• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 1986

Rheological characteristics of starch isolated from germinated corn were investigated and compared with those of nongerminated corn starch. Flow behavior of both starches were Bingham psudoplastic. Consistency index and yield stress of germinated starch solution were lower than those of nongerminated starch solution, while flow behavior index was nearly similar. Concentration dependency of both starch solutions were similar to each other but lower temperature dependency of germinated starch solution was observed. Time dependent characteristics of both starches showed thixotropic behavior, but due to germination, germinated starch showed higher structural decay under shear than nongerminated starch and its elastic properties was weaker.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.55.2-55.2
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• 2010

기존의 thermal spray coating은 분사시 가스와 입자가 높은 열을 동반하여 상대적으로 차가운 기판과의 충돌되는 과정에서 기판과 입자 사이에 열응력이 발생하게 되고, 이것은 코팅 특성을 저하시킨다. 또한 고온의 가연성 가스등의 사용으로 작업 시 안전문제 등의 단점이 있었다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 분사 시 운동에너지를 주로 이용하는 cold spray coating 공정이 개발되었다. 이 공정은 코팅 입자를 임계속도 이상으로 가속시켜 입자와 기판이 충돌시 소성 변형을 통해 적층되는 코팅기술이다. Cold spray coating공정은 상온 코팅이 가능하기 때문에 주입입자의 물성이 비교적 그대로 유지되고, 고온의 열로 인한 기판의 변질을 막을 수 있다. Cold Spray coating에서 주로 원형 노즐을 사용하나 본 연구에서는 분사 효율 향상을 위한 광폭노즐을 사용하여 코팅 시간 단축을 기대하고 있다. 임계속도 이상의 입자 확보를 위하여 노즐의 expansion ratio와 노즐 shape의 변화를 주어 그에 따른 노즐내의 유동장을 수치해석을 통해 계산하였다. 분사되는 출구면과 기판 사이의 입자 속도 분포를 해석하였고, 이를 통해 임계속도 이상의 속도를 갖는 유효 입자들의 분포 및 유효 분사 면적을 예측하였다. 또한, 기존의 원형 노즐과 광폭 노즐과의 유동장 비교 및 각 노즐 분사면을 분석하여 cold spray coating공정에서의 효율적인 노즐 형상을 디자인하였다.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2004

INTRODUCTION: The build-up method has been used for application of porcelain powder on the metal framework to make final tooth shape conventionally. This method takes time and need skill to mimic final shade and shape of porcelain fused to metal crown. The purpose of this study was to develop standard shape and shade laminating porcelain forms to reduce build-up time. METHODS: To make tooth form porcelain paste, several liquid organic compounds were added to conventional feldspathic porcelain. The amount of additives and rheologic property were tested to find out best composition. Comparison of mixing methods to reduced porosity, proper heating schedule, and measurement of shrinkage amount and residual organic materials were performed to set-up standard procedures. Finally, biaxial flexural strength and color of preformed laminated paste porcelain were compared with those of porcelain which fabricated by the conventional build-up method. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in physical properties and color stability between two fabrication methods after various testing methods. Conclusion: This new build-up method can be applied to fabricate the PFM crown and bridge without any loss of strength and optical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2009

Lithium secondary batteries have been widely used in the portable electric devices as power source. Recently it is expected that the realm of its applications expands to the markets such as energy storage medium of hybrid electric vehicle(HEV), electric vehicle(EV). Cathode active material is crucial in terms of performance, durability, capacity of lithium secondary batteries. It is urgent to develope the technology for mass production of cathode material to cope with the markets' demands in the near future. In this study, a calcination furnace running in real production line is modelled in 3D, and the thermal flow and gas flow after chemical reaction in the furnace is analyzed through numerical computations. Based on the results, it is shown that large volume of $CO_2$ gas is generated from chemical reaction. High concentration of $CO_2$ gas and it's stagnation is clearly found from the reactant containers in which the reaction occur to the bottom area of the furnace. It is also studied that 15% or more $CO_2$ mol fraction could affect to proper formation of $LiCoO_2$ through TGA-DSC analysis. The solutions to evacuate carbon dioxide from the furnace are suggested through the change of furnace design and operating condition as well.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.73-84
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• 2013

When a slope failure or a debris flow occurs, a shear strength on failure plane becomes nearly zero and soil begins to flow like a non-cohesive liquid. A consistency of cohesive soils changes as a water content increases. Even a cohesive soil existing at liquid limit state has a small amount of shear strength. In this study, a water content, at which a shear strength of cohesive soils is zero and then cohesive soils will start to flow, was proposed. Three types of clays (kaolinite, bentonite and kaolinite (50%)+bentonite (50%)) were mixed with three different solutions (distilled water, sea water and microbial solution) at liquid limit state and then their water contents were increased step by step. Then, their undrained shear strength was measured using a portable vane shear device called Torvane. The ranges of undrained shear strength at liquid and plastic limits are 3.6-9.2 kPa and 24-45 kPa, respectively. On the other hand, the water content that corresponds to the value of the undrained shear strength changing most rapidly is called flow water content. The flow limit refers to the water content when undrained shear strength of cohesive soils is zero. In order to investigate the relationship between liquid limit and flow limit, the cohesive index was defined as a value of the difference between flow limit and liquid limit. The new plasticity index was defined as the value of difference between flow limit and plastic limit. The new liquidity index was also defined using flow limit. The values of flow limit are 1.5-2 times higher than those of liquid limit. At the same time, the values of new plasticity index are 2-5.5 times higher than those of original plasticity index.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.742-748
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• 1989

