memory to make actual memory writes occur at the end of the barrier region or to make the program execute barrier region again. Existing methods do not repair atomicity violations but only detect the atomicity violations in GPU programs because GPU programs generally do not support lock and sleep instructions which are necessary for repairing the atomicity violations. Proposed ARCAV is designed for GPU execution model. ARCAV detects and repairs four patterns of atomicity violations which represent real-world cases. Moreover, ARCAV is independent of memory hierarchy and thread configuration. Our experiments show that the performance of ARCAV is stable regardless of the number of threads or blocks. The overhead of ARCAV is evaluated using four real-world kernels, and its slowdown is 2.1x, in average, of native execution time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.714-714
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• 2012

금강 하류부의 경우 '97년 금강홍수예경보 자료를 활용하고 있으나, 수치모형 결과 자료로 실측에 의한 검증이 이루어지지 않았으며, 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 평수기 및 홍수기의 하류도달시간 실측 기술을 확보하여 실측을 통한 수치모형의 검증 및 보완이 필요한 실정이다. 또한, 보정된 수치모형을 이용한 도달시간 실시간 예측을 통해 댐 보 운영의 효율성을 확보하고 대 내외에 검증 결과를 제시할 필요가 있다. 하천 전 구간에서 실측할 수 있는 센서기술을 활용하여 금강의 일부 보 구간에 대하여 계측을 수행하였다. 계측결과 유출량-평균도달시간에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 하상경사, 하폭, 지류유입량, 강우량, 식생, 하천구조물 등이 있으며, 이러한 요인을 수리학적 모형을 적용하여 모든 사상에 대해 정확한 해석을 한다는 것은 매우 어려운 일이다. 이로 인해 유출량-평균도달시간과의 관계 분석을 위해서는 여러 하도구간에 대한 지속적이고 많은 계측이 수반되어야 하며, 이로부터 얻어진 계측 결과를 토대로 각 하천별 유출량별 평균도달시간 관계에 대한 해석 방법을 제안할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 본 연구의 계측결과는 홍수기 8회, 평수기 10회를 통해 보 건설에 따른 하류 도달시간의 영향을 분석하기에는 계측 자료가 매우 부족한 실정이며, 향후 지속적인 관측자료 확보를 통해서 보 운영에 따른 도달시간의 영향을 분석할 수 있는 기초자료 확보가 매우 중요할 것이다. 또한, 지류 유입량을 고려한 실측자료를 기초로 기존 도달시간 산정 방법을 개선하고, 도달시간 계측 결과의 신뢰성 확보를 위한 지속적인 연구개발 수행하여 금강 전 유역으로 확대 적용하기 위한 방안 마련이 필요하다. 이를 통해 4대강살리기 사업 전 후의 도달, 지체시간 분석하여 사업구간에 대한 계측을 통한 금강에서의 보 건설 전 후의 영향 검토에 반영할 수 있도록 하여 수계별 관계분석 자료로 활용할 수 있도록 제공하여야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.102-114
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• 1990

This study was carried out to analyze the operation of the sluice gates by taking Sabkyo Reservoir as the model, and to examine the formulae of the design criteria for the Agricultural Land Improvement Project by hydraulic model experiments. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. According to the records of gate operation for 9 years, the mean height of the opened gates was 4.13 m, the mean number of operated gates were 4.04, the average annual number of operation were 67 times, the average annual operating time were 192.5 hours, and the average operating time were 2.88 hours. 2. The water supplied through Sabkyo Reservoir was 88.15 megatons per year, which was about 1.4 times the effective storage capacity. And the annual volume of pumping in May, which is the most water demanding season, was 29.56 megatons in average. 3. As the submerged orifice was transformed into the surface orifice, the suggested formulae for the orifice flow on the design criteria for the Agricultural Land Improvement Project showed a discontinuous line on the transition zone. It should be improved, because it is different from the real hydraulic phenomena. 4. The formulae for the orifice flow which are divided into the submerged and surface orifices are being used. However, these formulae could be substituted for the formular, $q=C{\cdot}W\sqrt{2gH_1}$, if the discharge coefficient considering the reservoir water level, the sea water level, and the gate opening height is used.