• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.10-25
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• 1999

Children above age of two are able to have sexual excitement, and they actively seek the pleasure actively or passively through touch and masturbation. In late $60_s$ and early $70_s$, Masters, obstetrician, and Johnson, social worker, illustrated four phases of human sexual responses, namely excitement, plateau, orgasmic and resolution phases in both sexes, and multiple orgasms in the female. Their treatment principles of sexual dysfunctions were largely based on behavioral model, introducing the concepts of sensate focus, dual therapy and sex education. Following Masters and Johnson, Kaplan, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, in the early and mid-$70_s$ introduced new sex therapy which was based on the combination of analytically-oriented psychotherapy and behavior therapy, and classified sexual dysfunctions into three categories such as desire excitement and orgasmic phase disorders. Since $1980_s$ other medical fields joined the stream, putting the concentrated effort on the treatment of the impotence in the male. They have developed penile prosthesis, local injection therapy, and the administration of oral medications. Nowadays Sildenafil(Viagra) seems the best choice for the treatment of the impotence in the male.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sexual dysfunction of diabetic women in order to provide basic data contributed in nursing intervention. Method: A convenience sample consisted of 67 subjects with diabetes who attended outpatient department of 2 university hospitals. After verbal consent was obtained, subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire including BISF-W developed by Taylor et al. Data were collected from April 27 to May 22, 2006, and were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, oneway ANOVA using SPSS 12.0 program. Results: This study discovered that the degree of sexual dysfunction of women with diabetes was high, and in particular that most of the women with diabetes did not have satisfactory sex life because of lack of vaginal lubrication, lower sexual desire, lower orgasm, and sexual pain. The test of differences in sexual dysfunction according to demographic and disease-related characteristics revealed that significant differences existed only with regard to menopause and age. Conclusion: As the sexual function of women varies widely among individuals, we would like to emphasize the importance of sexual counseling and education programs to improve the quality of life of diabetic women to prevent or relieve their sexual dysfunction.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.252-259
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• 2006

Sexual dysfunction is a relatively common adverse effect in the use of antidepressants. The sexual side effects may result in a lack of compliance with the prescribed antidepressants. The author reviewed the prevalence and updated treatment for the antidepressant-induced adverse effects focusing on sexual dysfunction. The incidence of sexual dysfunction is reported to exceed more than 50% especially with SSRIs. In order to obtain a quantified baseline and as an ongoing evaluation tool, clinicians may use some of the established questionnaires and validated instruments such as the Arizona Sexual Experience scale and Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire. Clinicians should be aware that delayed ejaculation and orgasm, symptoms most frequently associated with antidepressants, are not usually associated with depression itself. Although many antidotes have been proposed, few have been subjected to double-blind trials. Some evidences have suggested that bupropion and buspiron may be the effective antidotes for SSRI induced sexual dysfunction. Additional trials will be requied to define what role, if any, bupropion and buspiron might have in the treatment of SSRI-induced sexual side effects. The available evidence is rather limited, with only small number of trials assessing each strategy. While further randomized data is awaited, for men with antidepressant induced erectile dysfunction, the addition of sidenafil or tadalafil may appear to be an effective strategy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2009

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of red ginseng on women's health-related quality of life (QOL) and sexual function. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical study was performed. The main efficacy was measured using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFl) and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Twenty-four healthy, married women aged 30-45 years with FSFl scores below 25 were randomly divided into two groups: the red-ginseng group (N=12) and the placebo group (N=12). During the first six-week period (Study 1), each group was given red ginseng or placebo twice a day. Before the start of the second six-week period (Study 2), a crossover design was chosen with a two-week break (washout period). Interchanging the two groups after the washout period, red ginseng and placebo were given to each group. The outcomes were measured before and after each six-week period. Overall, 23 participants completed the study. In Study 1, the changes relative to the baseline in the FSFl total score were 22.50% and 22.99% for red ginseng and placebo, respectively. In Study 2, the relative changes were 8.14% for red ginseng and 6.29% for placebo. The results showed a greater improving trend in Study 1 with respect to all of the participants' sexual functions, but no significant difference was found between the groups (P=0.9567). After taking red ginseng, all the participants exhibited an improving trend in the desire domain of FSFl, but no significant difference was shown. In the measurement of SF-36, no significant difference was likewise shown. After taking red ginseng, though, all the participants exhibited an improving trend in the physical functioning (PF) domain of SF-36, with no significant difference. Moreover, there was no significant adverse event related to red ginseng. The QOL and sexual function of the study participants in the red-ginseng group were mostly improved, but no statistically significant effect of red ginseng was shown. It is supposed that this result was partly due to the affirmative impression of red ginseng in Korea. Thus, it is anticipated that a long-term clinical trial will show a significant effect of red ginseng on the QOL and sexual function.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.41.2-42
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

