• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temporary restorative and filling material on bonding strength between lithium disilicate glass-ceramic and dentin. 60 extracted human molars were cross-sectioned at occlusal third and were embedded into self-cure acrylic resin. Then the teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 each. Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic is cemented to dentin as follows: after no any application of the provisional materials (Group A), after application of ALIKETM (GC America Inc.)(Group B), after application of Luxatemp$^{(R)}$ Automix plus (DMG, Germany)(Group C), after application of Fermit$^{(R)}$ (Ivoclar Vivadent, Leichtenstein)(Group D). After the specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours, the shear bond strength of the specimens were measured using UTM (Zwick 1456 41, Zwick, Germany) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. There were no statistically significant differences of bond strength among the groups. Fracture type was showed mixed type of adhesive and cohesive fracture in most of specimens. Within the limitation of this study, bond strength of adhesive resin cement between lithium disilicate glass-ceramic and dentin was not affected by provisional restorative and filling materials.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.450-460
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cavity shape, bond quality of bonding agent and volume of resin composite on shrinkage stress developed at the cavity floor. This was done by measuring the shear bond strength with respect to iris materials (cavity shape , adhesive-coated dentin as a high C-factor and Teflon-coated metal as a low C-factor), bonding agents (bond quality: $Scotchbond^{TM}$ Multi-purpose and Xeno III) and iris hole diameters (volume; 1mm or 3mm in $diameter{\times}1.5mm$ in thickness). Ninety-six molars were randomly divided into 8 groups ($2{\times}2{\times}2$ experimental setup). In order to simulate a Class I cavity, shear bond strength was measured on the flat occlusal dentin surface with irises. The iris hole was filled with Z250 restorative resin composite in a bulk-filling manner. The data was analyzed using three-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. Fracture mode analysis was also done When the cavity had high C-factor, good bond quality and large volume, the bond strength decreased significantly The volume of resin composite restricted within the well-bonded cavity walls is also be suggested to be included in the concept of C-factor, as well as the cavity shape and bond quality. Since the bond quality and volume can exaggerate the effect of cavity shape on the shrinkage stress developed at the resin-dentin bond, resin composites must be filled in a method, which minimizes the volume that can increase the C-factor.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.436-444
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of 3-in-1 flowable composite to the enamel and dentin of primary teeth to previous adhesive systems. 110 primary incisors were prepared and divided into two groups: Dentin group included 5 groups: 1) Scotch bond Multi-purpose plus(DSM), 2) Single-bond 2(DSB), 3) Clearfil SE bond(DSE), 4) All bond universal(DAB), 5) Constic(DC), and Enamel group included 6 groups: 1) Scotch bond Multi-purpose plus(ESM), 2) Single bond 2(ESB), 3) Clearfil SE bond(ESE), 4) All bond universal(EAB), 5) Constic(EC), 6) Constic with additional etching(ECE). A cylinder of composite was bonded to the prepared surface, and the shear bond strength was measured. In the dentin groups, group DC had significantly lower shear bond strength than group DSE. No significant difference was found between group DC, group DSM, group DSB and group DAB. In the enamel groups, there was no significant difference between group EC, group ESE, and group EAB. This material showed lowest shear bond strength among all tested materials in both enamel and dentin groups, showing insignificant difference with some adhesive systems. Therefore, 3-in-1 flowable composite can be used for primary teeth restoration but further studies are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2009

Statement of problem: There is a reduction of dentin bonding strength when the bonding procedure is carried out immediately after bleaching with peroxides. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate a proper time interval for in-office bleaching technique using 35% hydrogen peroxide. Material and methods: Fifty extracted non-caries human third molars were used in this study. Buccal enamel of each tooth was removed and polished by 600 grits silicone carbide paper. They were randomly divided into five groups and bleached 35% hydrogen peroxide except control group. All groups were bonded with Single Bond/Z 350 after each time intervals ; Group-A: control, no bleaching treatment. Group-B: resin bonding immediately after bleaching. Group-C: resin bonding 1day after bleaching. Group-D: resin bonding 2 days after bleaching. Group-E: resin bonding 7days after bleaching. Shear bond strengths were measured with a cross-head speed of 1.0 mm/min using an Instron machine. The data of results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison test.