• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2002

Background: Diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that presents as coughing, copious sputum, exertional dyspnea, which progresses to bronchiectasis. The pathogenesis of bronchiectasis is controlled by inflammatory mediators, which are closely related to mucus hypersecretion, goblet cell dysplasia. In recent studies, the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) system was reported to be associated with this process. It was hypothesized that a relationship exists between goblet cell dysplasia, EGFR expression, and inflammatory mediators produced by neutrophil. Method: Alcian blue/periodic acid -Schiff(AB/PAS) stain, MUC5AC, EGFR, CD16 immunohistochemical stain were examined to investigate a role for the EGFR system in a mucus hypersecretion in DPB using the lung biopsy specimens from 13 DPB patients and 6 controls. Results : In the DPB group, the AB/PAS and MUC5AC -stained areas were $8.31{\pm}3.36%$, $11.46{\pm}4.68%$, respectively. In the control group, the AB/PAS- and MUC5AC-stained areas were $50.5{\pm}5.77%$, $53.3%{\pm}6.67%$, which was significantly larger than in the DPB group (each comparison, p<0.05). The percentage of EGFR expression was $9.54{\pm}4.95%$ in the DPB group, but zero in of the control group. The extent of neutrophilic infiltration was $71.92{\pm}3.71$/5HPF in the DPB group and $45.0{\pm}5.73$/5HPF in the control group, which was statistically significant(p=0.002). Conclusion: The EGFR system is highly related to goblet cell dysplasia, mucus hypersecretion and neutrophilic inflammation in DPB.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.186-192
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine how Korean dance affects middle-aged women by acting as a cultural mediator. A qualitative approach was taken in order to best achieve the purpose of this study. The data used in this study were collected from Feb 10th to April 1st, 2016, using in-depth interviews. The results are as follows; firstly, on an emotional level, the middle-aged women participating in Korean dance as a cultural mediator, feel a sense of self-achievement and social belonging, as well as experiencing an improvement in their psychological stability by resolving their depression. Those who had lost their sense of autonomy and productivity were able to recover some of their self-esteem through this activity. Secondly, in terms of their activity, the Korean dance enabled the ladies to exercise their poorly used muscles by strengthening their gross and fine motor skills through the movements associated with the Korean traditional music. This allowed them to ease their chronic physical pain and it can be considered that their overall exercise function was increased by expanding their exercise radius. Third, in the cognitive area, it was possible for them to revive their happy memories by listening to the music which was loved by their preceding generations. This is because the melody of familiar Korean music provides them with the chance to remember their former days. Lastly, in the social area, the Korean dance allowed the middle-aged women to accept themselves through music and movement, as well as playing the role of a mediator which enabled them to overcome their isolation and the conflicts they face in their social relations. In addition, they achieved self-realization by reconnecting with the regional community through the Korean dance performances, which they learned as social community members.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.619-641
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• 2014

Animation is an important tool to establish the identity of mutually related countries, as cultural contents with the economic value. That is, it is necessary that the Korean animation should extend the previous boundary of exchange, for the status of representative cultural industry in the 21st century global market. Especially, to overcome the regionally prejudiced and unbalanced cultural exchange, the possibility of extension with Czech animation, which has not had an active exchange with Korea, will be considered and the efficient method will be proposed. The Czech Republic is geopolitically located in the center of Europe and its infrastructure like industrial construction, investment environment, human resources is outstanding among Visegrad Group. The Czech Republic has a remarkable cultural border-crossing phenomenon, and as a complex country of cultural and religious characteristics of eastern and western European, it is a powerful nation leading Central Europe. Therefore, the animation exchange of Czech and Korea is valuable in culture and economy of both nations. Through such an animation exchange of both nations, not only Korean animation secures the diversity of exchange but also insignificant cultural exchange after formal establishment of diplomatic relations in 1990, will be revitalized and international firm relationship of both nations will be established. Therefore, as an activation plan or cultural exchange of Korea and the Czech Republic, concrete plan like Stop Motion Animation Workshop is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.157-196
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• 2018

