• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-140
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of children's interactive learning focusing on the Vygotsky's ZPD (the zone of proximal development) in a natural history museum as a representative free-choice learning context. We focused on the understanding of peer dyadic discourses and data were collected from 13 peer groups of children (3rd and 4th graders) who were videotaped all conversations occurred as they visited around the exhibits with no predetermined path. The transcribed data were analyzed by the developmental level of ZPD system and the discourse within an ADL (an actual developmental level) was overwhelmingly common in the conversations between child-child dyads. The representative discourse by discourse types were parsed according to three constructs of ZPD. Children formed the intersubjectivity through semiotic mediation such as conversations and exhibits and ended up with the similar situation definition. In conclusion, the details of discourses of the most impressive dyad were looked into focusing on the scientific concept. The study implies that a natural history museum becomes a meaningful resource to offer a deeper understanding of the nature of children's learning as an informal learning setting.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.355-375
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• 2011

This paper was designed for the purpose of helping the functional comprehension on the concept of a circumcenter and an incenter of triangle and offering the help for teaching-learning process on their definitions. We analysed the characteristic of the definition on a circumcenter and an incenter of triangle and studied the context, mean and purpose on the definition. The definition focusing on the construction is the definition stressed on the consistency of the concept through the fact that it is possible to draw figure of the concept. And this definition is the thing that consider the extend of the concept from triangle to polygon. Meanwhile this definition can be confused because the concept is not connected with the terminology. The definition focusing on the meaning is easy to memorize the concept because the concept is connected with the terminology but is difficult to search for the concept truth. And this definition is the thing that has the grounds on the occurrence but is taught in a made-knowledge. The definition focusing on both the construction and meaning is the definition that the starting point is vague in the logical proof process. We hope that the results are used to improve the understanding the concept of a circumcenter and an incenter of triangle in the field of mathematical education.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.487-492
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• 2007

최근 잦은 기상이변으로 인한 자연재해는 그 빈도와 강도가 점차 증가하고 있다. 이러한 기상이변은 결국, 극단적인 가뭄이 닥칠 가능성이 농후할 것이고, 만일 극단적인 가뭄상황이 도래할 경우 제한급수 또는 절수로 인한 일반인이 느끼는 피해정도는 매우 늘어날 것이다. 본 연구는 가뭄상황시 제한급수를 고려한 소비자의 지불의사를 알아보고자, 7대 특 광역시와 32개 가뭄상습지역에 거주하는 일반인을 대상으로 생활용수 수요패턴과 가뭄상황을 고려한 생활용수의 가치를 추정하였다. 조사결과, 수돗물 수질 관련에 대해서는 가뭄상습지역보다 7대광역시가 더 민감하였고, 수돗물 수량에 대해서는 가뭄상습지역이 더 민감한 것으로 나타났다, 지불의사 추정은 양분선택형과 개방형을 혼합하여 지불의사액을 설문하였고, Tobit모형을 이용하여 지불의사액을 추정하였다. 추정결과, 교육수준이 높을 수록, 가구수가 많을수록, 소득이 높을수록 지불의사가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 가뭄으로 인해 생활용수의 25% 제한시에는 약 2010원, 50% 제한시에는 2,395원의 추가적인 지불의사가 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 결국, 조사가구의 평균 수돗물 사용량과 절감량등을 추정하여 계산한 결과, 생활용수 25% 제한시 $1m^3$당 추가적인 지불의사 금액은 약 534원으로 추정된다. 지불의사가 기대했던 것보다 낮은 이유는 소비자가 그 정도의 가뭄을 경험하지 못한데서 오는 조세저항으로 여겨진다. 그러나 이 같은 결과는 가뭄을 회피하기 위해 소비자가 기꺼이 지불할 수 있는 비용은 현재의 물 값보다 훨씬 높다는 것을 의미한다. 알 수 있었다.수 없는 실제 방사선작업 환경에서의 선량평가 수행시, 본 논문에서 제시한 선량평가방법을 적용할 경우 계획된 피폭과 예상하지 못한 방사선장에 대한 피폭을 구분할 수 있어 보다 심도 있는 피폭선량평가 및 방사선관리가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.황산기(黃酸基)의 함량은 가장 적었다내고 있었고, in vivo에서는 복강(復腔)(i. p.) 투여(投與)에서는 $12.9{\sim}22.2%$. 경구(經口)(p.o.) 투여(投與)에서는 $11.2{\sim}21.6%$의 높은 활성(活性)을 나타내고 있었다. 단 peroxidase 활성(活性)은 복강(復腔)(i. p.) 투여(投與)에서는 $129.0{\sim}188.6%$, 경구(經口)(p. o.) 투여(投與)에서는 $111.4{\sim}139.6%$의 활성(活性)을 나타내고 있었다.rucic acid를 다량함유(多量含有)하고 있는 목포단교 12는 다른 두 품종(品種)에 비(比)하여 장쇄지방산에 속하는 eicoseuoic acid가 11.7%로 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 그리고 3품종(品種) 모두 중성지질(中性脂質) 획분(劃分)의 지질(脂質)은 전체지방산(全體脂肪酸) 조성(組成)의 비(比)와 별다른 차이(差異)를 나타내지 않았다.수 있으나 본원에서 사용 중인 장비에서 극히 적은 MU의 사용이 현저한 선량적 오차를 유발하진 않는 것으로 사료되어진다. 그러나 정도 관리 시 그 오차를 확인하는 과정은 장비의 사용과 수명에 따라 지속적으로 관리되어져야 할 것이다.>로 평균

