• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.452-460
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• 2008

Anti-foaming agents and foam fences have been used to remove the foam at the outfall of power plants, but there are some problems as consumption of maintenance costs and insufficiency of effect. Therefore, development of the methods how to remove the foam by stable coastal structure has been required. In this study, numerical simulation of air entrainment was carried out to design the submerged outlet structure for reducing foam using curtain walls. The air entrainment rate and the discharge of entrained air change according to the shape of weir and curtain wall. Hence, it is necessary to design the optimum section through comparison of each case. The optimum section which has the maximum rate of foam reduction was determined by the simulation results. In addition, it was found that the flow velocity at the submerged outlet is to be smaller than 1 m/s and the submerged depth of curtain wall is to be taller than height of the submerged outlet section.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2005

Germ cell development during oogenesis, ovarian maturation and first sexual maturity in female Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated by cytological and histological observations. R. philippinarum is dioecious. During vitellogenesis, the Golgi complex, glycogen particles, and mitochondria were involved in the formation of lipid droplets and lipid granules in the cytoplasm of the early vitellogenic oocyte. In the late vitellogenic oocyte, cortical granules, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. At this time, exogenous lipid granular substance and glycogen particles in the germinal epithelium passed into the oocyte through the microvilli of the vitelline envelope. The spawning period was once a year between early June and early October, and the main spawning occurred between July and August when seawater temperature was approximately $20^{\circ}C$. The reproductive cycle of this species can be categorized into five successive stages: early active stage(January to March), late active stage(Februaryto May), ripe stage(April to August), partially spawned stage(May to October), and spent/inactive stage (August to February). Percentages of female clams at first sexual maturity of $15.1{\sim}20.0mm$ in shell length were 52.6%(50% of the rate of group maturity was 17.83mm in length), and 100% for the clams >25.1mm.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1999

Canalicular liver plasma membrane vesicles (cLPM) were prepared according to two different methods (Inoue method and Meier method), and were evaluated for their protein yield, enzyme activity and transport characteristics. No difference was found between the methods in the protein yield (i.e., $0.14{\pm}0.031$ and $0.15{\pm}0.050$ mglg liver for Inoue method and Meier method, respectively). The activity of alkaline phosphatase, a marker enzyme of canalicular membrane, was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the vesicles of Meier method $(3.52{\pm}0.91\;mmol/mg/hr)$than in the vesicles of Inoue method ($2.28{\pm}0.94$ mmol/mg/hr) indicating that more purified cLPM were obtained from Meier method compared with Inoue method. ATP-dependent vesicular uptake of taurocholate and tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA) was observed for vesicles of both methods, and the kinetic parameters responsible for the transport were similar between the vesicles of both methods (for example, $V_{max}:$ 9.72 nmol/mg protein/30sec and $K_m:$ 0.63 mM for Inoue method; $V_{max}:$ 10.1 nmol/mg protein/30sec and $K_m:$ 0.70 mM for Meier method). A pH gradient dependent counter transport of TBuMA was also observed for both vesicles with similar kinetic characteristics. Either the uptake of taurocholate in the absence of ATP or that of TBuMA in the absence of pH gradient, which may represent passive diffusion of respective compound into the vesicles, was more rapid for the vesicles of Meier method than for the vesicles of Inoue method. For example, passive diffusion rate constants $(K_d)$ for TBuMA uptake into the vesicles were 0.00030 and 0.00052\;{\mu}l/mg$ protein/min for the vesicles of Inoue method and Meier method, respectively. It may indicate that more leaky vesicles are obtained form the Meier method compared with the Inoue method. These aspects together with the time necessary to prepare the vesicles (i.e., 8 hr for Inoue method and 23 hr for Meier method) should be considered before selecting an appropriate method for the preparation of cLPM.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

The key regulators of apoptosis are the interacting protein of the Bcl-2 family. Bcl-2, an important member of this family, blocks cytochrome C release by sequestering pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins such as Bid, Bad, Bax and Bim. The pro-survival family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-W) are critical for cell survival, since loss of any of them causes cell death in certain cell type. However, its role during early porcine embryonic development is not sufficient. In this study, we traced the effects of Bcl-2 inhibitor, ABT-737, on early porcine embryonic development. We also investigated several indicators of developmental potential, including gene expression (apoptosis-related genes) and apoptosis, which are affected by ABT-737. Porcine embryos were cultured in the PZM-3 medium with or without ABT-737 for 6 days. In result, significant differences in developmental potential were detected between the embryos that were cultured with or without ABT-737 ($14.7{\pm}3.0$ vs $30.3{\pm}4.8%$, p<0.05). TUNEL assay showed that the number of containing fragmented DNA at the blastocyst stage increased in the ABT-737 treated group compared with control (4.7 vs 3.7, p<0.05). The mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax increased in ABT-737 treated group (p<0.05), whereas expressions of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-W) decreased (p<0.05). Also, expressions of the ER stress indicator genes (GRP78, XBP-1 and sXBP-1) increased in ABT-737 treated group (p<0.05). In conclusion, Bcl-2 is closely associated with of apoptosis- and ER stress-related genes expressions and developmental potential in pig embryos.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.262-266
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• 2008

