• Convergence Security Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

The purpose of the research is to let people recognize the necessity of Karatedo training and enhance the value of it. Karate sparring is quite helpful to learn the skills that how to escort a protectee as a guard. The skills are divided into hand skills, foot skills and pitching skills. Firstly, it is the hand skills. 'ap-son-chi-gi' or 'di-son-chi-gi' at pressure points such as face, neck and abdomen is effective to overpower adversary. If straight attacks are not easy, 'return stroke' is better. Secondly, it is the foot skills. Front kick towards pressure points, straight attacks like side kick and hindpaw kick and curving attacks like front-spinning kick, 'ap-hu-ri-gi and 'di-hu-ri-gi', these are different types of the foot skills. Lastly, it is the pitching skills. To overpower compeletly, tripping up and 'hu-ri-gi' for breaking the balance and then hand and foot skills for attacking the pressure points are the best way.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2003

Most 3D display systems heavily depend on binocular disparity to produce 3-dimensional depth of a scene. In principle, the vergence angle of the object on fixation and binocular disparity of non-fixated objects vary with the inter-pupillary distance(IPD) of the observer. However, most stereo systems provide the identical stereo image pairs regardless of the observers' IPD, which may result in variation in the perceived depth. In this study, we manipulated the vergence angle of the fixated object and binocular disparity of the non-fixated object. The range of the individual difference in the perceived depth was found to be increased with the increase of disparity for both the fixated and non-fixated objects, and the individual difference was well fitted by the regression line of the observers' IPD. These results suggest that individual difference in the perceived depth from the identical stereo images should be greatly reduced if the stereo system calibrates the disparity of the object by the observers' IPD in generating the stereo images and the regression line found in this study might be useful in the calibrating the disparity of the images.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.202-206
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 X-band GB-SAR 시스템을 이용하여 지상을 모니터링 하였으며, 대기 중의 습도와 거리의 영향을 받는 대기보정 상수를 산출하였다. 시스템에서 X-band 안테나는 중심주파수 9.65 GHz, 밴드 폭 600 MHz이며, 신호의 증폭과 다편파 측정 및 분석을 위해 각각 마이크로파 앰프와 마이크로파 스위치를 이용하였다. Azimuth step과 length는 5 cm와 5 m로 최대 관측 거리는 약 200 m 이다. phase 분석에 쓰인 산란체는 총 5개의 trihedral corner reflector로서, 시스템으로부터의 거리를 각각 다르게 설정하였다. 실험은 3일간 연속적으로 수행되었으며, 실험간 상대습도는 최소 50 %에서 최대 90 %까지로 약 40 %의 변화를 보였다. 고정된 상태의 reflector는 마치 이동한 것과 같은 현상을 보였는데 이는 마이크로화의 전파과정에서 발생하는 거리와 습도에 따른 지연효과라고 판단하였으며, 이를 배제하기 위하여 대기보정식을 산출하였다. 산출과정에서 temporal coherence가 0.98 이하인 reflector의 신호는 제외하였는데 이 경우 시스템 및 reflector의 안정성에 문제가 있다고 판단하였기 때문이다. 산출된 대기보정식은 C-band 안테나를 사용한 실험과 비교하여 보았다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the distance of the light tip to the surface of restoration and exposure time on the polymerization of surface and 2mm below the surface of light-activated composite resins. Two light-activated composite resins were used. From the experiment, the following results were obtained. 1. Relative light intensity rapidly decreased when distance of the light tip to the surface of material is more than 2mm(p<0.05). 2. In all groups, microhardness was increased according to the increase of relative light intensity and exposure time(p<0.05). 3. The distance of the light tip to the surface of restoration and exposure time more affected 2mm below the surface rather than the surface(p<0.05). 4. Although exposure time was increased, difference of microhardness of the 2mm below the surface with the distance of the light tip to the surface of restoration was relatively high in Z100 between below 4mm and other groups and Z250 between below 2mm and other groups(p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 한국지능시스템학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.419-422
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• 2007

