• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.437-443
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• 2019

Aid to navigation is a navigational aid facility that informs a sailing vessel of its location and direction as well as a location of a specific obstacle by means of a light, shape, color, sound, radio wave, etc. It can be valuable in improving the safety of day and night vessel navigation at sea. For the safety of the tug boat, the minimum equipment requirements for each type of tug boat are arranged. Despite these preparations, the collision accidents between tug boats, barges, and light buoys can occur when the tug boat turns due to the length of the tow-line, tidal current, and the barge's momentum etc. The purpose of this study was to propose the basic system that analyzes the physical relationship between two vessels regarding the tug boat-barge-light buoy dynamics and propagate the corresponding data through the aid to navigation management & operation systems in use at each regional oceans and fisheries.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.139-152
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• 2004

The main objective of this research is to investigate the color coordination types and their characteristics of contemporary female fashion by reviewing 'pre-a-porter Collections' of four collections (i.e., cities) - Paris, Milan, New York, London - from the periods of 2000 S/S to 2002/3 A/W. Through the review of various books and articles written on the subject, the color coordination types and their characteristics were categorized and defined. The data was collected by reviewing 'pre-a-porter Collections' magazine and total 4,269 observations were made. These in turn were categorized into eight color coordination and three color tone categories through the content analysis. Frequency analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings are as follows; First of all, there were 8 observable color coordination categories in contemporary women's fashion. The most used color coordination was chromatic & achromatic color coordination. It was followed by chromatic identical, and then by achromatic identical color coordination. These three color coordinations were the majority, comprizing 73.4％ of the total. The rest were in the order of complementary, gradation, similarity, accent. And the most used tone type was contrasting tone and followed by similar and identical. Next, the analysis of each coordination categories shows that; The chromatic identical coordination focused on presenting its own unity or break it using the contrasting color tone. Meanwhile, the achromatic identical coordination project a clean and strong feeling through black and white combination or a subtle feeling through the different material combination. The chromatic & achromatic coordination showed strong colors and contrasting tones of clear and bright colors. Meanwhile, the characteristics of complementary coordinations are that these coordinations seem to free the colors and show the subtle changes in tones very clearly. The gradation coordination was used to create a cool and lively feeling. Next, the similarity coordination seems to create feminine and warm feeling by taking advantage of similar color feelings, often through the use of warm to warm, cool to cool color matching. Lastly, the accent coordination, through the use of contrasting tones emphasizes the differences in colors, while separation coordination mostly uses black and white on various color coordinations.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2010

Purpose: Evaluating the possibility of Korean traditional folk paintings in the development of eyewear accessories. Methods: Esthetic values with vivid colour and layout of Korean traditional folk painting was evaluated. Reevaluation of those values was applied into eyeglass cleaners and eyeglass case with modernized fashion. Those accessories had an advantage of suitable space to represent visually images of the paintings. Results: Currently, Korean traditional folk paintings receives attention as an international cultural contents. Therefore, it would be possible to enhance cultural consumption of the product whose image was changed with cultural image of the paintings. Conclusions: Utilization of esthetic values into eyeglass makes a positive effects of eyewear accessories, which can be resulted in an expanding international market of eyewear accessories.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic materials to complement the 'time series table serving' by analyzing external color elements. We selected traditional Korean restaurants in two five-star hotels and two famous traditional Korean style restaurants and analyzed their colors and the coloration of the Korean table settings. The results are as follows. By using strong luminosity contrast, restaurant A made its customer focus on the food and used red as the principal point (highlighted) color. Desserts, which have small dimensions, were served in 'Buncheong' ware with 'bakji' method, which has strong contrast; this broke the color balance. The use of small patterned dishes with 'johwa' method would achieve color harmony. Restaurant B used a stronger color for the tables than the foods, making the point color inconspicuous. Lowering the brightness and saturation of the table color would be beneficial. In restaurant C, thick green napkins provided the point color, making the atmosphere of the restaurant dull and dark and interfering with the overall bright atmosphere of the restaurant. Using lower saturation, high luminosity, and yellowish colors would bring harmony to the overall atmosphere. In restaurant D, the point colors were divided into three groups; their diversification during the entire course of the meal made the flow of the meal more natural. However, the use of the violet color, which gives a cold feeling, in the middle of the meal courses broke the overall flow of warm color in the meal. Considering the already-present contrast between red and green, it would be better not to use the violet chrysanthemum in the course of the meal. As mentioned above, there are several issues in terms of the color arrangement, the usage of table pads, and the natural flow of colors. Those issues indicate the necessity for an overall plan for the banquet table set-up in terms of color.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.266-279
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• 2010

