• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.48
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• pp.199-237
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• 2024

Donghak-gyo, the Teaching of Eastern Learning, is a new religious order founded by Kim Ju-hee, centered around the Donghak (Eastern Learning) lineage. The core thought conveyed in the lyrics of Donghak-gyo songs (gasa) can be identified as the concept of 'Return to the Former World (先天),' considering the frequency of the term and the content of the recited verses. The view of time and destiny (時運觀) held by Eastern Learning emphasizes the concept of 'Another Great Opening.' Donghak-gyo's perspective on time and destiny is further rooted in the concept of 'Return to the Former World.' Donghak-gyo particularly emphasizes the term 'Former World,' and incorporates the Study of Changes (易學) into their songs. They recite verses that depict the situation of the Great Opening as an interaction between yin and yang. In Donghak-gyo, it is emphatically asserted that the completion of the Later World's destiny leads to the achievement of the 'Return to the Former World.' It is sung that with the restoration of destiny associated with the 'Return to the Former World,' the symbolic 'Spring (春)' represented by the virtue of Wood (木德) will return. Donghak-gyo describes the unfolding of a new cycle of destiny (運數) as the 'restoration of Changes (易).' When this occurs, they refer to the emerging new world, characterized by a new order and norms, as the 'Return to the Former World,' asserting that a 'moral world' will be established, leading to the development of a moral civilization. It is also sung that the restoration of the destiny associated with the Return to the Former World is akin to the restoration of the Heavenly Dao (天道). The characteristics of the concept of the Return to the Former World are threefold: firstly, it advocates a nostalgic system; secondly, it is a backward-looking thought; and thirdly, the idea of 'cyclical repetition' encourages tangible actions such as 'returning to the origin' or 'restoring fundamentals.' The concept of Return to the Former World in Donghak-gyo, unlike many new religions of those days, provided a unique conceptualization and understanding of the Former World and presented a new framework for interpretation. It moved away from the notion of discarding the Former World as a relic of an outdated era, and instead interpreted it as a new era to be embraced. Therefore, the concept of 'Return to the Former World' in Donghak-gyo should be re-assessed as one of the ideologies that inherits the pursuit of returning to and restoring the past in Eastern traditions. However, it can be criticized for lacking a concrete methodology with regards to the 'Return to the Former World.' Additionally, it is noted for deficiencies in ethical consciousness and moral virtues. Furthermore, its explanation about the Former World come across as insufficient. Thus, the concept of the 'Return to the Former World' in Donghak-gyo seems to be characterized more by declarative slogans than substantive content.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 1994

To assess the role of adrenal medulla and renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of sympathetic neurotransmission, the pressor response to PNS was evaluated in pithed SHR and normotensive WKY or SDR with or without adrenal demedullation and/or enalapril pretreatment. Three weeks after adrenal demedullation, MAP and the heart rate of demedullated rats were similar to their corresponding sham-operated groups. The pressor response to PNS was frequency-dependent, and blocked by prazosin. In contrast to the normotensive rats, in SHR, the pressor response to PNS was attenuated in demedullated rats as compared with sham-operated rats. However, the attenuation of PNS-induced pressor responses in demedullated SHR was not observed in enalapril-treated SHR. The adrenal demedullation in SHR did not affect the plasma and aortic catecholamine contents in spite of the decreased catecholamine contents of adrenal gland, nor ACE activity in aortic strips. But, in WKY rats, the aortic catecholamines, especially epinephrine, contents as well as ACE activity were increased by adrenal demedullation. These results suggest that the facilitatory role of adrenal medulla in sympathetic neurotransmission depends upon the activation of renin-angiotensin system, and that the compensatory regulation of renin-angiotensin system takes place in normotensive rats but not in SHR.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.415-433
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were to investigate Korean parents' perception on nature versus nurture and to examine the dualism in the mechanism of human development. For this goal, the present study used the Korean proverbs about child development and education as a measurement scale for developmental values. This study 1) examined the degree of agreement on the proverbs, 2) analysed the differences in the degree of agreement as the subject's socio-demographic variables, and 3) compared agreement scores as the topic of proverbs. The participants of the study were 608 parents. As the first result, the agreement scores between nature and nurture proverbs were very similar, whereas the agreement score of the importance of education proverbs was relatively higher. Second, there were some differences in related socio-economic variables as the topic of proverbs. Especially, it was revealed that the participants had some different beliefs in the nurture as their age and in the importance of education as their sex. Third, there was no significant difference between the agreement scores of nature and nurture proverbs. From these results, it seems that the interactionism between nature and nurture is generally accepted by Korean parents, and child education is a very important belief.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.40.3-41
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• 1981

