• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 1980

Effects of seed disinfectants on loose smut (Ustilago nuda) and leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) of barley were investigated in field tests. For these experiments, seed samples carrying natural infection of Ustilago nuda and Pyrenophora graminea were used and the following fungicides were used: Baytan, Baytan U, Benlate T, Busan 30, KAC-7703, P 242, Panoctine, Sisthane Ec, Sisthane Wp, Sisthane Ds, Sodium Omadine, Terracoat Zn, Vitathiram and Zinc Omadine, respectively. Results have shown that Sisthane and Benlate T have equal effect to Vitathiram against Ustil­ago nuda and Pyrenophora graminea. Baytan U was effective against loose smut but inferior to leaf stripe of barley. P 242 was effective against leaf stripe but inferior to loose smut of barley. Busan 30 have shown moderately inferior effect to Vitathiram against loose smut and leaf stripe of barley. A mild inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of barley, naked barley and wheat seeds was observed when high concentration of Sisthane and Baytan U were treated in seedling box placed in green house conditions, but no symptom observed in field conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 1994.07a
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• pp.7-8
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• 1994

한국산 표고버섯 균사체를 액체배양하여 천연항암물질로 알려진 단백다당체를 추출한 후 그 물질의 특성에 대하여 검토하였다. 균사체의 최적 재양조건을 TGY배지로 조사한 바 온도 $25^{\circ}C$, 배양초기 pH4.0, 교반속도 300rpm, 균사배지 접종량을 10.0%로 하고 산소 통기량을 1.0volume of ait/volume of medium/mimute으로 하였을때 가장 양호한 조건이였으며, 대량생산 하기 위한 SCM배지에서 최적의 C/N비는 13.1오써 7일간 배양하였을때 18.8g/L의 균사령을 얻었으며, 이때 생산수율은 0.46으로 나타났다. 발효가 끝난 배양액에서 균사, 여액 그리고 배양액의 전체에서 단백다당체를 분리한 결과 각 분획에서 단백다당체가 각각 0.55%, 0.12%, 0.69%가 회수되어 배양액 전체에서 단백다당체를 추출하는 것이 바람직하며, 추출방법으로 열수추출, glass bead추출 및 cellulasa처리를 하여 단백다당체의 수율을 비교한 결과 0.25-0.5mm glass nead로 30분간 균사체를 분쇄한 다음 열수추출을 1시간을 하였을때 990mg/100ml의 단백다당체를 얻을 수 있었다. 고단백다당체를 1차 단백질 가수분해 효소로 분해하고, EDAE cellulose 및 Sepadex G-100 column chromatography로 정제한 후, TLC/FLD, ultracentrifugation한 결과 순수한 물질임을 알 수 있었다. 단백다당체의 항암효과 조사중 in vitro배양에서 $P_{388}$과 $L_{1210}$에 대한 단백다당체의 활성단위 1 unit는 1mg정도였으며, 인체의 장암세포인 HCT-48, HRT-18, HT-29 밀 간암세포인 Hep G2 대한 생육저해 단위는 각각 4.4, 3.6, 6.6, 2.6mg이었다. HCT-48과 Hep G2 세포의 크기 분포도는 대조군에 비하여 시간이 경과함에 따라, 그리고 단백다당체의 농도가 증가함에 따라 peak가 작은 size 쪽으로 이동하였다. 또, 단백다당체를 첨가 배양한 HCT-48과 Hep G2세포의 현미경 관찰에서 본래의 암세포 형태가 변형되고 크기가 감소하며 세포사이의 경계막이 흐트러지면서 세포수가 감소하고 사멸하였다. In vivo실험에서는 대조군보다 단백다당체를 첨가한 군에서 항체 형성능력이 대조군에 비하여 형질세포가 2배로 증가하였다. 단백다당체의 화학적 성분 분석에서 다당함량은 46.1%이면 구성다당류는 glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose로 구성되었고 단백질의 함량은 7.28%이며, 구성아미노산은 15종의 아미노산으로 되었다. 또 무기물은 Na, K, Zn, Ca등의 순으로 이루어 짐을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.43-48
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• 2001

This study was investigated to find out the optimum planting densities of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGE about growth characters, yield components and yield at 3 planting densities by direct sowing cultivated after barley Stem length was long In dense planting of 20$\times$10cm and short in spacious planting of 30$\times$10cm and 40$\times$10cm by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Stem diameter was thick in spacious planting of 30$\times$10cm and 40$\times$10cm and was thin in dense planting of 20$\times$cm by direct sewing cultivated after barley. Length and dry weight of root per plant were decreased in dense planting of 20$\times$10cm and were increased in spacious planting of 30$\times$10cm and 40$\times$10cm by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Yield of dry root was highest in optimum planting density(30$\times$10cm:33 plants/$m^2$) by direct sowing cultivated after barley. The correlation coefficient between number of planting plant and stem length showed highly positive correlation. These characters of stem diameter, number of branches, main root length and yield of dry root mentioned above showed negative correlations with planting plants.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1995

The weed survey in lowland rice fields through Korea was conducted in 1992 to determine a change of the weed communities based on different regions, soil types, planting methods, and cultural practices. GIS was applied to identify a spatial analysis of predominant weed species in specific region. On behalf of vegetatine analysis such as absolute and relative density, absolute and relative frequency, importance value, and summed dominance ratio(SDR), there was highly dominant with a perennial weed species, Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi over whole country. However, in particular it was most predominant at southem area of Gyunggi province in Korea. Thus, rice farmers of this area have to introduce a specific comperhensive control strategy against this predominant weed species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 1999