This study analyzes non-standard workers' attitudes and behaviors towards standard workers' strikes using the case of a joint strike held by journalists at KBS and MBC in 2012. Tracing the process since 2008 by which a conservative government has tried to control the press and regular journalists have collectively resisted against it, we put our analytical focus on two major groups of freelance broadcast professionals: independent producers and writers in current affairs. Specifically, we examine 1) how they perceived and responded to a series of regular journalists' struggle to protect journalistic value, 2) how such perception of and response to regular journalists could be developed, and 3) how (de)solidarity could form and then deepened between freelance and regular journalists in the 2012 Media Strike. Our findings show that the ways in which regular journalists had controlled freelance journalists at work affected the relationship between class-based and occupation-based rationality freelance journalists held in their minds. Independent producers, who had developed a strong class-based rationality in response to the coercive input-output control, showed cynicism about regular journalists' strike pointing out their hypocrisy and contradiction. In contrast, freelance writers accommodated and joined the strike by regular workers in the spirit of solidarity based on occupational rationality which had developed from normative, process control. Our paper ends with theoretical and practical implications.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.302-312
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• 2018

Bioactive peptides generated from milk proteins play an important role in the prevention and alleviation of diabetes. Whey proteins possess direct insulinotropic effect by amino acids (especially branch chain amino acids) produced through its gastrointestinal digestion. Additionally, blood glucose level can be lowered by gut hormone which called incretin [glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)]. However, physiological effects of incretin readily disappeared by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) causing degradation of GLP-1. Several DPP-4 inhibitors are currently used as therapeutic medicines for the treatment of type II diabetes. More than 60 natural peptide (2-14 amino acids) DPP-4 inhibitors were identified in milk proteins. Peptide DPP-4 inhibitors act as substrate inhibitor and delay breakdown of GLP-1 both in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes nutritional quality of milk proteins, absorption and mode of action of bioactive peptides, and finally up-to-dated knowledge on DPP-4 inhibitory peptides derived from milk proteins.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.437-444
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• 2022

In this study, the current status of the school sports meeting, school union sports meeting, and social organization sports meeting in the late modern period of Korea was described. Among them, the most held school sports meeting was the birthplace of the beginning and development of modern sports in Korea. And it played a decisive role in promoting physical education in the modern sense to society. The school union sports meeting was initially held for government and imperial purposes, but since 1905, the scale and number of private schools across the country have increased as many private schools have attended sports meetings. It can be seen that these school sports meetings and school union sports meetings had very clear patriotic, ethnic, and enlightening characteristics. Finally, looking at the representative social organization sports meetings in records such as newspapers at the time, it can be seen that their personalities were very diverse. In addition, sports meeting of local women's association, sports meeting of Gyeongseong water supply merchants, and current alumni sports meeting were held. These social organization sports meetings and school union sports meetings played an important role in the development of modern sports and social sports in Korea. More importantly, these sports events developed more and more, which led to the development of various sports competitions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2023

Despite several advances in identification of cardiac transcription factors, there are still needs to find new bioactive molecules that promote cardiomyogenesis from stem cells to highly efficient myocardial differentiation. We analyzed Illumina expression microarray data of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs)-derived cardiomyocytes. 276 genes were upregulated (≥ 4fold) in mESCs-derived cardiomyocytes compared undifferentiated ESCs. Secreted phosphoprotein 2 (Spp2) is one of candidates and is known to inhibit bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) signal transduction as a pseudoreceptor for BMP2. However, its function in cardiomyogenesis is unknown. We confirmed that Spp2 expression increased during the differentiation into functional cardiomyocytes using mESCs, TC-1/Kh2 and E14. Interestingly, Spp2 secretion transiently increased 3 days after formation of embryoid bodies (EBs), indicating that the extracellular secretion of Spp2 is involved in the differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes. To characterize Spp2, we performed experiments using the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line, which has the property of shifting the differentiation pathway from myoblastic to osteoblastic by treatment with BMP2. Similar to the differentiation of ESCs, transcription of Spp2 increased as C2C12 myoblasts differentiated into myotubes. In particular, Spp2 secretion increased dramatically in the early stage of differentiation. Furthermore, treatment with Spp2-Flag recombinant protein promoted the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes. Taken together, we suggest a novel bioactive protein Spp2 that differentiates ESCs into cardiomyocytes. This may be useful for understanding the molecular pathways of cardiomyogenesis and for experimental or clinical promotion of stem cell therapy for ischemic heart diseases.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.32
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• pp.201-236
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• 2019

