• 한국노년학
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.503-518
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• 2007

The intergenerational support exchange depends on elder's objective conditions and social context, and its effects are diverse. I argue that not only capacity such as health condition and economic status but also relational properties among parent(s) and adult children are important to determine their reciprocal support exchange. Seoul area is selected, and 730 elders are interviewed to be analyzed quantitatively. The survey data are collected based on the structured questionnaire. Findings are partly supportive to the arguments presented above. The relational properties, especially coresidence, the number of adult children, and contact frequency independently influence reciprocal support. The better health conditions of parent(s) are, the more support to adult children is given. The economic status is related to financial support exchange only. The types of intergenerational support exchange include dependant, balanced, and generalized reciprocity. The most important determinant of the reciprocity is the elders' health condition.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.123-148
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• 2001

This study explores the factors affecting emotional support between aging parents and adult children living in separate households. With a social exchange perspective on intergenerational family relationship as theoretical framework, the effects of aging parents\` demographic characteristics, potential reward resources. and need for care were tested by analyzing data collected from 2.535 persons aged 65 and over in 9,355 sample households of \`National Survey of Living Status and Welfare Needs of the Elders-1998\`. The statistical analysis of 2,205 aging parents with adult children living in seperate households reveals that the aging parents who have potential reward resources are provided more emotional support by their children than the aging parents without resources are. Findings also show that the elders who live in same households with their own children, and need help from other people with instrumental activities of daily living obtain less emotional support from their children living in separate households. The empirical findings of this study support the social exchange perspectives on family ties between aging parents and adult children living in separate households. but only 8.9 per cents of variance in degree of emotional support is explained by the variables included in the model.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.83-111
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• 2002

This study examines the structure of intergenerational relationship and its effects on old-age security of the Korean society. Of interest is the effects of the middle aged's attitudes on old parents'security on their intergenerational exchange relationship and on their own old-age security as well. This study also attempts to test the applicability of the social exchange perspective to the study of intergenerational support relationship in Korea The social exchange perspective considers intergenerational relationship as an exchange of aids and rewards between generations. However due to strong norm of filial duty and inadequate welfare system, supporting old parents is regarded as younger generation's duty in Korea This study utilizes a survey data conducted by Kim et al.(2000). Major findings can be summarized as follows. First, the middle aged who gives one-sided supports to their parents tends to have the traditional attitude on old parents' security. It implies that intergenerational support relationship in Korea is not consistent with the explanations from the social exchange perspective. This study suggests a 'chained reward system'as an altermative explaining the intergenerational relationship. Second, an absolute majority of the middle aged tend to think that they are responsible for their own old-age security regardless of the pattern of intergenerational support relationship and attitudes on old parents' security. It implies that the middle aged in Korea holds the status of 'marginal men' who supports their parents but can't take the similar supports from their children.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.193-202
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• 1999

A promising telecommunication system so called IMT-2000 is forecasted to cover almost 50 percent of telecommunication services, which will be provided in the beginning of the year 2000. The system offers high quality service such as data, image, and video as well as voice. UPT, which offers the personal mobility, is recognized as an important service because we can bind a variety of wire or wireless networks as single number. This paper discusses the design of IMT-2000 MSC based on AIN and UPT service in the MSC. First, we propose the system structure of the IMP-2000 MSC, as a platform of UPT service implementation. Based on this, we define main functions and its blocks of the IMP-2000 MSC. Third, we present the structure of SSF and Its operational mechanism to support the IN services such as UPT. Finally, we present the detail UPT service implementation for the IMP-2000 MSC through the design of UPT call flows between software blocks, which are the minimum units, within the IMPt-2000 MSC.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.83-102
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• 2017

Expending on a life course perspective, this study explores the long-term and short-term reciprocity in parent-child relationships in Korean context. Since the reasons for providing filial support are believed to differ by gender, we focused on how a child's gender affects both types of reciprocity. Data were collected from middle-aged sons (N=726) and daughters (N=883) with at least one surviving parent. Logistic regression was then conducted in order to examine the relations between the support a child currently provides to parents and the current or previous support received from the parents. Dependent variables are financial and instrumental support that middle-aged child currently provide to the parents. The financial and instrumental support a child received from the parents within a year are included in the model as an independent variable to assess short-term reciprocity. The level of financial support a child has received during the transition to adulthood process is included in the model as a independent variable to explore long-term reciprocity. Result supports the existence of gender differences in the long-term reciprocity. Daughters provided instrumental support in response to the financial support that they had received from parents during the transition to adulthood process. However, for sons, this tendency was not found. When it comes to financial support, long-term reciprocity was observed neither for the sons nor for the daughters. Both sons and daughters are prone to provide financial support to the aged parents regardless of the level of financial support they had received during the transition to adulthood process. Short-term reciprocity was found both in sons and daughters. when they have been receiving a financial or an instrumental support from the aged parents within a year, they tend to provided instrumental support to the parents. This study shows that the aged parents still fulfill the reciprocal relationship to a certain degree. Secondly, we can conclude that the norm of reciprocity interplays with the norm of filial responsibility in contemporary Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.57-69
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• 2003

