• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.637-645
• /
• 2009

To understand the financial situation of waterworks, the revenue and operation cost from 1996 have been analyzed. The budget of waterworks was 3,775 billion won in 1996 and grew up to 5,774 billion won in 2007. The budget has grown about 1.53 times during 11 years. Based on 2007, total cost for supplying water, rehabilitating old facilities and returning debt and its interest was 4146 billion won. The cost was recovered by 2,825 billion won of water revenue, 827 billion won of various fees revenue, 571 billion won of financial grant and 89 billion won of loan. Until 2007, the 15.3% of operation cost for waterworks was covered by government grant and loan. The renovation cost for old non-efficient facilities was 1,356 billion won in 1996 and was 1,486 billion won in 2007. The renovation cost was not increased remarkably during 10 years. Since the total operation cost was increased about 1.5 times, the percentage for renovating old facilities was decreased from 36% to 25.7%. This trend need to be alerted because the renovation has been slow down when the facilities for water supply need more rehabilitation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.31-53
• /
• 1991

본고(本稿)에서는 구조적(構造的) 재정수지(財政收支) 분석(分析)을 통하여 1972년 이후의 중앙정부(中央政府) 재정운용(財政運用)을 경기조절적(景氣調節的) 측면(側面)에서 평가(評價)하고 향후(向後) 정책방향(政策方向)을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 구조적(構造的) 재정수지(財政收支)는 1970년대 중반까지 계속 적자(赤字)를 보여 왔으나, 1970년대 후반 이후의 재정적자축소노력(財政赤字縮小努力)으로 인해 1980년대에는 실제재정수지(實際財政收支)의 적자(赤字)에도 불구하고 구조적(構造的)으로는 흑자기조(黑字基調)로 반전하였던 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 1988년 이후 중앙정부(中央政府) 세출규모(歲出規模)의 빠른 증대로 인하여 구조적(構造的) 재정수지(財政收支)는 다시 적자기조(赤字基調)가 심화되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재정(財政)의 경기조절적(景氣調節的) 역할(役割)을 평가해 볼 경우, 세입(歲入)의 자동조절적(自動調節的) 변화분(變化分)은 경기변동(景氣變動)에 의해 발생되는 명목(名目)GNP갭의 15~18%를 흡수함으로써 총수요안정(總需要安定)에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타난 반면, 구조적(構造的) 재정기조(財政基調)의 변화(變化)는 1980년대 초반을 제외하고는 경기동행적(景氣同行的) 추세(趨勢)를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타나 그동안 재정부문(財政部門)의 경기조절적(景氣調節的) 역할수행(役割遂行)이 미흡했던 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 향후(向後) 재정적자문제(財政赤字問題)의 대두를 방지하기 위해서는 예산운용(豫算運用)의 효율화(效率化) 추진(推進) 및 담세율제고(擔稅率提高) 등의 수지개선노력(收支改善努力)이 요구되며, 아울러 과다한 추경편성(追更編成)의 지양(止揚) 등으로 재정(財政)의 경기조절적(景氣調節的) 역할(役割)을 강화해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2015

In this study, cation and anion exchange process for performance evaluation was conducted. A pilot plant for the ultrpure water production was installed with the capacity of $25m^3/d$. The various production rate and regeneration of ion exchange rate were tested to investigate the design parameters. The test resulst was applied to calculate the operating costs. Changing the flow rate of the ion exchange capacity of the reproduction reviewed the cation exchange process as opposed to the design value is 120 to 164% efficiency, whereas both anion exchange process is 82 to 124% efficiency, respectively. This results can be applied for more large scale plant if the scale up parameters are consdiered. The ion exchange capacity of the application in accordance with the design value characteristic upon application equipment is expected to be needed. In this study, the performance of cation and anion exchange resin process was evaluated with pilot plant($25m^3/d$). The ion exchange capacity along with space velocity and regeneration volume was evaluated. In results, the operation results was compared with design parameters.

• Korean Business Review
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.185-202
• /
• 2004

There is an increasing interest in measuring and comparing the efficiency of organization units whose operations are functionally similar and autonomous. Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) has been extensively used to evaluate the efficiency of non-profit organizations as a whole. This study applies a modified DEA model (Input-oriented BCC model with Nondiscretionary variables) to identify the performance of local government in Korea. It is found that utilizing DEA as a mean of evaluating the performance of local governments yields useful information to decision makers trying to maintain more efficient practices.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.3-89
• /
• 1995