Newer antidepressants are commonly used in clinical practice to treat psychiatric disorder and psychosomatic disorder including chronic pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, headache. However there are many unexpected adverse effects of these drugs such as nausea and vomiting, weight gain, sexual dysfunction. These are 3 most well-recognized common adverse effects of newer antidepressant and are most common causes of treatment failure. I reviewed mechanisms, epidemiology, and pharmacological management of these adverse effects of newer antidepressants. In this paper, newer antidepressants include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline, paroxetine), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor(venlafaxine, duloxetine), norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor(bupropion), noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant(mirtazapine), and reversible inhibitor of MAO-A(moclobemide). I suggest that psychiatrists and clinicians in the psychosomatic field should know mechanisms, epidemiology, and management of these common and well-recognized adverse effects of newer antidepressants. Therefore it will be helpful to recognize easily and treat well for patients with psychiatric disorder and psychosomatic disorder using newer antidepressants.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 2013

Purpose: Sexual function involves a complex interaction of emotions, body image, and intact physical responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the sexual functioning of women who are incontinent and to identify associated factors. Methods: For this descriptive correlation study, data were collected from 147 women with urinary incontinence. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Mean scores were 22.39 (sexual dysfunction ${\leq}26.55$) for sexual function, 13.38 (of 63) for depression, and 55.47 (range of score 17~85) for body image. Urinary symptoms and daily life symptoms averaged 36.04 (range of score 20~100) and 16.03 (range of score 8~40). Sexual function had a positive correlation with body image and negative correlation with daily life symptoms. Sexual satisfaction, daily life symptoms, marital satisfaction, and frequency of sexual intercourse were factors affecting sexual function. Conclusion: Study results indicate that urinary incontinence has a negative impact on various aspects of sexual function. Nurses should be aware of the wider consideration that needs to be made in relation to general and sexual quality of life when caring for clients suffering from urological diseases.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 2000

The author treated a case with combined male erectile disorder and hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Treatment consisted of concurrent psychotherapy, sex therapy, and self-hypnosis lasting 9 months. I suggest that psychotherapy is essential for the treatment of sexual desire disorder especially complicated with deep-seated psychological conflicts, in addition, it is necessary to apply various strategies flexibly in according to the patients' need. I have experienced that self-hypnosis is tremendously useful in the enhancing sexual fantasy and for the arousal of psychological pleasure as well as the maintenance of erection in the phase of sexual excitement.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to identify effects of a 12 weeks Tai Chi exercise and education intervention program on HbA1C, sexual function and IL-12 (Interleukin 12), IL-4 (Interleukin 4), TNF-${\alpha}$ (Tumor Necrosis Factor) for women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study had a nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design. The participants were 64 women with diabetes recruited from an outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The Tai Chi exercise and education intervention program was provided twice a week for 12 weeks for the 32 women in the experimental group. The 32 women in the control group were maintained on basic outpatient treatment. Outcome variables were HbA1C, sexual dysfunction scores, IL-4, IL-12 and TNF-${\alpha}$. Results: The experimental group showed significantly improved HbA1C (F=3.10, p=.004), and sexual function (F=3.78, p=.001) compared to the control group. Also for the experimental group TNF-${\alpha}$ (F=-2.69, p=.004) significantly increased compared to the control group. Conclusion: Results indicate that a Tai Chi exercise and education intervention program can be utilized effectively for women with type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.258-267
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of study was to compare depression, marital intimacy, sexual function and quality of life between a group of sexually active women and a group of women who were sexually inactive. All of the women were post-menopausal married women. Methods: Post-menopausal married women (n=395) of 40 to 59 years old participated in the study. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which included items on general characteristics, and tools on depression (CES-D), marital intimacy (MIQ), sexual function (FSFI), and quality of life. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, $X^2-test$, ANCOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: About 42% of the participants were identified as sexually inactive. Marital intimacy, sexual function, and quality of life in the sexually active group were significantly higher than the inactive group (F=17.12, p<.001; F=36.86, p<.001; F=16.78, p<.001). Depression scores in the sexually active group were significantly lower than in the inactive group (F=14.64, p<.001). Also, there was a significant relationship of depression, marital intimacy, and sexual function to quality of life in both groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that health professionals need to counsel and provide a psychosexual approach especially when caring for post-menopausal married women who are sexual inactive.