This study focused on individual differences in social support among older adults. The purposes of this study were to investigate sex and age group differences in social support and to examine the effects of intergenerational social support on life satisfaction among the rural elderly. Data were from 545 elderly over 60 years of age living separately from adult children in the rural area. With regard to sex differences in support exchanges, no significant differences were found in support-giving and support-receiving. Men reported giving more financial support to children than women, while women reported receiving more financial support from children than men. With regard to age group differences in support exchanges, there was less support-giving in older age group. Older parents in their 60s reported giving more financial, instrumental, and emotional support and receiving less financial support than the group of age 70＋ Regression analyses showed that life satisfaction of both men and women was affected by support size and the frequency of contact with children. Giving financial and instrumental support was significantly associated with life satisfaction of men, but giving and receiving each type of social support had no effects on life satisfaction of women. Life satisfaction of parents in their 60s was found to be positively associated with support size, giving financial support and receiving emotional support, and negatively associated with giving instrumental support. In the group of age 70＋, the frequency of contact with adult children and giving financial support had positive influences on life satisfaction.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.277-286
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of intergenerational social support exchange (providing social support, receiving social support) and self-efficacy on the level of depression among elderly women. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. The participants were 247 elderly women, over 60, living in Seoul. Data were collected by convenience sampling using self-reported questionnaires that consisted of items on general characteristics, depression, intergenerational social support exchange and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression. Results: Self-efficacy had the greatest impact on the level of depression among elderly women, followed by perceived health status and providing social support toward adult children. The model explained 39% of the variance. Conclusion: Results of the study suggest that as a way to prevent depression, the health administration needs to develop programs to enhance self-efficacy and to promote the supportive role of elderly women within the family.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.298-300
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• 2001

최근 들어 기업이나 관공서, 기관 등에서 상호간에 정보를 서로 교환하거나 사용자에게 게시할 때, 대부분 웹을 통해 브라우저에서 볼 수 있도록 HTML(HyperText Markup Language)형태로 제작하게 된다. 그러나 HTML로 제작된 웹 페이지는 구조적인 정보나 다양한 정보를 표시할 수 없다는 문제점이 있으며, 빠르게 변하는 정보인 경우 상세한 정보 표현 면에서 취약하다는 단점이 있다. XML(eXtensible Markup Language)은 이러한 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 마크업(markup) 언어로써 차세대 데이터 교환의 표준으로 채택하고 있다. 한편, XML이 HTML보다 더 나은 구조와 기능을 제공하고 있으나 XML 자체만으로는 XML이 가지는 여러 가지 장점들을 충분히 활용하기 어렵기 때문에 스크립트 언어의 사용이나 애플리케이션의 제작이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 정보의 교환과 공유를 위해 XForm과 XML Query를 사용하여 정보를 데이터베이스에 저장하고 XML 형태로 추출, 교환할 수 있으며, 서버(server)와 클라이언트(client) 사이에서의 정보 교류뿐만 아니라 유사한 컨텐츠를 제공하는 여러 서버들간의 정보 공유를 지원하는 정보 처리 시스템을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.766-768
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• 2001

정보통신 기술의 비약적인 발전으로 인해 인터넷은 현재 필수 불가결한 생활의 도구가 되고 있으며, 개인 및 기업에서의 인터넷 활용이 급증함에 따라 인터넷 그 자체를 사업수단으로 이용하는 추세가 가속화 되고 있다. 또한, 최근 차세대 웹 표준문서 포맷으로 부상되고 있는 XML(eXtensible Markup Language)을 사용한 B2B 전자상거래 표준인 ebXML(e-business eXtensible Markup Language), Microsoft의 Biztalk Framework CommerceNet와 eCo Framework XML/EDI 등의 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 기업 간 문서교환을 위한 XML 전자상거래 시스템을 구현하고, 전체 시스템 내에서 보안상의 요구를 충족하기 위하여 W3C(World Wide Web Consortium)외 XML 전자서명(Xml-Dsig : Disital Signature) 표준에 입각한 기업 간 문서 교환시의 인증 및 보안을 위한 시tm템을 설계하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.1533-1536
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• 2003

XML이 기업간 데이터 교환뿐만 아니라 차세대 기업 정보시스템의 핵심기술로 떠오르면서 XML 데이터를 원형 그대로 저장하는 데이터베이스 관리시스템이 차세대 DBMS (DataBases Management System) 플랫폼으로 부상하고 있다. DBMS 업계는 XML이 현재 전자상거래 등 기업간 정보유통에 주로 적용되고 있으나 웹서비스가 본격 구현되면 기업간시스템도 XML 기반으로 점차 전환될 것으로 보고 XML 데이터의 효율적인 저장 관리하는 데이터베이스 개발에 경쟁적으로 나서고 있다. 현재 주류를 이루는 관계형 데이터베이스는 XML 데이터를 지원하기 위해 다른 포맷의 데이터를 XML로 변환하거나 반대의 작업을 하는 툴을 이용하고 있으나, DBMS 처리속도가 떨어지는 등의 문제가 있어 XML 데이터를 원형 그대로 저장하거나 불러올 수 있는 DBMS 수요가 늘어날 것으로 전망된다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 XML 데이터를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 3단계를 통한 데이터베이스 스키마와 XML Schema로의 변환을 위한 통합 설계 방법론을 제안한다.