• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.16-23
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• 2022

This study examined the trend of international competitiveness over the past 10 years (2011-2020), focusing on comparative analysis with China and the United States, targeting seven major export items of Korean construction machinery based on 6 units of HS code. To this end, the export similarity index and trade competitiveness index were calculated and analyzed using UN Comtrade and Korea International Trade Association trade statistics. As a result of the analysis, competition between Korea and China has intensified over the past decade, and competition with the United States has remained at a certain level. Korean forklifts (8427.20) are exporting to the world with strong competitiveness in the global market. Excavators (8429.52) and loaders (8429.51), which have the largest export share of Korean construction machinery, have a weight advantage, but they are exporting due to price inferiority. The rest of the items were found to be inferior in price and weight, and were not competitive in the global market. These analysis results suggest the following implications. First, it is necessary to strengthen efforts to expand exports of universal construction machinery items, which are expected to increase in demand in the future, by boosting the economy and expanding infrastructure investment in accordance with eco-friendly policies. Second, excavators, which have been shown to have a quality advantage and a price competitive advantage, need to further strengthen export marketing activities not only in China and the United States but also in emerging developing countries.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study is to suggest strategies for environmental education through the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject in a viewpoint of the clothing & textiles resources to resolve problems in the clothing life area. For this, this study was carried out through review of literature which is related with the consumption, the environmental problems, the environmental policies, and regulations of the government and new environmental technologies, of clothing & textiles industries and environmental education. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1) The environmental education system model in a viewpoint of the Clothing & Textiles resources was developed. This model system is consisted with interactions on school, government, industry, home and non-government organizations. Thus, the fact that Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject were the most effective subject to teaching the environmental education viewpoint of the Clothing & Textiles resources was confirmed. 2) The standards were analysed out to analyse the contents in the clothing area of the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject. It were consist of 4 factors and 12 elements under the factors: Awareness of clothing & textile resources(clothing consumption, production of clothing & textile and environmental problems). Planning and buying of clothing(planning, buying), Management of clothing(understand of textile. human body & environment, laundering and Environmental pollution, arrangement & conservation) Recycling & exhaust of clothing(contribution, redesign, recycling, exhaust) 3) Analysing the current Practical Arts (TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject from the Environmental education in the clothing section, the environmental education related with clothing were taught the most in the middle school course, and environmental contents were concentrated in the recycling factors. but not so much on other factors. 4) After analysing the Practical Arts (TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject, the strategies were suggested for reinforcing the environmental education in the clothing of the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.272-287
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• 2019

The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) was established in 1953 by the Korean War Armistice Agreement. It extends from the estuary of the Imjin River, in the west, to the coast of the East Sea. It is 4 km in width and 148 km in length. However, the ecosystems of the civilian control zone (CCZ) located between the southern border of the DMZ and the civilian control line (CCL) and the CCZ in the estuary of the Han River and the Yellow Sea are similar to those in the DMZ, and, therefore, the ecosystems of the DMZ and the CCZ are collectively known as the "ecosystems of the DMZ and its vicinities." The flora in the DMZ and its vicinities is composed of 1,864 species, which accounts for about 42% of all the vascular plant species on the Korean Peninsula and its affiliated islands. Conducting a detailed survey on the vegetation, flora, and fauna in the DMZ is almost impossible due to the presence of landmines and limitations on the time allowed to be spent in the DMZ. However, to assess the environmental impact of the Munsan-Gaesong railroad reconstruction project, it was possible to undertake a limited vegetation survey within the DMZ in 2001. The vegetation in Jangdan-myeon, in Paju City within the DMZ, was very simple. It was mostly secondary forests dominated by oaks such as Quercus mongolica, Q. acutissima, and Q. variabilis. The other half of the DMZ in Jangdan-myeon was occupied by grassland composed of tall grasses such as Miscanthus sinensis, M. sacchariflorus, and Phragmites japonica. Contrary to the expectation that the DMZ may be covered with pristine mature forests due to more than 60 years of no human interference, the vegetation in the DMZ was composed of simple secondary forests and grasslands formed on former rice paddies and agricultural fields. At present, the only legal protection system planned for the DMZ is the Natural Environment Conservation Act, which ensures that the DMZ would be managed as a nature reserve for only two years following Korean reunification. Therefore, firstly, the DMZ should be designated as a site of domestic legally protected areas such as nature reserve (natural monument), scenic site, national park, etc. In addition, we need to try to designate the DMZ as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve or as a World Heritage site, or as a Ramsar international wetland for international cooperation. For nomination as a world heritage site, we can emphasize the ecological and landscape value of the wetlands converted from the former rice paddies and the secondary forests maintained by frequent fires initiated by military activities. If the two Koreas unexpectedly reunite without any measures in place for the protection of nature in the DMZ, the conditions prior to the Korean War, such as rice paddies and villages, will return. In order to maintain the current condition of the ecosystems in the DMZ, we have to discuss and prepare for measures including the retention of mines and barbed-wire fences, the construction of roads and railroads in the form of tunnels or bridges, and the maintenance of the current fire regime in the DMZ.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2014

