• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of color characteristics on tactile sensation / sensibility image of silk fabrics and to provide prediction models for their tactile sensation/sensibility image by both mechanical properties and color characteristics. As results, some of tactile sensation/sensibility terms including 'smooth', 'buoyant', 'thick', 'stiff', 'unique', 'casual', 'rural', and 'modern' seemed to be influenced by color characteristics such as achromatic/chromatic and hue / tone as well as by mechanical properties of silk. Moreover, red or green silk was more strongly felt than gray ones for 'thick' and 'stiff' as well as pale or vivid was. On the other hands, 'Rural' and 'casual' were respectively evaluated more highly for green, pale, or vivid silk. These results imply that color could give an effect on subjective tactile sensation / sensibility. Finally, prediction models for some of tactile sensation / sensibility of silk fabrics by both mechanical properties and color characteristics were established.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 1996

복합레진은 조작이 용이하고 강도가 우수하며 중합시간이 짧고 법랑질과 상아질에 접착이 가능하며 연마성이 뛰어나고 자연스러운 색상을 나타내므로 심미적 수복에 가장 일반적으로 선택되는 재료의 하나이다. 대부분의 복합레진 kit에는 shade guide가 포함되어 있어 이를 기준으로 중합된 후의 복합레진 색조를 예상하여 선택하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 shade guide들은 대개 복합레진이 아닌 plastic으로 제조된 것으로 중합된 복합레진의 실제 색조와는 차이가 생기게 되며 결국 shade guide 자체의 문제점으로 인해 이상적인 색조선택이 어려워진다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내에 시판되고 있는 5종의 복합레진 제품을 선정하여 분광 광도계를 이용해서 shade guide와 중합된 복합레진 사이의 색조차이를 측정, 비교 연구하였다. 직경 16mm. 두께 1.6mm의 plastic mold에 5종의 광중합형 복합레진(Z100, Prisma TPH, Tetric, Silux Plus, Herculite XR)을 충전하고 응축기에 넣어 압축한 후 제조사의 지시에 따라 광중합기로 중합시킨 후 mold에서 시편을 제거하여 보관했다가 젖은 sandpaper 상에서 순차적으로 연마하였다. shade guide는 step부분을 갈아내어 복합레진 시편과 동일한 두께로 만든후 연마하였다. 분광광도계에 shade guide를 넣고 CIE illuminant D65 하에서 spectral reflectance를 측정하고 해당 색조의 복합레진 시편도 통일한 방법으로 측정하고 $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$값과 ${\Delta}E^*$값을 얻은후 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Z100의 D3, A3, B2 shade와 Prisma TPH의 B2 shade를 제외한 모든 시편에서 shade guide와 복합레진간에 육안으로 인지할 수 있는 색차(${\Delta}E^*$ > 1.0)가 관찰되었다. 2. 평균적으로 Z100이 가장 적은 색차를 나타내었고 Prisma TPH, Tetric, Silux Plus, Herculite XR 순으로 색차가 증가하였다. 3. Prisma TPH의 A2 shade. Tetric의 W shade. Silux Plus의 YB, U shade, Herculite XR의 L, LY shade는 ${\Delta}E^*$값이 3.3 이상으로 나타났다. 4. Z100, Prisma TPH, Tetric, Silux Plus에서는 복합레진보다 shade guide가 더 높은 $L^*$값을 보이는 경향이 나타났으며, Herculite XR에서만 복합레진이 더 높은 $L^*$값을 나타냈다. 5. 모든 시편에서 $b^*$ 값은 (+)로 관찰되었고, Z100, Prisma TPH, Tetric, Silux Plus의 shade guide는 복합레진에 비해 높은 $b^*$값을 보였다. 6. 모든 시편에서 $a^*$값은 (-)로 관찰되었고. Herculite XR 및 Silux Plus에서는 복합레진이 shade guide 에 비 해 낮은 $a^*$값을 나타냈다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2014