The ichthyosiform dermatosis is consisted of a heterogenous group of hereditary disorders. Authors report a case of 26 year old female patient who has congenital ichthyosiform dermatosis associated with sensorineural hearing loss, neovascularization of cornea, partial alopecia and abnormalities of nails and teeth. The audiological findings of this patient were as follows: 1. Bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss. 2. SISI scores: 100% at 1, 000 Hz and 4, 000 Hz on both ear. 3. Tone decay test: 25 dB decay at 1, 000 Hz and 4, 000 Hz respectively on both ear. 4. SRTs : 85 dB on both ear. 5. Speech discrimination scores : 80% at 95 dB hearing level(MCL) on both ear. With above results, cochlear lesion is suspected in this syndrome.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1977.06a
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• pp.7.2-7
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• 1977

Laryngeal web was first reported by Fleischmann in 1822, and it causes upper airway obstruction and abnormalities of phonation. Congenital webs result from an arrest of development of the larynx around the tenth week of fetal life. Acquired webs may result from cicatrical strictures of infectious lesion, traumatic and postoperative wounds. The most common site of webbing is glottic, followed by subglottic and supraglottic. We have experienced a case of simultaneous glottic and supraglottic laryngeal webs probably due to tuberculous lesions in 28 aged male who was treated by endolaryngeal microsurgery.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.47
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• pp.65-103
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• 2023

In The Canonical Scripture (典經), the core scripture of Daesoon Thought, the Former World and the Later World are divided into the Era of Mutual Contention and the Era of Mutual Beneficence. This concept of the Former World and the Later World appears in diagrams on I-Ching Studies (易學) in the text titled, The Comprehensive Mirror of Taegeukdo (太極道通鑑). In I-Ching Studies, Anterior Heaven (先天) and Posterior Heaven (後天) are the main concepts in Song Dynasty diagram books on I-Ching Studies. Among the diagrams of I-Ching Studies, Fuxi's Diagram of the Sequence of the Eight Trigrams, Fuxi's Diagram of the Positions of the Eight Trigrams, Fuxi's Diagram of the Sequence of the 64 Hexagrams, and Fuxi's Diagram of the Positions of the 64 Hexagrams correspond to the Anterior Heaven, and King Wen's Diagram of the Sequence of the Eight Trigrams and King Wen's Diagram of the Positions of the Eight Trigrams correspond to Posterior Heaven. In The Comprehensive Mirror of Taegeukdo, the diagrams of I-Ching Studies are reinterpreted according to Daesoon Thought. The Diagram of the Eight Trigrams of King Wen's Era corresponds to King Wen's Diagram of the Eight Trigrams in I-Ching Studies. This diagram was drawn according to the text in Chapter Five of the Treatise of Remarks on the Trigrams. This diagram corresponds to "the Era of the Nobility of Earth (地尊時代)" centered on the trigram kun (坤 / ☷ ground). Fuxi's Diagram of the Positions of the Eight Trigrams in I-Ching Studies corresponds to The Diagram of the Positions of the Eight Trigrams of Fuxi's Era in Daesoon Thought. The most significant feature of this diagram is that the trigrams assigned to the directions of north and south match the hexagram indicating the obstruction of Heaven and Earth. This is hexagram 12 (否), meaning "obstruction," and it depicts no exchange or communication between Yin and Yang. Naturally, this symbolizes mutual destruction overtaking Yin and Yang. Daesoon Thought expresses this as "the Era of the Nobility of Heaven (天尊時代)." The most significant feature of The Diagram of the Eight Trigrams of the Corrected Book of Changes in The Comprehensive Mirror of Taegeukdo is that the trigrams assigned to the directions of south and north are indicative of hexagram 11, Peace on Earth and in Heaven (泰). This is a diagram in which mutual destruction is resolved through the Five Phases because the trigrams for water (坎 / ☵) and fire (離 / ☲) are in a corrected orientation. Therefore, this diagram symbolizes a world "free from Mutual Contention" and "the Era of Human Nobility (人尊時代)." According to the contents of The Canonical Scripture, the Supreme God performed the Reordering Works of the Three Realms to correct the Mutual Contention of the Former World, and as a result, the Mutual Contention of the Former World will give way to the implementation of the Dao of Mutual Beneficence. The Supreme God's Reordering Works of the Three Realms have been completed in the realm of divine beings, but in the Later World, they appear as an Earthly Paradise where the Dao of Mutual Beneficence is realized. The diagram depicting the Later World is The Diagram of the Eight Trigrams of the Era of the Corrected Book of Changes in The Comprehensive Mirror of Taegeukdo.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.892-895
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• 2008

