• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.461-461
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• 2018

우리나라를 포함하여 전 세계적으로 기후변화로 기인하는 기상변동성 증가 등의 원인으로 물, 식량, 에너지의 시공간적 불균형이 발생할 것으로 전망되고 있다. 특히 미국 캘리포니아 2012-2015 대가뭄, 우리나라의 2013-2015 대가뭄 등 물부족의 위험 가능성이 증폭됨에 따라, 이와 관련된 에너지와 식량 등의 연계자원들도 기존의 방법과 같이 관리되고 활용하는 것에 한계점이 도달하고 있다. 기후변화와 같이 기상학적 스트레스 증가와 더불어, 국제적으로 인구증가 및 도시화가 확대될 것으로 전망되며, 한국, 미국, 중국, 인도 등에서 물안보에 대한 우려가 현실로 다가오고 있으며, 세계경제포럼(world economic forum)의 "전 지구적 위험도 인지 조사"에서도 물, 식량, 에너지 위기에 대한 심각성을 강조하고 있다. 물, 식량 그리고 에너지는 서로 밀접한 연관성을 가지고 있으며, 개별 분야에서의 문제는 그 자체의 위기로 그치지 않고 다른 타 분야의 위험도를 증폭시키는 원인으로 작용하게 된다. 과거와 다르게 교통, 물류 등의 발달로 물, 식량 및 에너지의 국가간 의존도가 더욱 증가하는 방향으로 전개되고 있으며, 세 가지 자원의 연계성 강화는 결국 상호위기를 선제적으로 대응할 수 있는 방법으로 전망된다. 따라서 물안보 및 물복지 실현을 위한 물과 에너지의 저비용, 고효율의 최적화 방안은 상당히 중요한 요인이 될 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 자원간 Trade-off, 평가 등 에너지소비를 줄이고 에너지 효율성을 증가하며 에너지 절약형 기술에 개발에 중점을 두는 방안을 찾아야 한다. 또한 원예시설 및 관개 기술의 개선에 따른 물과 에너지 소비량 비교 분석, 시설원예 산업의 에너지 생산성 및 절약형 기술 등 에너지-물-식량 분야의 상호연결을 정량화하고 최적화하는 방안들을 지속적으로 모색해야 할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.133-148
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• 2022

This study aims to explore the status and motives for using avatars and digital fashion items in the metaverse and to examine consumers' purchase satisfaction and future purchase intentions. We intend to provide implications for the development of avatars and fashion items, and the direction of the fashion industry and clothing education. For this purpose, the purchasing status, consumer motives for using avatars and digital fashion items, purchase satisfaction, and future purchase intentions were investigated, through a survey with 149 consumers aged 19 years or older, with the experience of using avatars. The results are as follows. First, the percentage of avatar ownership was high among women aged between 19 and 29, and those with low or high incomes. The younger group was more likely to make mobile phone purchases than the older group, and the older group was more likely to use credit cards. Even those respondents who owned avatars did not purchase frequently or spent a lot on items. On the other hand, in the case of fashion item purchases, the group spending more than 8,000 won was aged between 19 and 29, and the frequency and amount of purchases increased as income increase. Second, among the motives for using avatars and fashion items, the pursuit of pleasure had the greatest influence, and men paid more attention to self-expression through avatars than women. Third, the motive for vicarious satisfaction influenced purchase satisfaction, and the factors that influenced future purchase intention were vicarious satisfaction and stress relief. The results of this study suggests that avatars and fashion items should be developed considering factors that can relieve stress for all age groups, create a sense of unity among metaverse users, and provide satisfaction in a virtual world that is different from reality. In addition, education on how to use fashion items and consumption attitudes in education related to clothing life will be required.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.321-327
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• 2006