This research investigates the influence of color as an important factor of the visual image created by clothes. First, the factor analysis of the adjectives describing the images of clothes shows that the images of clothes are classified into 4 factors that include attraction, brightness, femininity, and the figure type (of which the attraction factor and brightness factor were found to be important dimensions). Second, as for the images of feminine style clothes colors, violet appears more refined and attractive than other colors in all 3 tones. Red appears as a brilliant and glowing image in a vivid tone. Yellow in a vivid tone and pale tone, and red in deep tone appear as a warm image, while blue appears as a cold image in all 3 tones. Blue and violet appear as a tall and slim image in all 3 tones. As for the images of mannish style clothes colors, yellow in vivid tone, violet in pale tone and red in deep tone appear as the most refined and attractive image, while green in all the tones appears as a rustic and unattractive image. Red in vivid tone, yellow in pale tone and violet in deep tone appear as a very brilliant and glowing image. Red in pale tone and deep tone appear as a warm and feminine image. Third, yellow in all the tones is evaluated to be attractive in the mannish style in the comparison of the image of feminine and mannish style clothes color, while blue in a pale tone in feminine style and in deep tone in mannish style earned high points. Red and violet did not show any significant differences between the two styles.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.161-177
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of the traditional color sentiment on the contemporary clothing color by researching the street fashion of 2010 Winter season of Dalian in China, in view of the clothing color of women in their 20-30 years of age, along with traditional Chinese color. This is the 2nd paper following the paper no. 1, focusing on 2010 Summer season, so the research method is same as the paper no. 1. As a result, Black and deep tone PB color most frequently appeared. The vivid and strong tone of R, YR, Y color showed high frequency of clothing colors. This results illustrate that the clothing color choices of Chinese women was affected by Chinese traditional color sentiment rather than the international color trend. Characteristically, in winter season, frequency of R and Y color categories were higher than in summer season, specially in the top and accessories color, those colors showed higher frequency than the other colors. These were the important points in dealing with winter color trend, so that the fashion company and brands should take it an important points when they are planning winter clothing colors. The achromatic colors show the high frequency in both seasons. The bottom color shows high incidence of Black and deep tone of PB color categories as in the previous researches. That means consistent color trend existed in Dalian city, however it does not seem to have its origin from traditional Chinese color preferences. This kinds of regional and seasonal research might contribute to finding the basic informations about the design and marketing strategies to launch into the Chinese fashion market.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.107-123
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to obtain specific data about the characteristics of color preference on Women's street fashion within China and Korea. Photos of Women's street fashion from the twenties and thirties were taken in person in four cities in China(Beijing, Dalian, Qingdao and Nanjing) and Seoul from July 2nd to August 10th, 2015. Three hundred photos in each city were selected, making a total of 1,500 photos. In the analysis of the colors of the clothing in these five cities, the uses of the multi color was most frequent in Dalian, while those of Black was most prevalent in Beijing, Qingdao, Nanjing and Seoul. The Black proved to be commonly preferred through all the items, regardless of terms of the nationality, areas and seasonal changes. The high incidence of Purple Blue color in Beijing, Dalian and Qingdao might be attributed to their preference of the blue jeans. The Multi color was highly shown in all the cities which might be due to their preference of compound colors rather than the mono ones. The high preference for the chromatic colors such as Red, Yellow Red and Yellow might be ascribed to the Chinese traditional color preferences. The differences lies in the color tones, such as the dark and light grayish tone emphasized in Seoul and Nanjing, and vivid and strong tones in Beijing, Dalian and Qingdao. Seoul shows a liking for the achromatic colors, preferring dark and grayish tones, compared with four cities in China, only Nanjing has a similar trend to Seoul. This study analyzes geographical preferences in China that possibly contribute to the launching of Korean fashion brands in view of the design and marketing as a useful basic resources.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 1993

