• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.195-202
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• 2022

In this study, when cardiopulmonary resuscitation continued for a long time, the rescuer's blood lactic acid concentration, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion were measured to identify the change in the rescuer's fatigue. Data collection was conducted from July 5 to July 9, 2021, with a total of 24 students, 12 students department of special warfare medical non-commissioned officer, and 12 students department of emergency medical technology at D University, undergoing a two-person alternative chest compression resuscitation for 60 minutes. As a result of the study, the rescuer's blood lactic acid concentration, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and chest compression speed were significantly changed according to the duration of CPR (p<.001, p<.001, p<.001, p<.001). blood lactic acid concentrations at every measurement cycle (30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 60 minutes) showed a significant positive correlation with heart rate (r=.696, p<.001, r=.672, p<.001, r=.709, p<.001, r=.782, p<.001), there was also a significant positive correlation with the rating of perceived exertion (r=.476, p<).05, r=.426, p<.05, r=.470, p<.05, r=.470, p<.05). Therefore, monitoring the fatigue of rescuers using heart rate and rating of perceived exertion will be useful for maintaining high-quality chest compression in situations where cardiopulmonary resuscitation is required for a long time.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.23
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• pp.37-61
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• 2011

The Noh(能) performance is a traditional drama that represents Japan. The Noh performance was approved in the background of religious thought such as Shintoism(神道), Buddhisms(佛敎), and Syugendo(修驗道). Especially, the influence from Shugendo is large. Shugendo was active in the Middle Ages. Especially, the influence from Shugendo is large. Shugendo was active in the Middle Ages. The Noh was approved while receiving a large influence from Shugendo. It can know the feature of the Shugen(修驗) culture in the Middle Ages through the consideration of . Moreover, the appearance of the training of 'Yamabusi(山伏)' can be seen. "Yamabusi" has not been paid to attention up to now in the research of . And, the focus was appropriated to Yamabusi and it researched in this text. Moreover, the problem of "Chigo(稚子)" is thought through . "Chigo culture" was general in the Middle Ages. It is thought that "Chigo culture" is reflected in . is an Noh performance for the boy named 'Wakamatsu' to enter the mountain and to train. It is because mother's sickness was cured. However, the boy gets sick while it is training. It was dropped to the valley according to the law of Shugendo, and it died. However, it revives by the Yamabusi's prayers. 'Taniko' is to drop to the valley and to bury it when the Yamabusi gets sick while lived. The title of the Noh originated in here. has elements of history, content of training of Shugendo, "Filial piety", and the Chigo culture, etc. These are features of the culture in the Middle Ages. It is not only a sad content though this is a content of the cruel remainder. It is because of the revival though waited rapidly at the end. As for the difficulty of training is drawn in the round, and the appearance of the training at that time is understood well. The essence of Shugendo is to train in the mountain. Supernatural power can be obtained through training. Moreover, it was thought that it was able to be newly reborn through training. The leading part of Shugendo is an Yamabusi. The Yamabusi took an active part in not only the mountain but also the village. The Yamabusi is ordinary people's lives and because the relation is deep, an important factor it knows the folk customs of Japan. The word 'Chigo' is not written in . However, a spectator at that time is 'Chigo' Wakamatsu and is already sure to have understood 'Chigo'. Because everyone knew the Chigo culture in the Middle Ages. A religion at that time and knowledge of the society are necessary to understand the play of Nho well.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-50
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• 2016

Hannam-dong, which lies at the eastern part of Yongsan-gu in metropolitan Seoul has been known as one of the affluent area, but actually it is divided into different sub-areas including poor ones. Although it used to be a quiet residential neighborhood, be they rich or poor, some streets (gil) have become the places of creative economy since the late 2000s. The place-making of Hannam-dong is accompanied by taking-place of different creative classes in different sub-areas, and there have emerged contestation, negotiation and clash among them at the contact zone. While the big companies such as Samsung explores their own version of cultural/creative entrepreneurialism in one sub-area, the actors that can be dubbed as 'creative small producer' and/or 'creative underlass' produce Hangangjin-gil and Usadan-gil as artistic-cum-economic communities by deploying cultural capital. All in all, Hannam-dong is an interesting case that different types of gentrifications are produced by different actors in different sub-areas, which results in producing another kind of 'community of strangers' where different (creative) classes share a physical location, but do not have lasting social interactions and communicative networks.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.113-120