Rheological properties of gelatinized millet starch dispersions were evaluated. Gelatinized nonwaxy and waxy millet starch dispersion were typical pseudoplastic fluids. At constant shear rate, gelatinized waxy millet starch dispersion showed higher shear stress than nonwaxy millet starch dispersion. Flow behaviours of gelatinized nonwaxy and waxy millet starch dispersion were well fitted to Herschel-Bulkley equation and flow behaviour index (n) and consistency index (K) were strongly concentration dependent. There was a linear relationship between concentration of gelatinized starch dispersion and square root of yield stress. The concentrations of gelatinized nonwaxy and waxy millet starch dispersion where yield stresses become zero were estimated as 2.19 and 1.69%, respectively. Pseudoplastic constant (m) approaches to a constant value in each type of millet starch when the concentration of gelatinized starch dispersion was increased. As the measuring temperatures increase, n value was increased, whereas, K value was decreased. The activation energies of gelatinized nonwaxy and waxy millet starch dispersion were 2.89 and 3.18kcal/mol, respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.107.1-107.1
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• 2010

고체 흡수제를 이용한 석탄합성가스 중의 황제거 기술은 습식 스크러빙 방식에 비해 고온에서 운전가능하므로 석탄가스화복합발전의 효율 향상을 가져올 수 있다. 고체탈황제는 서로 연결된 두 개의 유동층 반응기를 순환하면서 흡수탑에서는 합성가스 중의 $H_2S$로부터 황을 흡수하고 재생탑에서는 공기 중의 산소와 흡수된 황이 반응하여 $SO_2$를 배출하고 재생된다. 따라서 고체 황 흡수제는 유동층 공정에 응용가능한 물성과 함께 높은 황흡수능과 빠른 반응성이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 기존 개발된 고체 탈황제가 가졌던 소성시 수축 현상, 낮은 내마모도 등을 개선하기 위해 지지체 조성을 변경하여 개발한 분무성형 탈황제의 흡수 재생 온도에 따른 황흡수 특성 변화를 조사하였다. $H_2S$ 1 vol. %를 함유한 모사 합성가스를 이용하여 흡수온도 450, $500^{\circ}C$, 재생온도 500, 550, 600, $650^{\circ}C$에서 황 흡수능을 열중량분석기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 개발된 흡수제는 유동층 공정 적용에 적합한 훌륭한 물성(형상, 밀도, 강도 등)과 함께 $500^{\circ}C$ 흡수와 $650^{\circ}C$ 재생을 기준으로 10 wt% 이상의 높은 황흡수능을 보여주었다. 흡수온도 변화는 황 흡수능 변화에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 재생온도가 $600^{\circ}C$ 이하인 경우 황흡수능이 5 wt% 이하로 크게 떨어져 재생온도를 $650^{\circ}C$ 이상 유지시키는 것이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1463-1470
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• 2010

Microforming, which exploits the advantages of metal forming technology, appears very promising in manufacturing microparts since it enables the production of parts using various materials at a high production rate, it has high material utilization efficiency, and it facilitates the production of parts with excellent mechanical properties. However, the conventional macroscale forming process cannot be simply scaled down to the micro-scale process on the basis of the extensive results and know-how on the macroscale process. This is because a so-called "size effect" occurs as the part size decreases to the microscale. In this paper, we attempt to develop an effective analytical and experimental modeling technique for explaining the effects of the grain size and the specimen size on the behavior of metals in microscale deformation processes. Copper sheet specimens of different thicknesses were prepared and heat-treated to obtain various grain sizes for the experiments. Tensile tests were conducted to investigate the influence of specimen thickness and grain size on the flow stress of the material. In addition, an analytical model was developed on the basis of phenomenological experimental findings to quantify the effects of the grain size and the specimen size on the flow stress of the material in microscale and macroscale forming.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2009

Numerical Calculations for dimensionless pressure drop (friction factor times Reynolds number) have been obtained for fully developed laminar flow of MPL(Modified Power Law) fluid in isosceles triangle pipes. The solutions are valid for Pseudoplastic fluids over a wide range from Newtonian behavior at low shear rates through transition region to power law behavior at higher shear rates. The analysis identified a dimensionless shear rate parameter which for a given set of operating conditions specifies where in the shear rate range a particular system is operating, i.e., Newtonian, transition or power law region. The numerical calculation data of the dimensionless pressure drop for the Newtonian and power law regions are compared with previously published asymptotic results presenting within 0.16 % in Newtonian region and 2.98 % in power law region.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1243-1250
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• 2003

In the present study, hot forging process for a lower arm connector of an automobile was investigated. An FEM code, DEFORM-3D, was used to analyze the process and the process parameters, such as temperature, strain and strain rate, were obtained. The microstructure of the connector was predicted by applying the Sellars and Yada microstructure evolution models to the process parameters. The method of microstructure prediction used in the present study seems to be effective for the quality assurance of a forged automotive product.