In Korea, there is a growing competitive for water resources between industrial, domestic and agricultural consumer, and the environment as many other OECD countries. The demand on water use is also affecting aquatic ecosystems particularly where withdrawals are in excess of minimum environmental needs for rivers, lakes and wetland habits. OECD developed three indicators related to water use by the agriculture in above contexts : the first is a water use intensity indicator, which is expressed as the quantity or share of agricultural water use in total national water utilization; the second is a water stress indicator, which is expressed as the proportion of rivers (in length) subject to diversion or regulation for irrigation without reserving a minimum of limiting reference flow; and the third is a water use efficiency indicator designated as the technical and the economic efficiency. These indicators have different meanings in the aspect of water resource conservation and sustainable water use. So, it will be more significant that the indicators should reflect the intrinsic meanings of them. The problem is that the aspect of an overall water flow in the agro-ecosystem and recycling of water use not considered in the assessment of agricultural water use needed for calculation of these water use indicators. Namely, regional or meteorological characteristics and site-specific farming practices were not considered in the calculation of these indicators. In this paper, we tried to calculate water use indicators suggested in OECD and to modify some other indicators considering our situation because water use pattern and water cycling in Korea where paddy rice farming is dominant in the monsoon region are quite different from those of semi-arid regions. In the calculation of water use intensity, we excluded the amount of water restored through the ground from the total agricultural water use because a large amount of water supplied to the farm was discharged into the stream or the ground water. The resultant water use intensity was 22.9% in 2001. As for water stress indicator, Korea has not defined nor monitored reference levels of minimum flow rate for rivers subject to diversion of water for irrigation. So, we calculated the water stress indicator in a different way from OECD method. The water stress indicator was calculated using data on the degree of water storage in agricultural water reservoirs because 87% of water for irrigation was taken from the agricultural water reservoirs. Water use technical efficiency was calculated as the reverse of the ratio of irrigation water to a standard water requirement of the paddy rice. The efficiency in 2001 was better than in 1990 and 1998. As for the economic efficiency for water use, we think that there are a lot of things to be taken into considerations to make a useful indicator to reflect socio-economic values of agricultural products resulted from the water use. Conclusively, site-specific, regional or meteorogical characteristics as in Korea were not considered in the calculation of water use indicators by methods suggested in OECD(Volume 3, 2001). So, it is needed to develop a new indicators for the indicators to be more widely applicable in the world.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 2005

The optimum population of a society or country can be defined as 'the population growth path that maximizes the welfare level of the society over the whole generations of both the present and the future, under the paths allowed by its endowments of production factors such as technology, capital and labor'. Thus, the optimum size or growth rate of population depends on: (i) the social welfare function, (ii) the production function, and (iii)demographic economic interrelationship which defines how the national income is disposed into consumption(birth and education of children included) and savings on the one hand and how the demographic and economic change induced thereby, in turn, affect production capacities on the other. The optimum population growth path can, then, be derived in the process of dynamic optimization of (i) under the constraints of (ii) and (iii), which will give us the optimum population growth rate defined as a function of parameters thereof. This paper estimates the optimum population growth rate of Korea by: specifying (i), (ii), and (iii) based on the recent development of economic theories, solving the dynamic optimization problem and inserting empirical estimates in Korea as the parametric values. The result shows that the optimum path of population growth in Korea is around TFR=1.81, which is affected most sensitively, in terms of the size of the partial elasticity around the optimum path, by the cost of children, share of capital income, consumption rate, time preference, population elasticity of utility function, etc. According to a survey implemented as a follow up study, there are quite a significant variations in the perceived cost of children, time preference rate, population elasticity of utility across different socio-economic classes in Korea, which implied that, compared to their counterparts, older generation and more highly educated classes prefer higher growth path for the population of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