This study was carried out to analysis the vegetation status, the habitat size and the meaning of new natural habitat, and to provide basic data for conservation or management on the newly augmented natural habitat of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai in Yeoju-si, Gyunggi-do, Korea. A. distichum is a Korean monotypic endemic species. Most natural habitats of A. distichum have been reported in South-Central area around Chungcheong-do. The extent of occurrence of A. distichum can be enlarged to Central area due to the Yeoju-si habitat. The new habitat is located on a hillock which is composed of rock field at $37^{\circ}20{\sim}21^{\prime}N$, $137^{\circ}43{\sim}21^{\prime}E$, and 99~120m a.s.l.. The habitat size is small as about $530m^2$, and a small stream runs aside. The number of individuals of A. distichum was about 1,200. But most individuals were smaller than 0.5m height, so just about 300 individuals are taller than 1.0m height. A. distichum on Yeoju-si seemed to be maintained and distributed by vegetative propagation from elongated roots of branches. Pinus rigida and Quercus aliena dominated tree layer, and Lindera obtusiloba, Q. aliena and Acer tatricum appeared frequently in subtree layer. The shrub layer was dominated by A. distichum with Stephanandra incisa, Euonymus alatus for. ciliatodentatus, Ligustrum obtusifolium, etc. The coverage of herbaceous layer was low.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2020

Powdery mildew is a common and serious disease of the Cucurbitaceae including cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in most areas of the world. To identify causal agents of the powdery mildew and their physiological race(s), we collected cucumber leaves displaying typical symptoms of powdery mildew from different locations in Korea. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, all powdery mildew isolates were identified as an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen, Podosphaera xanthii. After inoculation at melon (Cucumis melo) differentials to identify the fungal race(s), P. xanthii isolate MI180427 and IC190611 were identified as race 1 which has been repeatedly reported as dominant race in Korea. However, another isolate SE180328 produced different disease response in the tested differentials, being identified as race 2 which has not been reported in Korea. To confirm the race of SE180328, we inoculated additional melon differentials and determined the isolate as race 2F that is the prevalent race of powdery mildew in Beijing, China. Report of this new race 2F in Korea will be helpful for future breeding programs to develop resistant varieties to this race.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 1982

This study has been carried out for the publication of colored illustrations of Korean fungi. The fresh fungi of Ascomycetes were collected and photographed, for the most part, at Gwangneung, Kyonggi Province, Mt. Yongmun in Kyonggi Province, Mt. Sokri in Chungcheong Province, Mt. Jiyee in Kyeongsang Province, Mt. Mudeug in Jeonra Province, and Mt. Hanra in Jeuju Island from July 1, 1981 to June 31, 1982. These higher fungi were made into colored slides and dried specimens, then classified. According to the investigated result, colored slides and classification for the common and new to Korea 101 species were completed among 620 spp. which were known all of the fungi in Korea. They were included 10 oders, 19 families, 51 genera and 101 species. Their world distributions were investigated. Twenty six species of them, that is, Peziza vesiculosa, Rhizina inflata, Gelasinospora longispora, Sordaria fimicola, Cantharcmyces exiguus, Dichomyces biformis, D. furcifer, D. homalotae, D. hybridus, D. vulgatus, Dioicomyces anthici, Enathromyces indicus, Laboulbenia borealis, L. brachconychi, L. cristata, L. exigua, L. fusciculata, L. filifera, L. flagellata, L. rougetii, L. tachys, L. vulgaris, L. yoshidai, Rickia ancylopi, R. papuana and R. peyerimhoffii were found to be new in Korea. In addition their common names and descriptions prepared. According to study plan, this paper pressed only one page in colored plate among 101 species.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-91
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• 1981