Decrease of forest is seriously caused by urbanization. Photographic interpretation is the act of examining photographic images for the purpose of identifying objects and judging their significance. A systematic study of aerial photographs usually involves a consideration of the basic characteristics of photographic images. Seven of these characteristics are shape, size, pattern, shadow, tone, texture, and site. Aerial photographs contain a detailed record of the ground at the time of exposure. Authors blow the changes of natural environment by database for interpretation of aerial photo. In this paper, authors choose the Pusan National University located at the Kum-Joung Koo, Pusan as model area. Ten year of interval in 1980 and 1990, authors know the rate of forest decreasing is approximately 41 percents and the necessity of the protection of foreast. Authors suggest the combination of construction and protection of environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.37-54
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to define the tastes of middle-aged Korean men by analyzing their characteristics, such as self-image, and fashion style. This study was carried out by using the Q methodology for survey research. The results of this study are as follows; First, the self-images of middle-aged men were classified into 'comfortable, calm, neat, and gentle,' 'realistic, active, sociable, and familiar,' 'sensible, emotional, romantic, and rational,' 'refined, emotional, luxurious, and sophisticated,' and 'aggressive, sensible, realistic, and rational.' Second, by analyzing the congruity of clothing form, fashion accessory, and fashion color types, this study was classified into the following 10 fashion styles: 'modern classic,' 'sophisticated,' 'town casual,' 'traditional casual,' 'comfortable,' 'chic casual,' 'contemporary,' 'gentle classic,' 'classic sporty,' and 'soft classic.' Third, this study analyzed the self-images and fashion styles of the men, and produced the following personal tastes of middle-aged men: 'success-oriented,' 'ability possession,' 'internal stability-oriented,' 'freedom-oriented,' 'self-satisfaction,' 'individuality compromise,' 'emotional release,' 'stability-oriented,' 'practicability-oriented,' and 'youth effort' types. By combining those types with social dimensions, this study produced the following tastes of middle-aged men: 'stabilized traditions,' 'achievements with high sociality,' 'youthful individuality,' 'active self-realization,' and 'realistic, logical pursuit.' The results of this study can be used as a meaningful data for developing the marketing strategy, which reflects the middle-aged men's changed tastes.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.409-417
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate makeup images shown in the beauty trends and analyzes the characteristics of makeup colors depending on the types of facial makeup. This survey's collected data includes a total of 365 makeup colors which have been shown in the beauty trends for the last three years. The pictures and vocabularies shown in such data were analyzed and thus we could have classificatorily six kinds of makeup images. In addition, makeup colors were divided into two subcategories: eye makeup and lip makeup, both of which have the most significant impact on the makeup images. As the results, the types of makeup images shown at beauty trends were classified such as natural image, gorgeous image, elegant image, sophisticate image, and romantic image. If analyzing yearly changes, active, romantic, and elegant images were common in 2008, and natural image displayed a certain strong tendency amid pro-environmental trends in 2009, and gorgeous images were appeared apparently in 2010, while natural image showed a bullish tendency yet. Regarding to color characteristics by makeup images shown at beauty trends, YR color in eye makeup and R in lip makeup looked bullish generally, and a lot of changes were shown in color tones. This fact gives help in grasping fashion colors and color tones of yearly makeups. Based on these results, this study examines makeup colors for expressing makeup images closely, and then suggests that it could be utilized in makeup color planning.