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was the accuracy of cardiac compression, fatigue, and physiological changes of the rescuer for different mask type in cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Data collection was from 9 to 12 May 2022, the participants were a total of 24 paramedic students with a BLS provider at D University. The students participated in an experiment in which 12 students each wore a surgical mask (Dental mask) and a fine particle 94% blocking mask (KF94 mask) and performed CPR for 2 minutes over a total of 7 times. As a result of the study, in the analysis of the quality of the rescuer's chest compression according to the type of mask, there was a significant difference in the compression speed (F=24.91, p<.001) and bad compression hand position (F=14.54, p=.024) in the group wearing the KF94, Fatigue showed significant differences in both the Dental mask group (F=51.16, p<.001) and the KF94 mask group (F=63.49, p<.001). Among the physiological changes, heart rate showed a significant difference between the Dental mask group (F=34.79, p<.001) and the KF94 mask group (F=35.55, p<.001), and the respiratory rate showed a significant difference between the Dental mask group (F=25.02, p=.001) and the KF94 mask group(F=23.02, p=.002). Therefore, in order to improve the quality of efficient chest compression and reduce the fatigue and physiological changes of rescuers, it will be necessary for rescuers to wear suitable personal protective equipment.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.27-41
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to supply basic data for the impact on the accuracy of basic CPR according to position and foot-board height of basic CPR provider. Methods : Study design was within - group design. Subjects were 25 EMT-P Students in K city. Interventions was basic CPR performed on a resuscitation manikin placed on a hospital bed, kneeling on the bed adjacent to the manikin. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Friedman test. Results : In case of the basic CPR performed on a resuscitation manikin placed on a hospital bed, ventilation accuracy was the highest in less than 160 cm height, foot-board height : $34.2{\pm}1.48cm$, 91.4% and in 161-165 cm height, foot-board height : $26.0{\pm}2.14cm$, 88.4% and in 171-175 cm height, foot-board height : $23.0{\pm}1.41cm$, 91.3% and in the above 176 cm, kneeling on the bed, 95%. Chest compression accuracy was the highest in less than 160 cm height, foot-board height : $30.2{\pm}1.48cm$, 95.6% and in 161-165 cm height, kneeling on the bed, 97.6% and in 171-175 cm height, kneeling on the bed, 98.5% and in the above 176 cm, kneeling on the bed, 98.7% and foot-board height : $20.5{\pm}1.91cm$, 98.7%. Chest compression error was due to too weak : 2.0-35.4 times. There were ststistically significant differences in 191-195 cm group according to chest compression mean depths($x^2=10.824$, p = .013) and chest compression error (p = .040). Conclusion : In contrast to current guidelines, the position and foot-board height of basic CPR provider are very important to the accuracy of the basic CPR. Furthermore, we recommend that a using real time audiovisual feedaback system significantly improve the quality of chest compression and ventilation during resuscitation.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Purpose: We compared three chest compression methods to find an efficient method for performing infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for single rescuers and improving chest compressions quality. Methods: Thirty new marine police trainees at the Korea Coast Guard Education Institute were tested for five sessions using three methods of single rescuer infant CPR: two-finger chest compression, two-thumb encircling chest compression, and two-finger support chest compression. Results: The depth, accuracy, and number of compressions per minute of resuscitation were analyzed for the above three methods. The depth of two-finger chest compression, two-thumb encircling chest compression, and two-finger support chest compression was 3.53±0.20cm, 4.10±0.13cm, and 4.22±0.15cm, respectively. Accuracy was 23.86±12.59%, 54.11±10.8%, 71.55±18.81%, respectively, while the time for one cycle of 30 chest compression was 16.01±10.5 seconds, 16.45±0.85 seconds, and 16.56±0.91 seconds, respectively. Chest compression interruptions were 6.59±0.78 seconds, 7.17±0.37 seconds, and 6.97±0.35 seconds, respectively. The interruptions were consistent with the range of 5-10 seconds suggested by the American Heart Association. Conclusion: When one rescuer performs CPR for an infant in cardiac arrest, a comparative analysis of three methods showed that two-thumb encircling chest compression is the best for accuracy and efficiency of chest compressions.