우리나라 거시계량모형(巨視計量模型)들이 지닌 취약점의 하나는 중요한 거시변수간의 일관성 있는 회계관계가 결여된 것이다. 본(本) 모형(模型)은 기존의 한국경제에 대한 거시모형(巨視模型)과 거시변수간에 일관성 있는 회계관계를 강조하는 IMF모형(模型) 등을 포괄하는 자금계획(資金計劃)(financial programming)모형(模型)을 사용하고, 특히 자금순환계정(資金循環計定)을 모형화함으로써 10개의 세입항목, 5개의 세출항목 등 15개의 예산항목이 거시경제(巨視經濟)에 미치는 효과를 분석하고 있다. 본고(本稿)에서는 중요한 현안과제인 물가안정(物價安定)에 구체적인 재정정책수단들이 어떤 영향을 미치는 것인가, 그리고 부수적인 효과로서 각 정책수단이 성장(成長), 국제수지(國際收支), 재정수지(財政收支)에도 어떤 효과를 갖는가를 정책(政策)시뮬레이션을 통하여 분석하고 물가안정(物價安定) 등 중요목표에 따른 예산항목별 우선순위를 제시하였다. 본고(本稿)에서 고려한 15개의 정책대안(政策代案) 가운데 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 주된 관심사인 물가(物價) 측면에서는 인건비(人件費) 감소(減少)가 최선의 대안, 순대출(純貸出) 감소(減少)가 최악의 대안, 부수적인 효과로서 성장(成長) 측면에서는 순대출(純貸出) 감소(減少)가 최선의 대안, 인건비(人件費) 감소(減少)가 최악의 대안, 경상수지(經常收支) 측면에서는 근로소득세(勤勞所得稅) 세율인상(稅率引上)이 최선의 대안, 순대출(純貸出) 감소(減少)가 최악의 대안, 재정수지(財政收支) 측면에서는 순대출(純貸出) 감소(減少)가 최선의 대안, 세외수입(稅外收入) 증가(增加)가 최악의 대안으로 나타난다. 이와 같이 여러가지 정책대안별로 거시경제(巨視經濟)에 미치는 효과가 차이나는 것은 본(本) 모형(模型)이 재정(財政)과 금융(金融)을 종합해서 분석하는 모형(模型)으로서 재정정책변수의 변화가 궁극적으로 통화량(通貨量)에 어떤 영향을 미치는가에 따라 크게 좌우되기 때문이다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.84-104
• /
• 2017

In this study, we divided Gyeonggi-do into Northern, Southern, Western, and Eastern Parts and found out fiscal variables which affected regional economic growth of each Part differentially. And we drew the strategy for economic growth of each Part. After we found out the variables which affected regional economic growth using fixed-effect model, we carried out causality test to determine whether a specific fiscal variable caused economic growth. In the Eastern Part, local tax revenues had a significant effect on the economic growth. Total expenditures, current expenditure in the Southern Part and social welfare expenditure, expenditure on industries, current expenditure in the Northern Part had noticeable effects on economic growth respectively. And we calculated multipliers of fiscal variables to compare the magnitudes of effects among these Parts.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.387-395
• /
• 2004

A computer model was proposed to simulate channel changes and bed material sorting of the meandering channels with different grain size in time and space simultaneously. The bed at the outside of the meandering channel with mixed sediments was scoured deeply and composed of coarser materials, and at the inside was aggradated and composed of finer materials. The sorting process started at the upstream inflection point and was finished at the downstream inflection point. At the natural with complicated boundaries and non-uniform grain sizes, the bed near the outside at the bend and narrow width was scoured deeper with coarse materials than in the channel with uniform grain sizes. The point bars showed lip at the inside near the bend and the bed materials were finer The bed at the outside near the bend and in the narrow width was scoured deeply with the coarser materials.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2012

A comparative study has been carried out on the removal of impurities such As, Sb, Bi from the copper sulfate solution by ion exchange resin containing aminophosphosphonic acid as functional group. The various parameters which affect the removal of impurities; such as the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the amount of ion-exchange resins, the concentration of sulfuric acid in electrolyte, were studied. The basic experimental results showed that about 88% of Sb & 94% of Bi can be adsorbed in these chelate resins and removed from the copper sulfate solutions but As was removed below 10% from the solutions. And the selective elution of Bi and Sb from the adsorbed ion exchange resin also can be achieved by $H_2SO_4$ or HCl solutions. The results also showed that 98.1% of Sb and 96.6% of Bi can be adsorbed from the copper sulfate solutions after 2 Bed-volume of continuous ion exchange column test.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.38 no.10
• /
• pp.580-587
• /
• 2016

This study aims to estimate the values of freshwater ecosystem services from demand and supply perspectives. From demand side, unit-values of ecosystem services are derived from Environmental Valuation Information System (EVIS) and aggregated to 5 main watersheds in Korea. The derived unit-values are based on the willingness to pay estimates per household from stated preference methods. The nation-wide average total values of water quantity supply, water purification, and natural disaster control are estimated as 501.2, 410.4, and 242.4 billion won/year, respectively. From supply side, we examine the direct and indirect public expenditures (or investment) in 2013 to improve freshwater ecosystem services by the government. The total sum of government expenditures corresponds to 8,882 billion won in 2013, where 12.9, 81.3, 0.3 and 5.3% are spent to improve provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural services, respectively, indicating that most efforts are concentrated in enhancing regulating services.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.7
• /
• pp.276-284
• /
• 2009

This paper applies DEA windows analysis in order to determine the efficiency of the Districts of Busan Metropolitan City over time for 5 years (2003 - 2007). This paper used such factors including Number of solutions of civil petitions, Local Tax Collection, and Financial Independent rate as output, Total Labor Costs, Government Employees, Population and Expenditure as inputs. This study concludes that the efficiency of the different District can fluctuate over time to different extents and efficiency of most District decreases from 2003. Indeed, the empirical results reveal that substantial inefficiency exists in some Districts at some point in time. In consequence, this validates the necessity for using DEA windows analysis in preference to an analysis based upon cross-sectional data. This paper shows that Districts' efficiency decreases as Window goes to 1 to 3.