• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2020

The city of Suwon has introduced a dockless bike for the first time in Korea. In this study, a questionnaire was conducted for citizens to suggest improvement through satisfaction analysis. As a result of the survey, 88 % of respondents awarded the presence of a bike, and 90 % answered positively in terms of bike policy; whereas mature civic ethics showed an low satisfaction. For the purpose of usage, approximately 75 % of users mainly used for commuting, business, shopping, and the connection with mass transit. In the result of the primary means of a trip, a private car was most preferred before operation; However, it was found that mode transition has been actively carried out. This suggests significant implications for implementing sustainable urbanism. Meanwhile, The level of satisfaction significantly differed in the field of payment method, charge, usage guidance and publicity by an occupation and age groups commonly. Satisfaction in bike maintenance was statistically differed by an occupation. Satisfaction in Rental-return and registration procedures showed differences by an age groups. The results of this study will contribute to establishment related policies and to more activate dockless shared bike.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.247-258
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• 2009

Rail transportation system are needed to develop proper corresponds to satisfy various demands in freight transportation since there are many problems in rail transportation infrastructure and operation. This paper analyzes characteristics of rail transportation consumers and develops policy for vitality of rail transportation by survey of rail transportation consumers and AHP methodology. This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 presents the description of the objective and the methods for this study. Section 2 presents the description of the methods for analysis of characteristics of consumers of rail freight transportation. Section 3 presents the characteristics of rail transportation consumers by analysis the survey results of rail transportation consumers. Section 4 summarizes our conclusions and discusses further research topics.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6D
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• pp.697-705
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to clarify the relation between environmental consciousness and railway usage behavior. Author would locate this research on position of basic survey to promote railway use according to Low Carbon Green Growth policy in Korea. In this research, we would perform descriptive analysis using data of research on the actual condition of railway use in 2008, Daegu, and describe its relationship. In addition, we would suggest some idea about policy which can promote railway use. The order of railway choice behavior noticed in clustering of environmental consciousness was cooperative behavior type, middle type and non-cooperative behavior type. It suggests that environmental consciousness has effect on transportation choice behavior. Specially, railway improvement isn't enough to promote railway use. And, it is advisable to carry out the improvement in such a way that it may encourage the nation to move from the current environmental consciousness stage to cooperative behavior. Moreover, we assumed Binary Probit(BP) model using SP data of time or condition of transportation expense compared with passenger car and bus. As the results, modified likelihood ratio of two BP models is favorable variables. And it occurred that mode was transferred from passenger car to railway when it showed higher social environment consciousness and low selfish environment consciousness, because t-statistic which represents selfish environment consciousness showed significance in 95% confidence level. That is, it can be described that environment consciousness affect on the intention of railway use.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.481-491
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• 2016

This study analyzed the customer's revisit concepts and storytelling by restaurant customers to identify the elements that can attract the attention of customers. The restaurant concept or advertising, restaurant decor will also have to change to emphasize the comparative advantage of the features in the menu of a restaurant or other restaurants / service that tells a story. Membership cards or money, or the same convenience and use of the restaurant non-monetary 'transition cost' can compensate for the negative emotions and low satisfaction level of restaurant customers and help them choose to revisit the restaurant. Therefore, if such a transition takes full account of the effects of the cost to the customer, it can be used as an effective means. In class restaurants, such as the food and customer service, the increased levels of the restaurant atmosphere and empirical elements, such as store concept and physical environment, can improve the positive consumer sentiment, strengthen the customer satisfaction and have a positive effect on the customers' revisit intention. It is also important to improve the level of visual texture using light. In addition, positive consumer sentiment can be induced using the store concept, the physical environment, and experiential elements. In other words, membership cards, mileage points, and various financial and non-financial inducements as a marketing tool will have a positive impact on the customer's revisit intention.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2007

Types of agricultural policy can be catagorized into two general cases: price and income supports. Income supports are any government program designed to provide farmers with higher incomes than they would receive otherwise. These direct cash payments to farmers are known as "deficiency payment" or "direct payment" because they compensate the farmer for the failure of the market to provide farmers with adequate prices. The direct payment to environment-friendly agriculture is a form of income supports for the agriculture production using less pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Because no significant regulation exists on the use of fertilizers substituting chemical fertilizers for crop, the role of the payment on reducing environmental impacts of agriculture is not entirely clear. This uncertainty is likely to be particularly severe in the case that farmers with low-quality land showing greater demand for fertiliser have an incentive to transition to environment-friendly agriculture. The paper shows the case of the current payment system in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2006

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) has been used as a rootstock for the watermelon cultivation because of better growth ability at low temperature and avoidance from contamination of the soil disease. Since the genetic source for the elite rootstock is limited in nature, the genetic engineering method is inevitable to develop new lines especially to obtain the functionally important or multi-disease resistant bottle gourd. Recently, our lab has set up a successful system to transform the bottle gourd. in order to monitor the transformation process, GFP gene is used. Cotyledons of the inbred line 9005, 9006 and G5 were used to induce the shoot under the selection media with MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 3.0 mg/L BAP + 100 mg/L kanamycin + 500 mg/L cefotaxime + 0.5 mg/L $AgNO_3$, pH 5.8. The shoot was developed from the cut side of the explants after 3 weeks on the selection media. The shoot was incubated in the rooting media with 1/2 MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 0.1 mg/L IAA + 50 mg/L kanamycin + 500 mg/L cefotaxime, pH 5.8 and moved to pot for acclimation. Although the shoot development rate was depended on the genotype, the G5 was the best line to be transformed. Monitoring GFP expression from the young shoot under microscope could make the selection much easier to distinguish the transformed shoot from the non-transformed shoots.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.389-400
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• 2014