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.46-55
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• 1993

조종사가 수행하는 조종 업무는 여러 정보를 동시에 지각하여 처리하여 야 하는 복잡한 작업으로 구성되어 있어, 조종사에게는 고도의 인간성능이 요구되고 있다. 또한 조종기술을 습득하기 위해서는 많은 훈련시간과 비용 이 소요되며, 조종사의 실수는 치명적인 사고를 초래한다. 따라서 조기에 비행 부적격자를 판별하고, 미흡한 조종 적성을 함양시킬 수 있는 교육 . 훈련 프로그램을 조종 후보생에게 적용시키는 분석적 조종적성 진단 체계 개발은 조 종사의 도태율 감소, 효율적인 비행훈련, 비행 안전사고 감소 등의 측면에서 절실하게 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 조종 업무 수행시 요구되는 여러 인간 기능의 중요도 차이를 조종 적성 평가 체제에 적용하기 위해서, 각 적성 검사 항목들의 상대적 중요도를 분석하고 이의 타당성을 평가하였다. 적성검사 항목의 상대적 중요도 분석은 조종적성검사 계층구조의 각 수준별 쌍체 비교 평가와 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) 분석에 의한 상대적 중요도 산출 및 평가, 그리고 일관성 지수(Consistency Index)에 의한 분석 결과의 조정을 통해 이루어 졌다. 적성검사 항목의 쌍체 비교 평가는 심리기능검사, 비행자질 검사 등 총 29개 적성검사 항목에 대해 검사를 받았고 또한 초등비행 훈련과정을 수료한 조종 학생들에 의해 이루어 졌다. 상대적 중요도를 분석한 결과 심리기능 검사(W=0.30)가 다른 검사에 비하여 조종적성 평가에 중요한 검사로 나타났으며, 세부 항목으로는 주의 분배력(W=0.13), 추적능력(0.06) 등이 상대적으로 중요한 검사 항목으로 나타났다. 또한 상대적 중요도 결과를 적용한 적성검사 성적이 적용하지 않은 적성검사 성적에 비해 비행성적에 대한 예측 능력이 좋은 것으로 평가되었다.al age)가 있다는 것을 의미하는 것이다. 한편, 생산현장에서는 자동화, 기계화가 진보되어 육체적인 노동이 경감된 결과, 중고령자라도 할 수 있는 작업이 많아지고 있다. 또, VDT (Visual Dislay Terminal) 작업과 같은 정보처리 작업의 수요가 증가하여 그 인재의 부족이 지적되고 있다. 따라서 중고령자의 기능을 조사하여 어떠한 작업에 적합한가를 판단하는 것이 중요한 과제로 되었다. 그러나 노동에는 많은 기능이 관여 하고, 그 내용에 따라서 요구되는 기능이 서로 다르기 때문에 노동적응능력의 기본적인 기능으로 보여지는 것에 좁혀서 작업능력의 연령증가 변화에 대하여다원적 평가를 하는 것이 실제적이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인간이 가지고 있는 다수의 기능중에서 수지교 치성과 연령증가와의 관계를 조사한다. 만약 연령증가 만으로 수지교치성을 평가 할 수 없는 경우에는 어떠한 요인이 수지기민성의 변화에 영향을 미치는가를 검토한다.t list)에서 자동적으로 사건들의 순서가 결정되도록 확장하였으며, 설비 제어방식에 있어서도 FIFO, LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.340-351
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• 2003

We introduce our experiences of the design and implementation of the Page Together system that has expanded hyperlink metaphor to utilize human resources in the web. This system supports that a user connects with others in the web, communicates through video/audio channel, navigates same web pages simultaneously and cooperates some work on Internet. For these functions, it comprises Collaborative Browsing Module (CBM), Multimedia Conferencing Module(MCM) Data Conferencing Module(I)CM) and Multi Protocol Interface(MPI). We adopted three standard protocols, IEC, H.323 and T.120 for each nodule and it allows developers to use them easily. We also defined MPI to synchronize information of session among modules. Each module exchanges information each other in session creating process and session terminating process. After a session is created once, each module works independently as its won protocol. Interferences among modules are reduced as minimizing to exchange information. We also introduce a web site that provides web board service based on the Page Together system. A user may post a notice with a link to himself/herself on our web board. After then, if someone read that notice and has any question about it, he or she can try to connect to the writer as clicking the link in that notice and communicate each other. This service site shows that our system can be applied to diverse internet services such as distance teaming and distance conference.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.221-262
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• 2018

