• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2023

As differences in the impact of each species on a spatial scale occur, analysis at the landscape scale is necessary to evaluate the impact of a development project. In previous studies, the Incidence Function Model (IFM) based on meta population theory was used to analyze the impact of species on the environment that changes according to urban development. However, since the model was required at least 10 occupied areas, it is difficult to use it for species that are difficult to monitor such as endangered species. Therefore, we proposed the Incidence Function Model (IFM) using species distribution model to fill the species data. In addition, we reviewed whether the developed model can be used in environmental impact assessment. As a result of the analysis, the minimum occupancy of Prionailurus bengalensis on urban development decreased to 56.5% and the possibility of survival to 28.7%. We confirmed that It rapidly decreased from the reference points of 230 and 70habitats through analysis of the meta-population capacity according to the decrease in the number of habitats. These results can be assessing the environment impact of each species on habitat loss. And it can support decision-making on the minimum number and area of habitat for species protection. This study is expected to be used as basic data for environment impact assessment on before and after development projects and mitigation measures plans, thereby increasing the effectiveness of reduction plans.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

This study aims to explore the significance of historic changes and cultural characteristics of landscape architecture in Korean Seowon. Seowon refers to educational private institutes that also served as Confucian shrines and were prevalent during the mid-to-late Joseon dynasty. Seowon comprised three distinct functional spaces: a shrine, a school, and a garden. The concept of Seowon's garden extended beyond designed landscapes to include the surrounding natural environment. The importance of landscape architecture in Seowon is rooted in its connection to the educational philosophy of these institutes. During the Joseon dynasty, scholars revered nature as a manifestation of Confucian ideals, and they believed that close engagement with nature was integral to self-discipline and learning. This research investigated fifteen relatively well-preserved garden in South Korea and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their gardens. The analysis revealed two key findings. Firstly, gardens in Seowon were actively designed and constructed during the early phase of Seowon culture but gradually diminished after the 17th century. This can be attributed to the shift in Seowon's purpose, with a greater emphasis on its religious function over education. Consequently, the significance and presence of landscape architecture in Seowon, which was closely related with its Confucianist education, declined. Secondly, the study explored the historical backgrounds of each Seowon's landscape architecture and found that many of them were designed or influenced by individuals who were later memorialized and deified in the Seowon's shrines. The landscape architecture created by these predecessors was carefully preserved by the faculties and students as a form of respect. Therefore, landscape architecture in Korean Seowon not only conveys the institutional purpose as an educational hub for the local society but also reflects the institute's strong relationship with the figures they worship as shrines.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2015

In this study, we studied the effect of dissolved cement powder on Carassius auratus by analysis of the morphophysiological changes. The gill exposed to dissolved cement powder showed the thickened primary lamellae and the activity of chloride cells and mucous cells was also significantly increased and the proliferation, separation and clubbing of gill filament was observed in the secondary lamellae. In the kidney tissue, the space in Bowman's capsule was widen and the arrangement of dermis was irregular due to the thinned epidermis in the integument tissue. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and LDH tended to increase with the duration of cement exposure. It was confirmed that the up-regulated proteins were identified as involved in glycolysis and energy metabolism and down-regulated proteins were myofibrillar proteins which were involved in muscle contraction by the cement exposure to the integument. With these results, dissolved cement powder was thought to be a big threat to the survival of the fish because it causes the morphological changes and weakens the physiological activity in C. auratus tissues.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2009

In this paper, we present a model of a virtual world that incorporates different time periods, in contrast to current popular virtual worlds like Second Life, to utilize the digital space fully. The construction of a virtual world in which we include historical information in the virtual life simulation utilizing the world map and current space information is proposed. The reason for incorporating time is that the virtual world varies according to the politics, economics, society, and culture of a particular time period, so users are able to play in a distinct virtual world as a resident and make their communities of their own free will. Like the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, the model proposed in this paper is a project designed to be maintained by and expanded through the interactivity of users, but unlike Wikipedia, users of this virtual world will be able to live and interact in a world of their own creation in addition to contributing real information.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

As embedded system has strict cost and space constraints, it is impossible to apply conventional fault-tolerant techniques directly for increasing the dependability of embedded system. In this paper, we propose software fault-tolerant mechanism which requires only minimum redundancy of system component. We define an utility metric that reflects the dependability of each embedded system component, and then measure the defined utility of each reconfiguration combinations to provide fault tolerance. The proposed utility evaluation process shows exponential complexity. However we reduce the complexity by hierachical subgrouping at the software level of each component. When some components of embedded system are tailed, reconfiguration operation changes the system state from current faulty state to pre-calculated one which has maximum utility combination.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 2020

