• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1201-1206
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• 2010

As a means to increase the production and consumption of the brown colored rice with high content of GABA ($\gamma$-aminobutyric acid), this study was conducted to develop brown colored rice tea. After roasting at various temperatures and times, color values and GABA content of the brown colored rice were analyzed. Physicochemical properties such as browning, turbidity, reducing sugar, soluble solid, total polyphenol and pH of brown colored rice tea were determined after the rice powder was put into tea bags and leached in hot water. Sensory characteristics were investigated for three kinds of tea roasted at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10, 20 and 30 min. As the roasting temperature and time increased, L, a and b values decreased as well as GABA content. The brown colored rice roasted at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 min contained the highest content of GABA. Browning, turbidity, reducing sugar, soluble solid and total polyphenol of the brown colored rice tea increased as the roasting temperature and time increased, on the contrary, pH decreased. The brown colored rice tea roasted for 30 min was preferred the most in color, flavor, taste and overall acceptance. From this result, the brown colored rice tea needs to be manufactured by a combination of the brown colored rice roasted at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 min and 30 min to satisfy the consumer's preference and high content of GABA.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1251-1257
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• 2000

Red pepper powder (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important ingredients for making kimchi. Various aspects of the quality of the red pepper powders (RPP) produced in Korea depending on the varieties and producing districts were compared. The evaluated intrinsic elements were vitamin C, carotenoid, capsaicinoid and free sugar contents and the extrinsic element was ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) colors. The vitamin C content was the highest in Johong (230 mg%) RPP among the varieties and Youngyang (263 mg%) RPP among the producing districts. Myungpum RPP that contains high level of carotenoids showed increased level of ASTA color, it exhibited positive relationship between carotenoid contents and ASTA color. Capsaicinoid level in RPP was the highest in var. Chungyang (126.1 mg%) that was usually used soup and pungent cook. Free sugar contents which is related to sweetness were the highest in Youngyang RPP Youngyang RPP that preferentially used in the preparation of kimchi showed the highest levels in vitamin C, carotenoid, ASTA color, and free sugar contents, but the contents of capsaicinoid was the lowest.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1995

For the quality management of ginseng root extracts and their products, the effective constituents contents, physical properties (pH, turbidity, viscosity, optical density) and color intenties of the extracts from white ginseng roots of different cultivating years. The sugar contents, lightness and yellow intensity of extracts from white ginseng roots increased with increased their cultivating years. The crude ash contents turbidity and optical density of extracts from white ginseng roots decreased with increased their cultivating years. Therefore, the extracts from white ginseng root of 5 or 6 cultivated years showed higher quality than the extracts from ginseng root of 4 cultivated years.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.161.1-161
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• 2003

본 시험은 곶감건조초기의 높은 습도로 인한 불량환경을 극복하고 고품질의 우수한 곶감을 생산하기 위하여 현재 국내에서 가장 많이 재배되고 있는 상주둥시와 갑주백목 품종을 사용하여 수행하였고, 저장을 통하여 곶감의 건조시기를 달리한 다음 곶감을 제조하여 상품성을 비교하였다. 저장에 따른 품종별 과중변화는 저장 30일에 품종별로 0.32~0.38%의 무게감소를 나타내었다. 과실의 경도는 저장 30일에 두품종 공히 2.3kg/$\Phi$5mm로 나타나 저장기간이 증가할수록 감소하였지만 이러한 경도의 감소는 곶감을 제조하기 위한 박피작업에는 무리가 없었다. 저장중에 발생한 비상품과는 저장 30일에 품종별로 3.2~4.2% 발생되었고 과실의 당도는 수확시와 비교하여 약간 감소하는 경향이었으며, 과실표면의 색도 역시 적색도는 약간 증가하였으나 유의성은 없었다. 곶감 건조중 무게변화는 박피 2주경에 대부분 박피시 중량보다 30~40%감소되었고 그 후는 완만하게 감소되어 처리 6주후에는 박피중량의 30% 이내로 되었다. 품종별로는 대과종인 갑주백목의 중량감소가 다소 늦었다. 박피시기가 늦을수록 감의 건조속도도 완만하여 30일 저장한 처리구는 박피후 8~9주에 건조가 완료되었다. 곶감 제조중 품종별 경도의 변화는 건조 1주후에 품종별로 0.38~0.42kg/$\Phi$5mm로 급격히 감소하였다가 건조 후기로 갈수록 다시 증가하여 건조 6주후에는 1.52~1.85kg/$\Phi$5mm나타났다. 곶감 제조후 상품성에 있어서 곶감의 당 함량은 수확직후 제조한 곶감이 저장한 후 제조한 곶감과 비교하여 약간 높은 경향이었으나 큰 차이는 없었다. 가용성 탄닌의 함량은 곶감 제조후 품종별로 0.7~0.9mg/g으로 나타나 떫은맛이 완전히 제거되었고 저장기간별로는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 곶감의 외관상 상품성을 나타낼 수 있는 색도는 박피시기가 늦어질수록 두 품종 공히 증가되었다. 특히 갑주백목 품종의 경우 수화직후 8.4인 적색도가 저장 30일후 13.2로 증가되었고 황색도도 13.5에서 33.1로 증가되어 곶감표면의 색도가 박피시기를 연장함으로써 크게 향상된 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.617-622
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• 2003