This study finds a way to increase the usability of a subway commuter pass. Usability of the commuter pass on a probabilistic statistical model is calculated when the pass is allowed to used in a different mode(bus). A sunk cost of commuter pass is used to reduce the vehicle travels from public transit. 324 people aged 25 to 35 were surveyed and utilized to build a Nested Logit Model on STRADA 3.5 platform. Main results are as follows. First, commuter passes were issued in various forms. Second, the model turns out to be statistically significant in four explanatory variables (discount rate, inter-usablity between modes, forms of payment and periods). Lastly, the more valid on different modes, the more increased of the rail commuter pass.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

Credit card is means of payment used like cash in terms of function and its users have increased consistently. With development of Internet and electronic commerce a role as payment method of credit card has been growing. But as the risk which results from centralized information and online increases, credit card fraud is also growing. Card theft and loss are decreasing due to countermeasure of card companies and financial supervisory authorities, while card forge and identity theft are increasing. Recently because of frequent personal information leakage and deregulation of financial security following easy-to-use payment enforcement, customer's anxiety about card fraud is growing. And the increase of card fraud lowers trust on credit system as well as causes social costs. In this paper, the security problems of card operating system are addressed in depth and the measures such as immediate switch to IC card terminals, introduction of new security technology, supervision reinforcement of the authorities are proposed.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.739-744
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• 2010

As recent traffic policy focuses on reduction of congestion and environmental contamination, with a catch phrase, 'Green Traffic', Low Carbon Green Growth' and 'Sustainable Development', introducing the new eco-friendly transport means including railway has been emerging as critical issue. Included in the new transport means are BRT, Bimodal Tram and LRT, and this study was intended to evaluate and analyze Bimodal, among others, which generates less emission, noise and vibration thanks to hybrid type traction system employed by Bimodal Tram, which is considered a future-oriented system because of eco-friendly features and cost efficiency as well as punctuality and convenient accessibility to bus. Thus in this study, appropriateness of Bimodal Tram comparing to other system(BRT) was suggested, using conversion traffic from the road, traffic speed and CO2 emission at the metropolitan area and large provincial areas as the barometer in evaluation, and furthermore, the measures applicable to introduction strategy that will meet various functional aspects in urban area in the coming days were developed.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-116
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• 1996

우리나라 제조업(製造業)의 수직적(垂直的) 구조(構造)는 선진공업국에 비하여 소(小) 영세기업(零細企業)의 비중이 월등히 높은 피라미드형의 형태를 보이며 80년대말 이후 소기업군의 확대는 더욱 두드러지고 있다. 이처럼 소기업의 비중이 높아진 것은 제조업체들이 가격경쟁력(價格競爭力)을 높이기 위하여 생산비용이 높게 드는 자체생산(自體生産)을 가능한 한 줄이고 임금(賃金)이 낮은 중소기업으로 생산공정을 이양해 왔기 때문이다. 소기업 비중이 높은 분업구조는 가격경쟁력이 중시되어 생산을 분업화해야 하는 경제체제에서는 높은 효율성(效率性)을 발휘한다고 평가할 수 있다. 90년대에 이르러 중소기업이 저가(低價)의 생산요소(生産要素)를 조달받기 어려운 경제여건이 조성되면서 중소기업의 경영불안이 높아지는 등 가격경쟁력을 유지하기 위한 생산분업체제(生産分業體制)는 한계(限界)에 도달한 것으로 보인다. 따라서 대기업과 중소기업간 분업도 기술(技術) 중심의 분업관계(分業關係)로 전환되어야 할 단계에 이르렀다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 종전과 같이 소기업(小企業)에 의존하는 분업구조(分業構造)로는 기술분업(技術分業)이 정착되기 어렵다. 왜냐하면 연구개발, 전문인력의 고용 등 기술개발과 관련된 기업활동에는 생산량에 관계없이 고정비용(固定費用)이 들어서 기술개발 비용과 위험을 분산시키려면 기업의 생산규모가 상당히 커져야 하기 때문이다. 이는 소기업 중심의 분업구조가 중견기업(中堅企業)중심의 구조로 개편(改編)되어야 함을 의미한다. 중견기업이 육성되려면 첫째, 대기업과 직거래하는 중소업체(中小業體)의 수(數)가 축소되어야 한다. 거래업체수의 과다는 기업규모를 영세하게 만드는 가장 직접적 요인이기 때문이다. 그러나 거래업체의 정리과정에서 기존업체들이 중소기업 보호여론을 등에 업고 반발할 수 있고, 대기업이 교섭력을 강화하기 위한 수단으로 악용할 수 있으므로 객관적이고 투명한 정리기준의 제시가 전제되어야 한다. 둘째, 대기업의 중소기업에 대한 대폭적 자본참여(資本參與)가 허용되어야 한다. 대기업의 자본참여는 중소기업 지배를 강화할 것으로 우려되어 현재는 극히 부분적으로 허용하고 있으나, 개방경제하에서는 대기업과 국내 중소기업간의 협력관계를 유지시키는 효과적 수단으로 작용하게 될 것이다. 셋째, 은행 등 금융자본(金融資本)의 중견기업에 대한 투자(投資) 활성화(活性化)가 필요하다. 금융자율화로 금융기관의 수익성이 강조되는 상태에서 금융자본이 거래업체의 주주(株主)로서 참여하면 경영정보를 손쉽게 파악할 수 있어 우량업체의 신속한 육성이 가능해질 수 있다.