This study aimed to provide the fundamental data on the field of cosmetics by comparing heavy metal concentration in terms of domestic/foreign products, types and colors. The study determined the concentrations of lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, antimony, nickel, copper and cobalt in cosmetics such as lipstick, lip gloss, lip balm, foundation and eye liner. From the period of January to August, 2013, 121 samples were collected from cosmetic stores distributing to the general market. The average metal concentrations were as follows; $0.663{\mu}g/g$ for lead, $0.010{\mu}g/g$ for cadmium, $0.056{\mu}g/g$ for arsenic, $1.144{\mu}g/g$ for chromium, $0.008{\mu}g/g$ for antimony, $0.405{\mu}g/g$ for nickel, $0.319{\mu}g/g$ for copper and $0.108{\mu}g/g$ for cobalt. Except for chromium, the heavy metal concentrations were significantly higher in foreign products than in domestic products (p < 0.05). Also, The mean concentrations of heavy metal were significantly different (p < 0.05) when classified by cosmetic type. The highest mean concentrations shown in lipstick were $1.430{\mu}g/g$ of chromium, $0.616{\mu}g/g$ of lead and $0.385{\mu}g/g$ of nickel, in foundation $1.155{\mu}g/g$ of lead and $1.023{\mu}g/g$ of chromium. In eye liner, the highest mean concentrations were $1.424{\mu}g/g$ of chromium and $0.830{\mu}g/g$ of nickel. Additionally, The concentrations of heavy metal were significantly different by color (p < 0.05). Brown colored cosmetics were found to have the highest mean concentrations of chromium, nickel and copper, ivory colored cosmetics the highest mean concentrations of chromium and lead, and pink colored cosmetics the highest concentrations of lead and chromium.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.280-289
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• 2004

Adequate polymerization is a crucial factor in obtaining optimal physical properties and clinical performance of resin composite restorative materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of shade and depth on dental composite resin polymerized with plasma arc curing unit employing FTIR and microhardness. From this experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. The light transmission and microhardness by mode 6 in plasma arc curing were similar to by 20 secs in halogen light curing. 2. The experimental groups of A1, A2, A3, A3.5 were not signifcant difference to light transmission and microhardness on surface and 2mm depth, but were significant difference on 3mm and 4mm depth. Especially light transmission and microhardness were small in darker shade and deeper thickness. 3. Compared with depth cure, uncured monomer amount increased at more than 2mm depth. 4. The light transmission by FTIR and polymerization by microhardness were significant corelation.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.424-434
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• 2006

최근 다양한 디지털 컨텐츠를 온라인의 서버와 오프라인의 개인 컴퓨터 혹은 소형 정보기기에서 공유하여 사용이 가능하도록 도와주는 시스템과 서비스들이 출현하고 있다. 이와 같은 시스템은 사용자가 언제, 어느 곳에 있더라도 원하는 디지털 컨텐츠에 접근할 수 있도록 도와준다는 장점을 갖고 있으며, 또한 해당 디지털 컨텐츠의 저작권을 보호할 수 있다는 부가적인 이점을 제공한다. 그러나 이들 시스템은 도입 초기에 대부분의 개발자들이 저지르기 쉬운 기능 중심적 사고에 치우친 시스템인 경우가 많다. 이들 기능 중심적인 시스템은 사용자가 해당 시스템을 어떻게 인지할 것인지에 대한 이해가 부족한 한계를 갖고 있으며, 이는 결국 시스템의 사용 편의성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 컨텐츠를 온라인과 오프라인에서 공유하여 사용할 수 있는 시스템의 구조적 메타포로 공간을 선택하였다. 사용자의 시스템 환경으로서 온라인과 오프라인, 그리고 사용자가 디지털 컨텐츠를 이용하여 수행하는 과업으로서 관리/저장과 사용으로 시스템의 구조를 구분하였으며, 이상의 구분에 따라 공간의 메타포를 이용하여 시스템을 디자인하였다. 이와 같이 구분한 시스템의 공간에 따라 사용자가 시스템에 대하여 갖는 관여도와 동기를 측정하였으며, 관여도의 수준과 동기의 차원에 따라 사용 편의성을 높일 수 있는 디자인 요소로서 시스템을 구현하고 있는 색상들 사이의 대비 수준과 색상의 색조 차원을 규명하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.176-182
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• 2018