H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is extremely rare in infants and children, and clinical manifestations of this condition are diverse based on its severity. Some cases of congenital TEF diagnosed in adulthood have been reported, which indicate the difficulty of early diagnosis of this disease. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) may induce chronic aspiration, pulmonary aspiration, apparent life-threatening events, and failure to thrive. We report a 5-month-old boy whose recurrent pneumonia and wheezing did not improve under usual treatment and led to acute respiratory distress syndrome. He was found to have severe GER on the second-trial of the esophagogram and was eventually revealed to have congenital H-type TEF upon repeated evaluation.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the factors affecting medical use in Seoul metropolitan region (SMR) by patients with a congenital malformation in the Jeollabuk-do region and suggest methods to improve equity in regional healthcare utilization. The study conducted the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis using Korean National Hospital's in-depth injury survey data from 2016 to 2020. The results are as follows. First, medical utilization in SMR was high in the age group of 19-44. Second, the bigger the bed size, the higher the medical utilization in SMR. Third, in the case of the principal diagnosis, the medical utilization in SMR was high in the patients with congenital Anomaly of the Tracheobronchial System. Fourth, the medical utilization in SMR was high in the group of inpatients with higher severity after surgery. Based on these results, government-run healthcare policies and planning should be established to achieve regional equity of medical utilization.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.523-528
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and resilience in adolescents with congenital heart disease(CHD) and to identify the variables associated with depression. Methods : The Resilience Scale(cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.92$), Children's Depression Inventory(cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.72$) and Maternal Behavior Research Instrument(cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.88$) were applied and analyzed to assess depression and resilience among 231 adolescents after surgery for CHD from three major cardiac centers in Korea. This group consist of 114 males and 117 females. The mean age was 15.8 years(range : 13-18 years). The clinical severity of illness was rated by CHD functional index and NYHA functional class. Results : The mean score for depression and resilience was 16.74(range : 0-49) and 115.84(range : 70-132) respectively. Depression was significantly related to age(r=0.25, P<0.001) and NYHA functional class(r=0.35, P<0.001), as well as being negatively correlated with oxygen saturation(r=-0.39, P<0.001), academic achievement(r=-0.41, P<0.001), parental attitude(r=-0.49, P<0.001) and resilience (r=-0.59, P<0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that parental attitude(${\beta}=-0.48$, P<0.01) and resilience(${\beta}=-0.62$, P<0.01) were related to depression. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that adolescents with CHD had a higher resilience and were less depressed with an affectionate parent. With respect to medical and nursing intervention programs, it is essential to identify strengths of adolescents with CHD in order to increase their resilience. Additionally, it is also important that parenting and counseling programs be implemented for the parents of adolescents with CHD.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 2005

Purpose : We performed this study to compare the TSH and free $T_4$ levels according to gestational age and birth weight, and to reevaluate the cut-off values in the neonatal screening test for congenital hypothyroidism. Methods : Total 2,133 neonates(1,749 healthy newborns and 384 sick neonates) were screened in Dankook University Hospital from May 2000 to January 2003. Neonates with abnormal TSH values (higher than $20{\mu}IU/mL$) or abnormal free $T_4$ levels(lower than 1 ng/dL) were recalled to recheck the thyroid function test. At that time, physical examinations and history-taking regarding perinatal problem, medication history, and mother's illness were undertaken. Results : Serum TSH and free $T_4$ values revealed no significant difference according to sex, delivery type, and Apgar score. The free $T_4$ levels showed statistically significant differences, with gestational age or birth weight(P<0.01). The recall rate of neonates due to abnormal screening test was 7.48 percent. Compared with original cut-off values, the recall rate of the new cut-off values setted to TSH higher than $20{\mu}IU/mL$ or free $T_4$ lower than 0.64 ng/dL decreased from 7.48 percent to 4.8 percent in the healthy group. But, it compromised sensitivity when applied to the sick group. Conclusion : In this study, neonatal free $T_4$ levels were significantly different according to birth weight, gestational age, and the presence of compromised condition. Although the recall rate by TSH > $20{\mu}IU/mL$ or free $T_4$ <1 ng/dL was relatively high, it was impossible to set up new cut-off values without compromising sensitivity. We think studies including a larger study population will be required to change the cut-off values.