This study evaluated the drought tolerance of Liriope platyphylla F.T.Wang & T.Tang, Dendranthema zawadskii var. lucidum (Nakai) J.H.Park, Hosta longipes (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum., Sedum sarmentosum Bunge and Zoysia japonica Steud. for an extensive green roof. In order to assess drought tolerance of green roof plants, several criteria were measured such as volumetric water content, leaf and soil moisture potential, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and antioxidants. The results of the drought tolerance measurement of green roof plants focused on the gradually withering of plants from lack of volumetric water content. D. zawadskii was the first to show an initial wilting point, followed by Z. japonica, H. longipes and L. platyphylla in order while S. sarmentosum showed no withering. It was concluded that H. longipes, L. platyphylla and S. sarmentosum were highly drought tolerant plants able to survive over three weeks. Furthermore, chlorophyll a and b were divided into two types: Type I, which kept regular content from the beginning to the middle of the period and suddenly declined, like H. longipes and Z. japonica; and Type II, which showed low content at the beginning, sharply increased at the middle stage and decreased, like D. zawadskii, L. platyphylla and S. sarmentosum. Volumetric water content and the amount of evapotranspiration consistently declined in all plant species. The analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence results that S. sarmentosum, which had relatively high drought tolerance, was the last to decline, while Z. japonica and S. sarmentosum withered after rapid reduction. At first, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed high activity, but they lowered as the plant body closed stomata owing to the decrease in volumetric water content. Measuring antioxidants showed that when drought stress increased, the amount of antioxidants grew as well. However, when high moisture stress was maintained, this compound was continuously consumed. Therefore, the variation of antioxidants was considered possible for use as one of the indicators of drought tolerance evaluation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.386-398
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• 2020

Wheat is one of the world's top three crops and is an important staple crop, accounting for 20% of the nutrient calories consumed by the world's population. However, due to its complex heterogeneous hexaploid chromosomes and vast genome of approximately 16 Gb, compared to those of other crops, molecular biology and biotechnology studies on wheat are lacking. In recent years, wheat genome analysis has been performed using the latest next-generation sequencing technology so that useful genes can be easily obtained, and wheat biotechnology research is accelerating in various fields. In this review, wheat transformation, an indispensable technique for developing new functional biotech wheat by revealing the function of wheat genes, is described in detail. In addition, the latest research results for overcoming plant diseases, abiotic stresses, and wheat-related diseases that are difficult to solve by classical breeding through wheat transformation and biotechnology are described.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 2018

Decrease in seawater temperature during winter is one of the most important and serious issues confronted by fish net-cage aquaculture farms. This can become the cause of the manifestation of diseases and ensuing mass mortality. The present study was conducted to assess the survival rate, the range of limited low-temperature, the response of oxidative stress in the blood of red sea bream Pagrus major with decrease of water temperature. Low-lethal temperature for 7 days of P. major ($7day-LT_{50}$) was $6.54^{\circ}C$ (confidence limit: $6.31{\sim}6.71^{\circ}C$). Oxygen consumption rate was decreased with lower temperature. It showed the minimum value at the range of low-lethal temperature. Osmolality at $5^{\circ}C$ and $6^{\circ}C$ experimental group was higher significantly than control group. SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity was increased significantly at $5^{\circ}C$ experimental group compared to control group. This study data will be used to determine the appropriate area for aquaculture of red sea bream. It also manage fish net-cage farm to cope with the mass mortality occurring frequently during winter season.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2009

