• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.105-108
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 초기 비트율 부호화(very low bit-rate coding)를 위한 새로운 움직임 예측 부호화를 제안한다. 움직임 추정 및 움직임 보상은 영역 기반으로 행해지며, 움직임 보상 후 예측 오차는 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)를 통해 변환되어 부호화 된다. 제안된 내용으로는 이전 영상을 이용하여 역방향(backward) 움직임 추정 후 얻어지는 움직임 벡터를 이용하여 움직임 보상된 영상을 구성하고, 여기에 보상되지 않은 영역은 순방향(forward) 움직임 추정을 선택적으로 행함으로써 영상을 재구성한다. 제안된 알고리듬은 모의 실험 결과 양질의 화질을 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.177-178
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• 2009

LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)가 발전하면서 많은 브라운관 TV가 LCD TV로 바뀌고 있다. 하지만 LCD의 특성으로 인해 동영상 재생시 느린 반응속도를 보이며 문제점들이 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 화면 재생율을 향상시키는 120Hz를 도입하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 120Hz 화면 재생율에 맞춰 기존의 60Hz 영상을 120Hz 영상으로 바꿀수 있는 화면보간기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 생성되는 프레임 전후의 프레임 블록을 이용해 블록매칭을 이용한 단방향 움직임 추정을 이용하여 지역 움직임 추정을 한다. 이후 지역 움직임 추정에서 찾지 못한 모션 벡터를 전후프레임 픽셀 평균과 영향이 큰 모션 벡터를 선택하여 적용시키는 적역 움직임 추정으로 프레임을 완성시키는 알고리즘이다. 제안하는 알고리즘을 이용하여 다양한 해상도의 영상비교를 시행하여 좋은 결과를 얻었다.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

This paper proposes the channel estimation method robust to severe frequency selective fading channels in O%M system using wide bandwidth for the high data rate transmission. DDCE, which uses data between the high correlated symbols, is usually used for channel estimation in the slow fading channels. DDCE can get high gains in the non-selective channels. As the bandwidth of system gets wider, it becomes more severe frequency selective fading environments so that the reliability of data becomes lower and error flow is occurred. FE method, this paper proposed, uses the relation between sub-carriers of OFDM in frequency selective fading channels so FE method gets some gains by adapting the power value at a target frequency to the mean value of channel estimated values of adjacent sub-carriers. Because FE uses only preamble unlike DDCE using data, it is independent of data rate related to the reliability of data and the number of multipath. Consequently, FE can obtain considerable gains in the wideband systems where the errorflow of DDCE is occurred, and FE is applicable to frequency selective fading environments.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2001

In this paper, an illuminant estimation algorithm of a chromatic digital images proposed. The proposed illumination estimation method has two phases. First, the surface spectral reflectances are recovered. In this case, the surface spectral reflectances recovered are limited to the maximum highlight region (MHR) which is the most achromatic and highly bright region of an image after applying intermediate color constancy process using a modified gray world algorithm. Next, the surface reflectances of the maximum highlight region are estimated using the principal component analysis method along with a set of given Munsell samples. Second, the spectral distribution of reflected lights of MHR is selected from the spectral database. That is a color difference is compared between the reflected lights of the MHR and the spectral database that is the set of reflected lights built by the given Munsell samples and a set of illuminants. Then the closest colors from the spectral database are selected. Finally, the illuminant of an image can be calculated dividing the average spectral distributions of reflected lights of MHR by the average surface reflectances of the MHR. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, experiments with artificial and real captured color-biased scenes were performed and numerical comparison examined. The proposed method was effective in estimating the spectral of the given illuminant sunder various illuminants.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.7C
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• pp.687-696
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• 2009

The motion compensated interpolation method is widely used to increase video frame rates. Especially, the bilateral motion estimation technique provides the improved results, since it doesn't make the overlapping and missing blocks in the interpolated frame. However, the motion vectors, which are obtained by the bilateral motion estimation, sometimes require further correction. In this paper, we propose the efficient motion vector.correction method for the bilateral motion estimation technique. By comparing the motion vectors of neighboring blocks and searching the new motion vector after merging the neighboring blocks, the erroneous motion vectors are efficiently corrected. It is shown that the proposed method provides better results, compared with the conventional methods.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.426-432
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• 2012