Heroes are the subjects who discover hope and provide people with courage and wisdom. At the same time, heroes have been known to renovate individuals and even societies on various dimensions throughout history. In recent times, a new academic field called 'heroism science' has emerged, leading to an era which focuses on their positive social functions and roles as reflected by war heroes from ancient times to ordinary civic heroes. However, attention is rarely paid to the ways in which their heroic acts have sometimes resulted in ethical problems such as the exertion of negative influences or the degradation of morality. Specifically speaking, people affected by the acts of heroes include not only beneficiaries but also specific subjects who could be considered victims. In a broad sense, the results caused by heroic acts could have an influence on harmony and unity in societies, the hero's nation, or even the entirety of the universe, and this is often overlooked. Given these realities, this study aims to understand how heroic acts simultaneously imply a positive side wherein cosmic restoration or reform are practiced and a negative side which carries out the destruction of life or the birth new disorders. In other words, the limitations of heroism is also worth consideration. To conduct this study, research on heroes will be comprehensively studied from various academic perspectives through previous documents on this subject. Western concepts that relate to heroes and heroic acts will be also illustrated. Reflections on Jeungsanist Thought, Korean heroes, and the limitation of heroes in the Former World will also be elucidated. Lastly, this study will discuss an authentic heroic figure that can be held up as an exemplary role model.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

The Ten Ox Herding Pictures by Kuo-an, a Zen Master of China in the Middle Ages are interpreted from the view point of the analytical psychology of C.G. Jung. Basically, I agree with the previous Jungian comments on it by M. J..Spiegelman, M.Miyuki, and H.Kawai at the Ox Herding Pictures are symbolic manifestations of the individuation process in terms of C.G.Jung. In connection with the process of Jungian analysis, I went through, not only the pictures but also the eulogies and critical comments of Zen masters in order to elucidate the symbolical meanings of each stage of spiritual development in Zen meditation. I noticed that the Ox Herding Pictures suggest the preference of suppression and conscious control of shadow in Jung's terms rather than its assimilation through making conscious the unconscious inferior personality. Also, the feminine psyche seems to be not particularly taken into consideration. In another words, different psychic aspects are represented in one single image : Ox. Due to the simplicity of pictorial expressions, the Ox Herding Pictures provide us possibilities to pour abundant imaginations into the pictures. The images comprise multiple irrational meanings; therefore it is warranted to render multiple interpretations of the Pictures as shown in the eulogies and comments by other Zen masters. The sequences of the Pictures need not coincide with a linear process but rather with a circular process of enlightenment, as Miyuki has suggested. Kuo-an's Pictures clearly suggest the danger of ego inflation and the fact that the final goal of Zen meditation should be the capability of the enlightened to serve the people.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2000

Purpose : The aim of this study is to look for the possible efficacy of postoperative external irradiation for incompletely resected meningiomas. Methods and Materials : From August 198: to January 1997, forty-four patients with intracranial meningioma were treated by postoperative external irradiation. Of the 44 meningiomas, 18 transitional, 13 meningotheliomatous, 6 hemangiopericytic, 4 atypical, 2 fibroblastic and 1 malignant meningioma were identified. We classified all patients into two groups by the histology. The benign group was consisted of the meningotheliomatous, transitional and fibroblastic types. The malignant group was consisted of the atypical, hemangiopericytic and malignat types. In the means of surgery, 37 patients were resected incompletely and 7 patients were managed by biopsy only. After surgery, all patients were received postoperative external irradiation. Radiotherapy was deliverd using Co-60 or 4 MV photon beam to a total dose of 50 to 65 Gy (mean dose 57.4 Gy) with a 1.8 to 2 Gy per fraction. The median follow-up was 48 months (range : 21 $\~$ 101 months). Multivariate analysis of the Influence by age, sex, location, histology and radiation dose on local control has been done using Cox's proportional hazard model. Results : 5-year local control rate was 93.8$\%$ for the benign histology and 51.8$\%$ for the malignant histology (p=0.0110) and overall local control rate at 5 years was 87.4$\%$. The analysis of the prognostic factors, such as age, sex, location, and radiation dose were not significant except for the histology. Conclusion : Adjuvant postoperative external irradiation appears to be significantly improved local control in the patients with incompletely resected meningiomas.