This study aims to explore life experiences associated with poverty and discrimination in processes of growth, career exploration, entry into the labor market, and career accumulation of the working high school graduate youths. With this exploration, we also intent to grasp their difficulties and needs, thus look for policy tasks for them. The analysis is based on qualitative case study. The results are following. Typical working high school graduate youths choose not to go on to university under the influence of unfavorable economic situation of the original families. They enter the labor market without enough career exploration and try to continue working mainly in low-income and unskilled jobs. They usually work long hours to increase incomes, thus, do not have enough time to invest on their own human resources. They locate in a vicious circle of income poverty, time poverty, and skill poverty, but rarely protected by existing employment and income support programs. It is necessary to improve or introduces policy packages including labor market transition support for the high school graduate, education, training, and career exploration support, income support for the working poor, social network support, and support for reducing the dead zone of social insurances.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-102
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• 2014

As carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, is generally emitted by vehicles, the development and distribution of electric cars is important for the sustainability of environmentally-friendly tourism, especially in national parks. National parks in Korea, however, still see the use of traditional vehicles powered by internal combustion engines in the handling of visitors and the transportation of goods and staff. Such engines being the cause of environmental problems such as exhaust emission and noise pollution, the introduction of electric cars in national parks is needed. This study aims to analyze the economic value of electric cars in national parks as well as contribute to the development of the Green Transportation model in tourism destinations. The study used a logit model to estimate the willingness to pay for the introduction of electric cars in national parks. Adults over the age of twenty, with gender and age apportioned equally, were surveyed using questionnaires that included dichotomous as well as demographic questions. The findings show that the amount an individual is willing to pay for the purpose of environmental conservation is 3,948 won, while the value the national parks would derive from the use of electric cars is 56,138,130,000 won. The introduction of electric cars in national parks is expected to offer both direct and indirect benefits while helping to improving the environment of the national parks by eliminating exhaust emission and noise. This introduction would also be a response to climate change that can be taken by society as a whole.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2022

In this paper, we classify and present AI algorithms and natural language processing methods used in chatbots. A framework that can be used to implement a chatbot is also described. A chatbot is a system with a structure that interprets the input string by constructing the user interface in a conversational manner and selects an appropriate answer to the input string from the learned data and outputs it. However, training is required to generate an appropriate set of answers to a question and hardware with considerable computational power is required. Therefore, there is a limit to the practice of not only developing companies but also students learning AI development. Currently, chatbots are replacing the existing traditional tasks, and a practice course to understand and implement the system is required. RNN and Char-CNN are used to increase the accuracy of answering questions by learning unstructured data by applying technologies such as deep learning beyond the level of responding only to standardized data. In order to implement a chatbot, it is necessary to understand such a theory. In addition, the students presented examples of implementation of the entire system by utilizing the methods that can be used for coding education and the platform where existing developers and students can implement chatbots.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.479-486
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• 2022

Midlife is a critical time when people look back on their life and evaluate it from current state. In middle age, there is a satisfaction with achievement and a sense of crisis between reality and expectation. Research on pastoral counseling in the middle age to minimize problems and conflicts that occur in the transition period of crisis or opportunity is meaningful. Based on biblical principles, pastoral counseling should be able to help the client's needs and development tasks to be reproduced into a meaningful life on the basic premise of a realistic meeting with God. Therefore, through a literature review, the developmental views of Jung, Ericsson, Levinson, and the pioneers of middle-aged research, were examined. From this realistic point of view, the integration of pastoral counseling and reality therapy is considered to be very useful by allowing the harmony of internal dialogue and behavior to start together through the feasible realistic behavior and responsibility of one's choice. Insights on oneself and specific counseling methods of realistic therapy will present a new type of counseling through integration with pastoral counseling. Therefore after examining the theoretical background and characteristics of reality therapy, we intend to help overcome the middle-aged crisis through the meeting pastoral counseling and reality therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze radiological technologists' (RT) task perceptions of intravenous injection behavior of contrast medium and use it as basic data for future workforce response plans. We surveyed a total of 172 RT using questionnaire terms consisting of demographic characteristics, job priorities, and RT' task perceptions of intravenous injection behavior. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, independent samples T-test, and ANOVA analysis. As a result, first, current clinical RT were highly aware of the need for intravenous injection behavior as a response to the future workforce of them, and the workload burden resulting from this was evaluated as low. Second, the fear of intravenous injection behavior was found to be significant, so it is judged to be useful to perform them as selective job actions rather than all RT' task. Third, the need for training courses and certification for RT' intravenous injection behavior is being raised, and additional specific research on this is required. Last, RT' positive perception of intravenous injection behavior could be expected as a foundation for improving national medical services, strengthening RT expertise, and expanding tasks.