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of chest compression according to the patient body weight and the rescuer's weight when performing chest compression on a cardiac arrest patient that occurred on a home bed. From January 07 to January 19, 2023, 36 paramedic students from N and S universities who completed the KBLS provider curriculum of the Korea Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Association were measured at the subject's knee position, the depth of the mattress being pressed by the weight of the manikin, and the depth of the mattress being pressed by the weight of the manikin were measured during continuous chest compression for 2 minutes. As a result of the study, if a child's cardiac arrest is found at home, the patient is moved to the floor to proceed with chest compression, and the first witness to find an adult cardiac arrest is recommended to proceed on the bed rather than force the patient under the bed to proceed with chest compression.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.381-388
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• 2017

The CPR guidelines emphasize the delivery of effective chest compressions but do not address the effects of chest compressions on CPR providers. This study determined the effects of chest compressions on healthy adult firefighters' symptoms, hemodynamics, and electrocardiography after performing multiple cycles of CPR. Healthy adult firefighters were trained in CPR and performed CPR on mannequins. The provider vital signs, electrocardiography, and fatigue scores were determined immediately before CPR, after 5cycles of CPR, and after 10 cycles of CPR. In addition, the presence of clinical symptoms among the providers was determined after CPR; 39 firefighters participated in the study. Their mean age was $35.54{\pm}10.26years$. Many providers developed fatigue, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Significant changes in heart rate (p=0.000), respiratory rate (p=0.010), end-tidal CO2(p=0.000), O2 saturation(p=0.000), and pulse pressure (p=0.000) were observed after both 5 and 10 cycles of CPR. One participant developed sinus dysrhythmia and premature ventricular contractions after 10 cycles of CPR. The delivery of chest compression results in fatigue and hemodynamic alterations in many young healthy adults after performing 5 or 10 cycles of CPR. The CPR guidelines and education should take into consideration the effects of chest compressions on CPR providers.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objectives: This study is a quasi-experimental research with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design study to compare and verify the educational effects between CPR Song.Video Self-Instruction and CPR VSI. Method: We selected total 58 subjects who were freshmen at the Dept of Emergency Medical technology, G College in G Metropolitan City and 28 of them were experimental group which had no experience to have CPR instruction and consented to take part in this research and 30 students were control group. Data were collected from Apr. 27 to 29, 2009. Data were analyzed with SPSS/PC+(version 14.0). and all significance level was set as p<0.05. Results: 1. In the knowledge of CPR, the knowledge level before CPR instruction was 2.17 out of 10 in experimental group and 1.86 in control group. After CPR instruction, experimental group got 9.07 and it meant the increase of 6.89 and control group showed increase to 7.16(p=0.000). 2. Self-efficacy of CPR showed 2.61 out of 10 in both experimental and control groups, and after CPR instruction, experimental group showed increase of 3.93 as 6.55 and control group showed increase of 3.91 as 6.52(p=0.000). 3. Accuracy of CPR performance was 0.32 out of 10 in experimental group and 0.40 in control group. After CPR instruction, experimental group got 9.25 and showed increase of 8.92 and control group got 9.20 and showed increase of 8.80(p=0.000). 4. Study satisfaction was 4.22 out of 5 in experimental group and 3.04 in control group, and experimental group was higher than control group. there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: This study found that CPR Song；Video Self-Instruction achieved better results than CPR VSI. With these results, it is considered that CPR instruction for college students through mass communication or video will be very helpful.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.127-136
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to investigate the awareness of basic emergency care by private ambulance drivers. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 300 private ambulance drivers in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon from February 20 to April 1, 2013. The questionnaire consisted of basic life support related airway management(3 items), respiratory management(9 items), circulation(4 items), consciousness(4 items), and infection control(3 items). The awareness of infection control accounted for 87% and emergency care including airway, breathing, consciousness, and respiration was 60%. The knowledge of emergency care was 15.20(maximum 23.0 points). Consciousness was 2.55(maximum 4.0), airway management was 2.08(maximum 3.0), respiration was 5.35(maximum 9.0), circulation was 2.56(maximum 4.0), and infection control was 2.64(maximum 4.0). In order to improve the quality of private ambulance drivers, it is important to develop the emergency care program and expansion.