우리나라를 비롯한 동양문화권에서는 천연 약용식물자원의 이용을 통하여 전통적으로 지역 보건향상을 도모해 왔으며 최근 성인병과 난치병 해결을 위한 대체의학에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 약용식물자원을 이용한 건강기능식품 분야가 주목되고 있다. 약용식물자원은 민간에서 약선음식 등에 널리 활용되고 있지만 원료 농산물을 그대로 이용하는 수준으로 광범위한 적용성을 가지는 약선식품용 소재화 기술개발은 약용식물자원의 소비촉진에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구에서는 약선식품용 식품소재 개발의 일환으로 약용식물자원의 배합비와 추출물의 제형이 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 스트레스 경감기능을 보유하는 약용식물자원은 고문헌에 기초하여 선정하였으며 약선원리에 따라 소정의 조건으로 3종(CLP 1, CLP 2, CLP 3) 배합비를 설정하였다. 추출물은 온도를 달리한 열수에 추출하고 유동Ext, 분무건조분말 및 과립으로 제형화 하였고 품질특성은 폴리페놀함량, 용해도, 투과도 및 색도특성을 분석하였다. 약용식물자원 혼합 추출물의 수율은 CLP 2가 65%로 가장 많았으며 1차 추출에서 76%의 수율을 보였고 추출시간대비 수율은 상업적 추출의 경우가 가장 높았다. 유동 Ext의 폴리페놀함량은 CLP 2가 g 당 11~13 mg을 함유하여 가장 많았고 CLP1과 CLP 2는 동등한 수준을 나타냈다. 유동 Ext는 99%의 용해도를 보였으며 투과도는 CLP 3가 52~68%로 가장 낮았으며 추출조건에 따라 색도가 차이가 있었다. 분말형태의 경우 폴리페놀 함량은 분무건조로 제조한 CLIP 2가 15.40mg/g으로 가장 많았다. 부형제로 과립화한 CLP 3가 g당 1.7 mg으로 가장 적었다. 분무건조분말은 98~99%의 용해도를 보였으며 부형제를 사용하여 분무건조하거나 과립화한 시료는 투과도와 명도가 높았으며 적색도와 황색도 및 갈색도가 낮았다. 이상의 결과는 약용식물자원 혼합 추출물은 원료의 조합비와 추출물의 제형은 식품소재화에 따른 품질특성의 영향인자로 작용함을 나타낸다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyse the actual condition of leisure activity in the case of Korea Science Academy students(KSA) and Min Jok Leadership Academy(MLA) students. The participants consisted of KSA students(male:122, female:44) and MLA students(male:71, female:113) with voluntary consent. 1) KSA and MLA's male students showed the highest ratio for participation in the sports, KSA's female students in the taste-culture activity and MLA's female students in the sight-seeing. 2) Mental stress treatment showed the highest ratio in the response to the question asking the principal straight motive of leisure activity, and $75\sim80%$ students considered the leisure activity as an important means to maintain health and physical fitness. 3) The students's 30% answered that they participate by themselves, and KSA male's 51% and female's 40%, MLA male's 40% and female's 48% participated in leisure. Activity planlessly. 4) In weekdays, KSA's male students enjoyed mostly the sport for leisure activity, but taste-culture activity showed the bighest ratio in the case of MLA students and KSA female students. 5)The mae students, 38% of KSA and 54% students of MLA did not play computer game at al in weekdays, and 70% of the female students in total did not play computer game. KSA's male students spent more time in playing computer game than MLA's male students did 6) The biggest reason for being unable to participate in the leisure activity was the insuficiency of time due to homework or studying for quiz. The laziness also showed high po-centage of $19\sim25%$ varying between the groups.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.4 s.54
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• pp.311-321
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• 2005

Tea (Camellia sinenis) is a popular beverage consumed worldwide. Since green tea, mainly consumed in Asia, has various biological activities, green tea components became one of the most favorite candidates as a functional materials for cosmetics and functional foods. The biological activities of green tea for skin cue have been ranged from protection of epidermal cells to the stimulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs), which are active ingredients of green tea, possess anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and immune potentiation properties as well as antioxidant. They also modulate intracellular signal transduction pathways. GTPs decrease ultraviolet (UV)-induced oxidative stress, thus suppress mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and apoptosis in keratinocytes. In addition, GTPs prevent the Induction of inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF{\alpha})$ or chemical treatment in keratinocytes. GTPs treatment protects from chemical-or UV-induced skin tumor incidence in animal experiment. Besides, GTPs stimulate keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation of normal and aged epidermal cells, resectively, and suppress matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) release. According to the progress of formulation study, green tea components will be guaranteed materials for the more effective skin cue products.