This study has been carried out for the publication of colored illustrations of Korean fungi. The fresh higher fungi were collected and photographed, for the most part, at Gwangneung, Kyonggi Province, Mt. Yongmun in Kyonggi Province, Mt. Sokri in Chungcheong Province, Mt. Jiyee in Kyeongsang Province, Mt. Mudeug in Jeonra Province, and Mt. Hanra in Jeuju Island from September 1, 1980 to August 31, 1981. These higher fungi were made colored slides and dried specimens, then classified. According to the investigated result, colored slides and classification for the common 151 species were completed among 620 spp. which were known all of the fungi in Korea. They were included 2 classes, 37 families, 89 genera, 149 species, 1 variety and 1 forma. Their world distributions were investigated. Fifteen species of them, that is, Aleuria aurantia (Fr.) Fuckel, Patella scutellata (St. Amans) Lambotte, Calocora viscosa Fr., Hygrocybe turunda (Fr.) Karst, Suillus pictus (Peck) Smith et Thiers, Marasmius purpureostriatus Hongo, Pleurocybella porrigens (Fr.) Sing., Lepiota bresadoiae Schulzer, Russula aurata Fr., Lactarius hygrophoroides Berk. et Br., Thelephora multipartita Fr., Inonotus mikadoi (Lloyd) Imaz, Antrodia mollis (Sommerf.) Karst, Ganoderma neo-japonicum Imaz. and Tyromyces lacteus (Fr.) Murr. were found to be new in Korea. In addition their common names and descriptons were prepared. According to study plan, this paper pressed only one page in colored plate among 151 species.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2005

The amounts and nutrient compositions in precipitation, throughfall, stemflow and soil solution of natural deciduous forests (Quercus variabilis and Q. mongolica) were examined in Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province. The proportion to gross precipitation was $85\%$ for throughfall, $2-6\%$ for stem flow, $53-54\%$ for Ao horizon soil solution, $23-30\%$ for A horizon soil solution, and $11-14\%$$ for B horizon soil solution, respectively. pH and K concentration increased in throughfall and only K concentration increased in stemflow. Canopy leaching appeared to influence these changes. pH, and Ca and Mg concentrations increased significantly in the Ao horizon soil solution, and Ca concentration was higher in the B horizon than in the A horizon. However, there were no significant differences in pH and other nutrient concentrations between A and B horizons. Litter decomposition and leaching from Ao horizon might explain the changes. K, Mg and Cl concentrations in throughfall and soil solution decreased with precipitation. Nutrient contents increased in the transports from precipitation, through throughfall, to Ao horizon soil solution, while they decreased in the transport from A to B horizon soil solution. Stemflow contained less than $10\%$ of total (throughfall plus stemflow) nutrient contents.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.535-547
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• 2014

This study analyzed the characteristics of National Science Curricula in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Singapore, and Korea with respect to core competencies. In the case of overseas countries, literature review on their curricula was conducted, and four common features were extracted: 'association of cross-curricular competencies with science-specific competencies', 'a combination of science contents and scientific practices', 'an emphasis on communication skills', and 'representation of an achievement level of competency'. In addition, the common core competencies of science education were 'critical thinking', 'creative thinking', 'problem solving', 'inquiry skills', 'communication skills', 'cultural literacy', 'ability to integrate discipline', 'application skills', and 'personal/social competency'. In relation to these features, this study also investigated Korean science teachers' perceptions of core competencies in science education. A survey was conducted on 135 teachers in elementary, middle, and high school in Korea. Teachers were not well aware of what core competencies are, and after introduction, they thought that they wanted to and needed to teach core competencies to their students. Teachers claimed that critical core competencies in science education are 'creative thinking', 'problem solving', and 'inquiry skills'. Teachers thought that core competencies-based science class would help develop students' scientific literacy and communication skills. However, they have difficulties in conducting core competencies-based science class because they are not familiar with how to conduct the class and they expect that it will take a long time to prepare such a class.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.127-150
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• 2020

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the third pandemic in history after the Hong Kong flu and swine flu. The outbreak of Corona 19 dramatically reduced exchanges between countries, while rapid contagion created a time gap in economic fluctuations by country. In January 2020, the trade dispute between the US and China entered into a consensus phase, but the economic decoupling phenomenon caused by Corona 19 made it difficult for China to balance trade with the US and made it difficult to comply with the terms of the trade dispute agreement between the US and China. President Trump attributed the responsibility for the spread of Corona 19 to China, and pointed out that the cause of the economic downturn was the infringement of Chinese trade secrets and illegal copies, and protectionism arose. As a result, China protested fiercely, and the conflict with the United States deepened. The US has declared trade sanctions on Huawei and SMIC, which are key companies in China's semiconductor industry, and is predicting the risk of a disconnection of the semiconductor value chain between the US and China. The separation of the value chain of the semiconductor industry has the potential to have a big impact on the semiconductor industry, a structure that is highly specialized and monopolized by certain countries and companies in the value chain. This paper aims to deal with the risk of disconnection in the semiconductor value chain between the US and China reignited by Corona 19, the impact and change of the global semiconductor industry value chain, and the response strategies of Korean semiconductor companies.