Experimental designs were applied to optimize the mixture ratio for the extrudate made by soymilk residue and corn grits. Nine candidate points were examined for their significance on extrudate using the modified distance design. Bending force, expansion ratio, bulk density, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI) and color $(L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*)$ were the significant factors improving the extruded cereal production, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. Results showed that bending force, expansion ratio WSI, WAI and color $(L^*,\;b^*)$ increased with increasing the corn grits, whereas bulk density tended to decrease. The statistical study showed that the fitted models were adequate to describe the contour plot and all responses. Optimum mixture ratio allowing to maximize the two responses (expansion ratio and $b^*$) and minimize the response (WAI) were examined with a numerical optimization methods. The numerical optimization method was obtained as 53.18% : 46.19% (corn grits : soymilk residue).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.131.1-131
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• 2003

충청북도 청원군 농가에서 재배한 검은비늘버섯((CBPM-6호)의 저장온도(1, 3, 6$^{\circ}C$) 및 포장 재료 (Wrap, PE, PP, AF)에 따른 선도유지 효과를 알아보기 위하여 중량감모율, 색도, 경도 및 신선도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 저장온도와 포장재에 따른 선도유지효과에 대한 유의성 검정을 실시한 결과 고도의 유의차가 인정되었다(P<0.01). 중량감모율은 저장 18일 후 1$^{\circ}C$에서, AF필름은 1.08%, 랩포장에서는 3.17%를 나타내었고 6$^{\circ}C$에서는 AF 필름은 1.43%, 랩포장에서는 21.94%를 나타내었다. 포장재별 저장기간 중 색도는 저장기간이 연장될수록 명도와 황색도는 약간 증가하는 반면 랩 포장에서는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 버섯 저장 전 색깔은 랩포장에서는 3일, PE, PP, AF포장에서는 18일까지 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 경도는 저장온도가 높을수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 1$^{\circ}C$에서 AF 밀봉 저장시 경도의 변화가 가장 적은 것으로 나타났다. 저장중 신선도는 1$^{\circ}C$ 저장시 신선도 8을 기준으로 랩포장은 3일, PE 밀봉은 6일, PP 밀봉은 9일, AF 밀봉으로 15일간 상품성을 유지할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.210.3-211
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• 2003