The availability of Bacillus polimyxa 'HB 26-5' as a biological control agent was investigated. The antagonistic bacteria Bacillus polymyxa 'HB 26-5' grew well on the media at pH 7.0 and the optimum growth temperature was $25^{\circ}C$. The pH of the media changed to weak acid(pH 6.1~6.5) at the beginning of incubation, but to weak alkali(pH 7.8~8.2) at 7days after incubation. The best carrier to enhance colonization of the bacteria were the mixture of rice bran and peat, or rice bran and kaoline, in those formulation the density of the bacteria was changed slightly, though the density was beginning to decrease 3 weeks after application at field. In view of the physical characteristics of the formulation for the density maintenance during storage such as the hardness and the size, the best one was the formulation consisted of sodium alginate 2%, kaolin 15% and rice bran 3%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.294-304
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• 2021

Given that the Korean genus Elymus L. (Poaceae) is often confused with Agropyron Gaertn., the categories and characteristics of Elymus s.l. have been reviewed morphologically. Two unrecorded taxa of Elymus, E. humidus (Ohwi & Sakam.) T. Osada and E. shandongensis B. Salomon, not previously recorded in Korean flora to date, we report here as an unrecorded species based on samples collected from Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollanam-do, and Jeollabuk-do. E. humidus is distinguished from other taxa in terms of its habitat around riversides, erect inflorescences, spikelets appressed to rachides of inflorescence, and new individuals asexually propagated at the lower nodes of aerial stems. E. shandongensis is similar to E. tsukushiensis var. transiens (Hack.) H. Osada but is distinguished by the flowering time, slightly curved inflorescences, number of veins of the glumes, and spikelets appressed to the rachides. Descriptions of the two unrecorded Korean taxa, photographs, and keys to neighboring taxa are presented.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.19
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• pp.32-38
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• 1975

In order to clarify the effect of underchannel drainage and culture on the ill-drainage paddy fields, the experiment was carried out at different amounts of fertilizer and planting space under the culvert. It had been found that the effect of underchannel drainage on the ill-drainage paddy field was very efficacious, and planting density was more effective on yield than the amount of fertilizer applied.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 1979

This study was conducted to determine the proper time of corn marketing by cultivating time movement and cultural practice system establish. The rate of development of corn from planting to anther is a function of temperature rather than of photosynthesis. The major yield components of sweet corn for yield increase are more ear heavier grain weight, greater of kernels and heavier 100 grain weight. Early sowing has show yield decrease because yield capacity decreased with the shorting of vegetative growth and it was relatively susceptible to maize black streaked dwarf virus.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.342-356
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• 2014

This study aims to provide the fundamental data for restoration through the analysis of vegetation structure characteristic for managed area with deforest and fumigation among the places damaged by oak wilt disease in Bukhansan National Park. Study areas were selected in six damaged areas with 18 plots ($20m{\times}20m$) including comparing plots between year 2006 and year 2011 after preliminary study finding the exact location with easy access. Analysis items are density and coverage of under story layer, Importance Percentage of under story layer and Importance Percentage of urban adapted species and alien species. As a result, density and coverage under the canopy layer's vegetation was higher than comparing plot in Musugol valley and Soquicheon valley which 4 years and more passed. And Wondobong, Darakwon, Doseonsa and Dobong valley which had not been passed 3 years after deforestation and fumigation decreased in those of vegetation. However, the plots in Wondobong and Doseonsa was analyzed to be higher in density of shrubs than comparing plot. In terms of distirbution of species in under canopy layer which is grown as a upper vegetation, Quercus serrata and Sorbus alnifolia dominated each other in under canopy layer except for Wondobong and Darakwon. Wondobong continuously maintained Quercus mongolica and Q. mongolica and Pinus densiflora dominated in under canopy layer of Darakwon. S. alnifolia which is Urban adapted species were distributed in most study areas. In terms of alien species, Magnolia obovata and Robinia pseudoacacia were newly intruded in the opened crown, and Pueraria thunbergiana was distributed in Soquicheon valley. As the result of soil analysis, acidification(pH 4.49) and low level of organic matter(3.23%), available phosphate(1.40mg/kg) and exchangeable cation were analyzed and it was considered that those environment poorly support the vegetation growth.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.339-351
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• 2000

Optimal environmental conditions, that sustained fastest growth, lowest mortality and abnormality of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis, were identified from field experiments undertaken at Chumunjin during 1991-1998. Temperature within the water column 10~30 m depth ranged between 5 and 23$^{\circ}C$; high temperature and daily fluctuation resulted in growth retardation and heavy mortality of the scallop. Optimal salinity range was between 31.5 and 34.5%0 and water transparency 6.0 and 18.1 m, which was significantly affected by phytoplankton density. Chlorophyll concentration ranged between 0.04 and 3.51 f.lgfL. Low temperature and high chlorophyll concentration appear to support faster growth of the scallop. Optimal periods of transplantation for intermediate culture were between mid July and early November: cultured under high density during July-August as a first step and under low density during mid September through early November as a second step. Optimal stocking density in square net cage (<35${\times}$35 em) for intermediate culture was 30-40 individuals per cage for main culture using lantern net and 80 -100 individuals of the size of 1.5 ~ 3.0 em shell height per cage for sowing culture. During the intermediate culture, the highest growth was realized, when the cage was held at water depth between 10 and 15 m. Water depth below 25 m, however, was best to avoid mass mortality during the periods of abnormally high water temperature and high variation of water temperature. The daily growth rate during the intermediate culture was between 0.019~0.381 mm; low in January and February but high in March and April. It is suggested that the main culture is commenced before June under low stocking density to avoid the possibility of mass mortality during summer by high water temperature.