Recent studies have offered ambiguous definitions of smart ports. These include smart ports being the only way that fully integrated ports can survive (Deloitte 2017) or ports that have a design based on Internet-of-Things technology to minimize waste of urban space and resources (Port Technology 2016). In addition, many port authorities are creating smart port strategies and have held research seminars focused on smart ports. This study sheds light on the following questions: Why do we need smart ports? Why should all ports be smart ports? Why are overseas advanced ports promoting smartization as soon as possible? What does the future look like for smart ports? Therefore, in this study, we explored the concept of smart ports based on previous research and examined the trends in smart port policies in the Netherlands, Germany, the UK, Italy, and Singapore. Finally, this study proposes useful policies for smart ports and also discusses policy directions that could make our ports truly smart ports.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.119-130
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• 2010

The Genetic Algorithm has been frequently applied by many researchers as one of the population surface modelling tool in estimating the regional population based on the gridded spatial system. Taking the East-Hwasung area as the case, this study first builds a gridded population data based on the KLIS and eAIS databases as well as municipal population survey data, and then constructs the attribute values of the explanatory variables by way of GIS tools. The GA model is run to maximize its fitness function measuring the correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted values of the 70 population cells. It is shown that the GA output predicted reasonably consistent and meaningful coefficient estimates for the explanatory variables of the model.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.615-623
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of dissolved cement powder on Zacco koreanus by analyzing morphophysiological changes. The gills exposed to dissolved cement powder developed abnormal shapes in their secondary lamellae and increased numbers of mucous cells after long-term exposure. Additionally, clubbing, edema, and exfoliation of the epithelial cells were observed in the secondary lamellae. In the kidney tissue, the space in Bowman’s capsule was widened, and in the integument tissue the arrangement of the dermis was irregular due to the thinned epidermis. These results suggest that long-term exposure to cement powder can significantly affect morphological change, resulting death. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and LDH tended to increase commensurately with the duration of cement exposure. It was concluded that up-regulated proteins were the stress proteins involved in myofibrillar-protein production and down-regulated proteins were involved in glycolysis and energy metabolism after the integument’s exposure to cement. According to these results dissolved cement powder is a serious threat to the survival of fish because it causes morphological changes and weakens physiological activity in Z. koreanus tissues.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1435-1443
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• 2012

The changes of plant communities at Angol valley and Baetgol valley in Geoje-do were studied. Both ${\alpha}$-diversity and ${\gamma}$-diversity decreased with the sizes and degrees of habitat fragmentations. The mean number of winner species decreased with habitat fragmentation. All Quercus species, including Quercus acutissima, significantly declined in importance, while the many introduced species, including Trifolium pretense, all increased in importance. As the proportional change in adult survival rate increased, the absolute value of the bias in the elasticity prediction also increased from 2003 to 2011 at undisturbed forests. However, the bias was low for decreases in disturbed populations. Moran's I values showed overall decreases for habitat fragmentation and for the periods of habitat conversion. Eventually, plant communities, due to urbanization in Goeje-do, might have led to decreased chances of common species when the environment was disturbed.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.3_2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

While evolving information-oriented society provides a lot of benefits to the human life, new types of threats have been increasing. Particularly, cyber terrorism, happen on the network that is composed of a computer system and information communication network, and the mean and scale of damage has reached a serious level. In other words, it is hard to locate cyber terror since it occurs in the virtual space, not in the real world, so identifying "Who is attacking?" (Non-visibility, non-formulas), or "Where the attack takes place?" (trans-nation) are hard. Hackers, individuals or even a small group of people, who carried out the cyber terror are posing new threats that could intimidate national security and the pace and magnitude of threats keep evolving. Scale and capability of North Korea's cyber terrorism are assessed as world-class level. Recently, North Korea is focusing on strengthen their cyber terrorism force. So improving a response system for cyber terror is a key necessity as North Korea's has emerged as a direct threat to South Korean security. Therefore, Korea has to redeem both legal and institutional systems immediately to perform as a unified control tower for preemptive response to cyber terrors arise from North Korea and neighboring countries.