흑미가루를 0%, 10%, 15％, 20%, 25％로 첨가량을 다르게 하여 제조한 흑미를 첨가한 인절미의 관능적 특성, 수분 함량, 색도, 기계적인 특성을 비교 검토하였다. 관능검사에서 전체적인 조화도는 흑미가루 15% 첨가군이 가장 높게 나타났고, 흑미가루 10% 첨가군이 그 다음으로 높게 나타난 것으로 보아 유색인절미로서 흑미가루의 첨가량이 15%가 이하일 때 가장 적당한 것을 알 수 있었다. 단단한 정도, 조직의 거친 정도, 씹힘성, 향미는 흑미가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 수분함량은 각 시료간의 큰 차이는 없었으나 흑미가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 수분 보유량이 증가하는 것은 흑미의 식이섬유소 때문으로 추정한다. 색도는 흑미가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 명도는 낮아지고, 적색도와 청색도가 증가함을 알았다. 기계적 검사에서는 경도, 씹힘성, 껌성은 흑미가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 그 값이 높아졌고, 응집성과 탄력성은 모든 시료가 거의 비슷한 수치를 나타내었으며, 부착성은 흑미가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 그 값이 높아졌다. 즉, 흑미가루 비첨가군에 비해 흑미가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 더 단단해지고, 탄력성이 감소하였음을 알 수 있었다. 관능적 특성에서 단단한 정도, 조지의 거친정도, 씹힘성은 기계적인 특성에서 경도, 응집성, 씹힘성과 비교해 볼 수 있는데, 두 가지의 검사의 결과 모두 흑미가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 그 값이 커져 그 결과가 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1997

Effects of frying temperature, kneading degree and ingredients ratio of sesame oil, syrup and sozu on quality characteristics were studied. Mixture experiments were used for the variation of three components. L-value was significantly high at $120^{\circ}C$ and was increased by increasing the kneading degree. a-value was increased by increasing the frying temperature, however there were no significant differences as the kneading degree was changed. Hardness of yackwa was increased by increasing the frying temperature and the kneading degree. Fat absorption rate was decreased as the frying temperature and the kneading degree were increased. Dip syrup absorption rate was increased by decreasing the frying temperature, however there were no significant differences as the kneading degree was changed. There were no clear relationships between color value and ingredients ratio. Hardness of yackwa was increased by increasing the amount of sesame oil and sozu and decreased by increasing the amount of syrup. Fat absorption rate was increased by increasing the amount of sesame oil and syrup. Dip syrup absorption rate was increased by increasing the amount of syrup and by decreasing the amount of sesame oil and sozu.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 1999

Physical and chemical changes of black rice cake were investigated to determine its packaging material during storage. Black rice cake was packaged with polyethylene(PE) or polypropylene(PP) film and stored in RH 65% at 20$^{\circ}C$ for 5 months. There were no differences between PP and PE films for color, hardness and rancidity during storage, while weight change and water activity were slightly different between two films. Weight and water activity of black rice cakes packaged with PE or PP were increased during storage. Weight change and water activity of PE were slightly higher than those of PP. In conclusion, quality changes of black rice cake packaged with flexible packaging materials were little different between PP and PE during storage.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 2010

The catalytic wet oxidations of the wastewater containing azo dye Reactive Black 5(RB5) with heterogeneous catalyst of CuO have been carried out to investigate the effects of temperature($190{\sim}230^{\circ}C$) and catalyst concentration(0.00~0.20 g/l) on the removals of colour and total organic carbon TOC. The wastewater colour was measured with spectrophotometer, and the oxidation rate was estimated with TOC. About 90% of colour was removed during 120 min in thermal degradation of the RB5 wastewater at $230^{\circ}C$, while TOC was not removed at all. As increasing reaction temperature and catalyst concentration, the removal rates of colour and TOC increased in the catalytic wet oxidations of RB5 wastewater. The effects of catalyst were already considerable even at 0.01 g CuO/l, while the removal rates of colour and TOC increased negligibly with increasing the catalyst concentration above 0.05 g CuO/l. The initial destruction rates of the wastewater colour have shown the first-order kinetics with respect to the wastewater colour. TOC changes during catalytic wet oxidations have been well described with the global model, in which the easily degradable TOC was distinguished from non-degradable TOC of the wastewater. The impacts of reaction temperature on the destruction rate of the wastewater colour and TOC could be described with Arrhenius relationship. Activation energies of the colour removal reaction in thermal degradation, wet oxidation, and catalytic wet oxidation(0.20 g CuO/l) of the RB5 wastewater were 108.4, 78.3 and 74.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The selectivity of wastewater TOC into the non-degradable intermediates relative to the end products in the catalytic wet oxidations of RB5 wastewater was higher compared to that in phenol wet oxidations.