Purpose : Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a polymorphic supergene family of detoxification enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of numerous diseases. Several allelic variants of GSTs show impaired enzyme activity and are suspected to increase the susceptibility to diseases. Bilirubin is bound efficiently by GST members. The most commonly expressed gene in the liver is GSTM1, and GSTT1 is expressed predominantly in the liver and kidneys. To ascertain the relationship between GST and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, the distribution of the polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were investigated in this study. Methods : Genomic DNA was isolated from 88 patients and 186 healthy controls. The genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results : The overall frequency of the GSTM1 null was lower in patients compared to controls (P=0.0187, Odds ratio (OR) =0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.88). Also, the GSTT1 null was lower in patients compared to controls (P=0.0014, OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.24-0.70). Moreover, the frequency of the null type of both, in the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1, was significantly reduced in jaundiced patients (P=0.0008, OR=0.31, 95% CI=0.17-0.61). Conclusion : We hypothesized that GSTM1 and GSTT1 might be associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. However, the GSTT1 and GSTM1 null type was reduced in patients. Therefore the null GSTT1, null GSTM1, and null type of both in the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1 may be not a risk factor of neonatal jaundice.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.816-825
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• 2018

Recently, it was emerged to need the necessity of LPG residues management due to the finding some substances such as rust. This study is performed to investigate the characteristics of LPG residues in the production and distribution stage of LPG. For the qualitative analysis of LPG residues, it was operated to be set up the analysis conditions(the flow rate, etc) of GC-MS and was performed to analyze the component of LPG residues. From the analysis result using GC-MS, it was shown that the component of LPG residues was turned out the plasticizer to be used in the rubber manufacturing process. The inorganic components of LPG residues were analyzed using ICP-OES. At the results of inorganic analysis, it was shown that the Si element was detected, which was presumably derived from defoamers used mainly in the LPG production. Also, the P and Zn element, which are estimated to be components of grease additives used for filling facilities, were also partially detected. No trace of rusting was detected in the LPG residues in the production and distribution stages analyzed in this study. But, as plasticizers and grease additives can affect to the LPG fuel system in vehicles, it will be necessary to use the proper quality of rubber and to expand the use of low boiling grease additives.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2000

To provide basic information on the integumentary system of the blenny, Pholis nebulosa, ultrastructures of epidermal and dermal layer were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscope. The skin of the blenny consisted of epidermal and dermal layer. Epidermal layer consisted of supporting cell and unicellular gland. The supporting cells were classified into superficial cell, intermediated cell and basal cell, and the gland cells were classified into mucous secretory cell and club cell. The cytoplasm of supporting cells was divided into cortex and medullar part. In the cortex and medullar part, microfilaments and cell organelles were well developed, respectively. Superficial cell of epidermal layer was cuboidal and contained nucleus of horseshoe shape. Intermediated cell had a nucleus of irregular form and the electron density was higher than the other supporting cells, Basal cell was columnar, but nucleus was situated in the upper cytoplasm. Cell organelles of the basal cell were poor than the other supporting cells, but membrane interdigitations were well developed. The cytoplasm of mucous secretory cell had a well-developed ovoid secretory granules, which reacted to red with AB-PAS reaction. The club cell had a we31-developed round secretory granules and endoplasmic reticulum. figment cells were classified into two type. The one contained pigment granules of electron dense, and the other contained reflecting platelets. The cytoplasm of fibrocyte had n well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 1987

Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus RAFINESQUE, has bred widely in the various districts of Korea since the Office of Fishery transplanted it into our country from Japan in December, 1969. On August 17, 24 in 1985, bluegill were caught in the reservoir of Habuk-Myon, Yangsan-Gun, $Ky\breve{o}ngsangam-Do$, Korea. They spawned in the rearing aquarium on July 13 and August 2 in 1986. The eggs of this species are adhesive and demersal. The size of the egg diameters were varied from 1.18 to 1.30 mm. Hatching took place in 40 hours after fertilization at the water temperature of $24.3-25.4^{\circ}C$. The newly botched larvae were 3.75-4.05 mm in total length possessing yolk sac, and 29-30 mytomes. Many melanophores were evenly distributed on the entire body. Ten days after hatching, the postlarvae attained 6.05-6.35 mm in total length. The yolk sac was completely absorbed and the width of the pectoral finfold had reached the maximum size. One month fifteen days after hatching, the juvenile attained 25.20 mm in total length.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 1987