One of the most important factor of esthetic prosthesis is the color of the teeth. Zirconia is produced in the process of design, milling, coloring, drying, and sintering. The effect of the drying degree of zirconia colorant on the color tone is examined. For the experiment, a total of 45 zirconia specimens(15 for each) were fabricated by using cad/cam system. The zirconia specimens(L block(LAZOR), Z block(Zircos-E block posterior), A block(AlphaZ)) were then subjected to zirconia sintering in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using a chemical coloring agent to Non-drying(0sec), intermediate (10sec), and completely dried (10min) temperature holding times. The color tone was measured using a spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed with a One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post-hoc test (${\alpha}=.05$) The $L^*$ values of L, A specimens, $a^*$ values of A specimens, and $b^*$ values of Z specimens were not statistically different according to the degree of drying (p>0.05), While the $L^*$ value of Z specimen, $a^*$ value of L, Z specimen, $b^*$ values of L, A specimens were statistically different according to the degree of drying(p <0.05). In conclusion, the drying of zirconia colourants improves zirconia brightness and increases the optical properties of the enamel.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.280-290
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• 2021

Color stability of pulp-capping material is considered vital to the final aesthetic result since the material is placed in the coronal area. The purpose of this study was to compare the color stability of various pulp-capping materials by analyzing color change of tooth over time. A cavity was formed in the crown of the extracted premolar, and 4 types of pulp-capping materials were filled. Color assessment was performed with a spectrophotometer at different intervals: before placement; immediately after material placement; 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks after placement. Proroot white MTA^® and TheraCal LC^® showed a significant decrease in the L^* value and an increase in the ∆E^* value over time. In contrast, Biodentine^® and Well-Root^TM PT showed no significant change in the L^* value and maintained a steady ∆E^* value. The application of pulp-capping materials containing bismuth oxide as a radiopacifier may result in a color change of teeth. Long-term color stability of pulp-capping materials should be considered when treating teeth with thin enamel thickness or in aesthetically important area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

In the modern urban landscape design, historical and cultural factors are drawing more and more attention in addition to the factor of beauty. To evaluate an urban landscape design, it's quite important to explore the history and culture background of the city. Color of a city reflects the city characteristics and shows the city image. Color planning has become an important part of city landscape design nowadays. A harmonious landscape cannot be without a unified color planning. The color planning should take not only the integrity but also the regionality into consideration. Color planning has a profound impact on public life. This paper studies on streetscape color of two famous places which are Seoul Insa-dong and Shanghai Xintiandi. According to the empirical and comparative study, this paper will give on-site assessment and comprehensive evaluation. Furthermore, this paper will indicate the differences and similarities of the traditional Streetscape of South Korea and China, using the color theories of Korea Image Resource Institute. This survey results will be helpful to the urban landscape color planning.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2024

Artworks inspired by birds have consistently enjoyed popularity, both in the past and present. Designs featuring birds from mythology have particularly garnered significant admiration. Therefore, this study aims to develop into the jewelry design with bird motifs from "Sanhaegyeong", a representative work of Chinese mythology. The research analyzes the characteristics of birds depicted in "Sanhaegyeong" and investigates design cases inspired by these birds. Birds in "Sanhaegyeong" are broadly categorized into divine birds and monstrous birds. Divine birds are predominantly represented with diverse color combinations and unified tones, while monstrous birds are primarily expressed in contrasting colors such as red, green, and white. The study further scrutinizes the forms, colors, and symbolism of jewelry inspired by birds in "Sanhaegyeong". These works predominantly utilize various colors, green, and red. By integrating shapes and patterns relevant to the era associated with the origin of "Sanhaegyeong", designers applied them in the designs, taking into consideration the contextual background and the relevance of design forms. It is anticipated that these research findings will be valuable to designers intrigued by mythical bird designs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.121-124
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• 2008

본 연구는 거주자를 고려한 색채계획에 기초자료로 활용되고자 주거공간의 색채계획 실태와 선호하는 색채를 파악하고, 이를 사용자 측면에서 평가하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 거주자들은 마감재를 선택하는데 있어서 특정한 한 가지 요인보다는 여러 가지 요인을 동시에 고려한다. 둘째, 주거공간에서 색채는 실내분위기를 결정하는데 중요한 요소라고 평가하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 현재 거실공간과 부부침실의 경우 천장과 벽의 색상(Hue)은 N(흰색)계열이었고, 색조(Tone)는 밝은 톤으로 마감되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 색채계획에 관한 만족도는 보통인 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 거실공간과 부부침실에서 가장 선호되는 마감색채는 현재의 것과 동일하게 나타났지만, 현재 마감된 색채보다는 색채종류가 더 다양함을 알 수 있었다.