In this paper, we investigate the signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimation performance of Cross quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), which is being used for asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), very high bit rate digital subscriber line (VDSL), and digital video broadcasting - cable (DVB-C), and has been found to be useful in adaptive modulation and blind equalization. At first, the symbol error rate (SER) performance of Cross QAM is analyzed in Rayleigh fading channel. Then we suggest error vector magnitude (EVM) based SNR estimation utilizing the selected constellation points having different types of decision region from one another, and verify that SNR estimation performance of each points have different performance pattern through simulation. From the simulation results, it has been found that when suggested selected constellation points are used for SNR estimation in Cross QAM, estimation performance is enhanced in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel or Ricean fading channel.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.97-106
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• 2011

Mode choice model is an essential element for estimating- the demand of new means of transportation in the planning stage as well as in the establishment phase. In general, current demand analysis model developed for the mode choice analysis applies common parameters of utility function in each region which causes inaccuracy in forecasting mode choice behavior. Several critical problems from using common parameters are: a common parameter set can not reflect different distribution of coefficient for travel time and travel cost by different population. Consequently, the resulting model fails to accurately explain policy variables such as travel time and travel cost. In particular, the nonlinear logit model applied to aggregation data is vulnerable to the aggregation error. The purpose of this paper is to consider the regional characteristics by adopting the parameters fitted to each area, so as to reduce prediction errors and enhance accuracy of the resulting mode choice model. In order to estimate parameter of each area, this study used Household Travel Survey Data of Metropolitan Transportation Authority. For the verification of the model, the value of time by marginal rate of substitution is evaluated and statistical test for resulting coefficients is also carried out. In order to crosscheck the applicability and reliability of the model, changes in mode choice are analyzed when Seoul subway line 9 is newly opened and the results are compared with those from the existing model developed without considering the regional characteristics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.19-19
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• 1993

위성의 실제 궤도를 실시간하에서 추정(real-time estimation)하기 위해 지구 비대칭 중력장, 지구 대기의 저항력,그리고, 태양과 달의 위성체에 대한 섭동의 영향을 받는 지구 근방의 위성을 동력학적 모델로 선택하였다. 위성 관측소에서 얻게될 가상의 위성 궤도 자료들은 실제 관측에서 나타날 수 있는 관측 잡음(measurement noise)뿐 아니라 추적소 고도 등의 불확실한 요소들을 포함한다. 또한 수치 모델에서 고려치 못한 섭적 난수에 의해 만들었다. 확장 칼만 필터(Extended Kalman Filter)의 특성을 알아 보기 위해 일차원에서의 자유낙하체에 대한 거리와 속도 추정의 모의 실험을 비교하였고, 뱃치추정 알고리즘, 순차 추정 알고리즘의 모의 실험이 거리변화율의 자료를 이용하여 확장 칼만 필터와 비교하였다. 그 결과, 확장 칼만 필터 알고리즘은 빠른 수렴 속도를 갖는 특성을 가지며, 실시간하에서 완전하지 못한 수치 모델로 실제 궤도를 결정하고 궤도 요소를 추정하는데 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.587-595
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• 2017

The study examinesthe hindrance factors including various laws and institutions with regard to the Unbundled Parking System (UPS) that has recently attracted the greatest attention as a way to manage traffic demand for sustainable development, efficient utilization of parking spaces, and to overcome the unstable housing market.The direction of improvement of related laws and institutions is also suggested. Its usage is proven by countries such as the United States of America and France, as they have already implemented this institution. To lay the foundation for the introduction of UPS of our own country, a survey on the preference for UPS was conducted. The survey equally divided 300 respondents into three clusters based on the sales price of apartments in Seoul. The analyses revealed that all three clusters have similar preferences (cluster 1: 68%, cluster 2: 62%, cluster 3: 65%) on UPS, and younger groups seem to answer in the affirmative more than the other age groups no matter what cluster they belong to. In conclusion, the results on the estimation of selection probability on the preference of unbundled parking system and sales discount rate are as follow. The groups of non-vehicle users have higher preference on UPS. When the discount rate is 14%, 69%, 77% and 62%ofrespondents would choose unbundled parking system for clusters 1, 2 and 3, respectively (￦6,370,000/PY,￦3,930,000/PY and ￦2,270,000/PY reduce when applying avg. sales price, respectively).

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.283-292
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• 2008

Smoothing parameter or bandwidth plays a key role in nonparametric classification based on kernel density estimation. We consider choosing smoothing parameter in nonparametric classification, which optimize the Bayes risk. Hall and Kang (2005) clarified the theoretical properties of smoothing parameter in terms of minimizing Bayes risk and derived the optimal order of it. Bootstrap method was used in their exploring numerical properties. We compare cross-validation and bootstrap method numerically in terms of optimal order of bandwidth. Effects on misclassification rate are also examined. We confirm that bootstrap method is superior to cross-validation in both cases.