The cyprinid loach, Misgurnus mizolepis $G\ddot{u}nther$, a freshwater teleost, is a member of the family Cobitidae and is known to distribute in Korea and China. This fish is considered to be an excellent food fish in Korea. This report is a description of the gross morphology of the embryos and larvae up to the development of juvenile period of life. The eggs were obtained by injecting gonadotropin and fertilized by wet method in the laboratory on July 10 in 1986. The inseminated eggs were rinsed with tap water and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$. Live, freshly laid eggs were separative, demersal, adhesive, light yellow and average 1.1mm in diameter. The hatching took place in about yellow and average 1.1mm in diameter. The hatching took place in about 24 hours after fertilization. The newly hatched larvae were average 2.7 mm in total length possessing yolk sac and 35-36 myotomes. Ten hours after hatching, the prelarvae attained 3.5 mm in total length. The first heart pulse and melanophores at the side of the body were observed at this stage. Yolk sac was completely reserved at four days after hatching. The larvae that was cultured 24 days after hatching, 15.4-16.4 mm in total length, entered the juvenile period of life. All the un rays were already peresent; D. III 6, A. III, 5, P.10, V. 4-5, C.14.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.139-139
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• 2003

원예작물은 수확 후 여러 가지 요인에 의해 품질이 저하되어 상품성을 잃게되는데, 특히 수확 후 품온상승에 의해 호흡작용이 왕성해져 품질변화를 촉진하게 된다. 그러므로 수확 후 품온을 가능한 한 빠르게 낮추어 신선도를 유지하기 위한 예냉, 저온저장, 저온수송기술등 저온유통시스템을 활용하는 것이 매우 필요하다. 저온유통시스템을 효과적으로 활용하기 위해서는 냉기의 순환이 원활하여 냉각효율이 좋고 파손의 위험과 물류비용을 줄일 수 있는 포장상자의 구조에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 포도, 방울토마토, 참외의 소비형태는 핵가족화와 더불어 신선 고품질의 농산물을 소량 구매하는 소비패턴으로 변화하면서 저온유통 및 소포장을 위한 포장형태의 개선이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 예냉.저온유통에 적합한 포장상자를 개발하기 위하여 연구소, 농협중앙회, 상자제작회사, 포장디자인 업체, 산지농협 작목반이 개발협의체를 구성하여 참외, 포도, 방울토마토의 저온유통용 골판지 상자를 개발하여 압축강도 및 냉각시험을 실시하여 소비지에 시범 보급하였다. 1. 참외 포장상자는 3kg용 상부 개방형 골판지상자로써 손잡이를 부착하고, 포장상자 상부에 덮개용 필름을 부착하였다. 제작된 상자의 압축강도는 저온유통 후 에도 안전압축강도 이상인 343kgf의 압축강도를 나타냈고, 냉각효율도 기존상자에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 또한 개발된 상자를 사용하여 시중에 출하할 경우 기존 5kg 상자에 비하여 8%이상의 부가가치를 높일 수 있었다. 2. 포도 포장상자는 소비자 기호도를 충족하고 다층적재시 손상을 방지하기 위하여 내용물을 1단 적재하고 상자를 개방형으로 하여 덮개용 필름을 부착하므로써 소비자가 내용물을 확인할 수 있도록 하고, 상자의 압축강도는 소비지까지 유통이 완료된 후 에도 수직압축강도가 400kgf이상으로 안전압축강도 보다 높아 저온에서 안전하게 유통할 수 있었다. 또한 개발된 상자를 사용하여 시중에 출하할 경우 기존 5kg 상자에 비하여 2kg상자는 21%, 4kg상자는 12%이상의 부가가치를 높일 수 있었음. 3. 방울토마토 포장상자는 외포장 상자를 4kg용 상부 개방형 골판지상자를 사용하고, 내포장상자는 500g용 PET용기를 사용하여 1상자에 8개의 내포장상자가 적재될 수 있도록 제작하였다. 제작된 외포장상자의 압축강도는 저온유통후에도 320kgf으로 안전압축강도보다 높게 나타났고, 파랫트 적재효율도 96%이상으로 나타나 물류의 효율성을 높일 수 있었다. 개발된 상자를 사용하여 시중에 출하할 경우 기존 산물형태의 4kg용 상자에 비하여 500g 내포장상자에 출하할 경우 20%이상의 부가가치를 높일 수 있었다.