(P=.05) Results: There were significant decreases in mean shear strength in immediately bonding group after bleaching. The reduction of bond strengths was 78% compared with the group of no bleaching treatment. Group C showed the recovery of 51%, and Group D showed recovery of 63%. Both of them have no statistical difference with non-bleaching group. Group E showed no statistical difference with no bleaching treatment group. Conclusion: Dentin bonding strength is significantly reduced when bonding is performed immediately after bleaching for in-office bleaching regimens using 35% hydrogen peroxide, and increases as time goes by. One week of elapsed time between bleaching and resin bonding significantly increases bonding strengths for the in-office bleaching technique.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.365-376
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different etching times on microtensile bond strength (${\mu}TBS$) to dentin both initial and after thermocycling with 3 different types of total-etching adhesives. Fifty four teeth were divided into 18 groups by etching times (5, 15, 25 sec), adhesives types (Scotchbond Multipurpose (SM), Single Bond (SB), One-Step (OS)) and number of thermocycling (0, 2,000 cycles). Flat dentin surfaces were prepared on mid-coronal dentin of extracted third molars. After exposed fresh dentin surfaces were polished with 600-grit SiC papers, each specimen was acid-etched with 35% phosphoric acid (5, 15, 25 sec) and bonded with 3 different types of total etching adhesives respectively. Then, hybrid composite Z-250 was built up. Half of them were not thermocycled (control group) and the ethers were subjected to 2,000 thermocycle (experimental group). They were sectioned occluso-gingivally into $1.0\;{\times}\;1.0\;mm^2$ composite-dentin beams and tested with universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Within limited data of this study, the results were as follows 1. There was no statistically significant difference in ${\mu}TBS$ between the thermocycled and non-thermocycled groups, except for both SM and SB etched for 25 sec. 2. In thermocycled SM and SB groups, bond strength decreased by extended etching time. In total etching systems, adhesive durability for dentin could be affected by type of solvents in adhesive and etching time. Especially, extended etching time may cause deteriorate effects on bond strength when ethanol-based adhesive was used.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.285-291
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenase and esterase on the microtensile bond $strength({\mu}TBS)$ in dentin bonding. After resin composites were bonded to occlusal dentin. ${\mu}TBS$ specimens were formed and stored in PBS, collagenase, or esterase solution After 4-week storage, ${\mu}TBS$ was determined and, the results were as follows : 1. ${\mu}TBS$ values of Single Bond 2 were lower than those of Clearfil SE Bond for all storage medium (p<0.05). 2. In Single Bond 2 group, collagenase solution lowered bond strength more than PBS and esterase solution (p>0.05). 3. In Clearfil SE Bond group, esterase solution lowered bond strength more than PBS(p>0.05). Collagenase solution lowered bond strength more than esterase solution(p>0.05) and PBS(p<0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2003

본 연구는 total etching (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; MP) 및 self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond; SE 과 Prompt L-pop LP) 상아질 접착제의 nanoleakage 양상을 관찰하고 열순환 후의 nanoleakage 양상의 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 30개의 발거된 치아의 교합면 및 협, 설측 법랑질을 제거하였다. 열 순환 시행 여부에 따라 두 군으로 나누어 실험하였으며 각각의 상아질 접착제 도포 후 Z-250으로 교합면을 수복하였다. Silver nitrate용액 및 현상액에 침적 후치아의 협설 방향으로 평행하게 절단하여 SEM으로 관찰하였다. 서로 다른 양상의 nanoleakage가 관찰되었다. MP의 경우는 resin tag 주위로 뚜렷한 은의 침착을 관찰 할 수 있었으며 혼합층 전체 두께에 띠 및 점상으로 흩어져 침착된 은을 관찰 할 수 있었다. SE의 경우는 혼합층의 하층을 따라 은으로 침착된 선을 관찰 할 수 있었으며 혼합층과 adhesive 경계를 따라 무정형의 은 침착물 들을 관찰할 수 있었다. LP의 경우는 혼합층의 하부 및 혼합층 내에 띠 모양으로 은의 침착을 관찰 할 수 있었으며 혼합층의 하부에서는 관찰되지 않고 혼합층의 내부에서만 관찰되는 경우도 있었다. 열순환을 시행한 군에서는 전반적 nanoleakage 양상은 열 순환을 시행하지 않은 군과 유사하였으나 은 침착의 증가를 관찰 할 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.409-417
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of light irradiation over self-priming adhesive on dentin bonding. After acid etching the exposed dentin, a self-priming adhesive (Prime&Bond$^{\circledR}$NT dental adhesive system Dentsply DeTrey, GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) was applied and light irradiation was done for 20 sec with regular intensity (600 mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$) in group I and for 3 sec with ultra-high intensity (1930 mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$) in group III. No light irradiation was done over self-priming adhesive in groups II and IV. Composite resin was added on the self-priming adhesive and irradiated for 40 sec with regular intensity (600 mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$) in groups I and II and for 3 sec with ultra-high intensity (1930 mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$) in groups III and IV. To see the effect of light curing time on dentin bonding, another 3 group specimens were prepared. Without light-irradiation over self-priming adhesive, added composite resin was irradiated for 3, 6, or 12 sec with ultra-high intensity light. After bonded specimens were stored in 37$^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours, shear bond strength were measured using a universal testing machine (4202, Instron, Instron Co., U.S.A.) and fractured surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope (SZ-PT Olympus, Japan). Statistical analysis were done with one-way, two-way ANOVA and chi-square test. The results were as follows : 1. The shear bond strengths from the groups irradiated over self-priming adhesive were significantly higher than those from the groups without irradiation (p<0.05). 2. There was no significant shear bond strength difference between regular intensity light irradiation groups and ultra-high intensity ones (p>0.05). 3. There was no significant shear bond strength difference among various irradiation time groups with ultra-high intensity ones (p>0.05). 4. In stereomicroscopic examination of fractured surfaces, adhesive-cohesive mixed failure mode was mostly seen in all groups, and there was no significant difference in failure mode among groups (p>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.419-424
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the effects of temporary sealing materials on microtensile bond strength between resin-coated dentin and resin inlay and to compare the bonding effectiveness of delayed dentin sealing and that of immediate dentin sealing. Materials and Methods: The teeth were divided into 4 groups: group 1, specimens were prepared using delayed dentin sealing after temporary sealing with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE); group 2, specimens were prepared using immediate dentin sealing and ZOE sealing; group 3, specimens were prepared using immediate dentin sealing and Dycal (Dentsply) sealing; group 4, specimens were prepared using immediately sealed, and then temporarily sealed with a resin-based temporary sealing material. After removing the temporary sealing material, we applied resin adhesive and light-cured. Then the resin inlays were applied and bonded to the cavity with a resin-based cement. The microtensile bond strength of the sectioned specimens were measured with a micro-tensile tester (Bisco Inc.). Significance between the specimen groups were tested by means of one-way ANOVA and multiple Duncan's test. Results: Group 1 showed the lowest bond strength, and group 4 showed the highest bond strength (p < 0.01). When temporary sealing was performed with ZOE, immediate dentin sealing showed a higher bonding strength than delayed dentin sealing (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Based on these results, immediate dentin sealing is more recommended than delayed dentin sealing in bonding a resin inlay to dentin. Also, resin-based temporary sealing materials have shown the best result.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.420-429
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare the micro ensile bond strength to bovine dentin of several adhesives (SM, Scotch $Bond^{TM}$ Multipurpose; SB, $Adper^{TM}$ Single Bond 2; SE, $Clearfil^{(R)}$ SE Bond; AQ, AQ $Bond^{TM}$; TS, $Clearfil^{(R)}$ tri-S Bond). Except SM and SB, they have a simplified one- or two-step application protocols in compare with the dentin adhesives conventional three-step protocols. For the microtensile bond strength test, the labial surfaces of bovine incisors were used. Following exposure of dentin layer, according to their manufacturer's directions, each dentin adhesives were applied and composite resin blocks were constructed. The teeth were sectioned for specimen and tested microtensile bond strength. Also observed the fracture mode of interface. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The microtensile bond strength values ranged from 51.34 to 24.04 MPa on dentin(in decreasing order, SE, SM, SB, AQ and TS). 2. The highest microtensile bond strength was by SE and SM on bovine dentin, and the lowest by AQ and TS. 3. SM, SB and SE showed cohesive failures and adhesive failure but AQ, TS presented almost adhesive failures. In summary, microtensile bond strengths of single-step adhesives (AQ and TS) on bovine dentin were significantly lower than those of multi-step adhesives (SM, SB and SE) (p<0.05).