유전자 변이가 쉽게 일어나는 바이러스 등은 변이 계통에 따라 집단을 형성하게 된다. 이러한 집단들에 대한 분석은 해당 바이러스 집단에 대한 추적, 백신 및 치료약 개발에서 필수적이다. 어떤 집단의 염기 서열의 특성을 효과적으로 표현하는 패턴을 시그너쳐라 하며, 이러한 시그너쳐는 특정 염기서열 집단의 고유한 특성을 나타내면서 다른 집단과 구별되는 정보를 포함하는 것이 바람직하다. 이 논문에서는 가능한 후보 시그너쳐들을 염기분포를 이용하여 생성해가면서, 시그너쳐 해당부위의 염기를 상대 서열집단의 공통 서열의 염기로 변환하여 집단간의 상대거리를 측정함으로써, 후보 시그너쳐에 의한 집단의 고유성질 표현능력과 집단간 차별화 능력을 고려하여 시그너쳐를 추출하는 방법을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2003년도 제2차 연례학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.210-219
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• 2003

오페론(operon)은 보통 미생물에서 다수의 인접한 유전자들로 구성된 그룹으로 하나의 유전자처럼 공통된 프로모터에 의해 전사되는 단위이다. 오페론을 구성하는 유전자들은 기능적으로 서로 유사하거나 같은 물질대사경로(metabolic pathway) 상에 존재하는 특징을 지니기 때문에 이들은 중요한 의미를 가지며, 미생물 유전체 분석에서 오페론을 구성하는 유전자들을 예측하는 것은 상당히 중요하다. 오페론을 예측하는 이전 연구들로는 이미 알려진 오페론의 특징인 유전자간 거리나 오페론을 구성하는 평균 유전자 개수 등을 이용하는 방법, 마이크로어레이 발현 실험을 이용한 방법, 전유전체(whole genome)들 간의 보존된 유전자 집합(conserved gene cluster)을 이용한 방법 그리고 물질대사경로를 이용한 방법 등이 있다. 본 논문에서는 COG 기능(function) 거리, 유전자 간의 거리, 코돈 사용빈도(codon usage) 그리고COG 기능 거리와 유전자간 거리를 같이 적용한 방법을 이용하여 오페론 예측을 위한 전처리 모델을 생성하였다 전처리 모델을 E. coli 전유전체에 적용해본 결과, 알려진 오페론들의 약 90%가 이를 포함하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제시한 전처리 모델은, 추후 오페론 예측을 위한 좋은 도구로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제32권2D호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

Layout Criteria are developed for an access mode's on and off facility at multiple transfer centers in this paper. Layout Criteria are location issues between a main mode and access modes in terms of the on and off facility one another. The total distance between them has been suggested to be minimized. In the distance calculation stairs are considered to be more difficult and than open space. On the other hand an escalator and an elevator are treated as easier than open space. Considering the number of people between on and off facility, the weighted average distance is suggested to be a MOE(Measure of effectiveness) for layout criteria at multiple transfer centers. Finally, the layout criteria are applied to the existing Kimpo airport terminal and some improvement ideas are suggested.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.433-449
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• 2006

Two primary objectives of this study were to determine important personal factors in performing cognitive distance mapping, and to understand how human's cognitive distance mapping capabilities were influenced by reference and subjects' locations using Global Positioning System (GPS). Undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Kansas, USA were interviewed and surveyed throughout the campus area giving them a paper-and-pencil test. Study results showed that females had more accurate cognitive mapping capability than males regardless of ethnic background and academic levels. Generally, subjects with longer affiliation with the university, higher ages and academic levels had less variability in their mapping accuracy. Subjects tended to more accurately map the target locations closer to the reference points than those located farther away, and subjects who were closer to a reference point performed their distance mapping better than those farther away. A correlation analysis reported that male subjects used reference-to-target and subject-to-reference distances more sensitively than females to estimate the locations of the targets. This result indicates that males might have used the reference point-based map scale more strenuously than females.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2007

Raining method has been widely used for preparing sand specimen because of its ability to reconstitute the homogeneous specimen with desired relative density and its reliability established by the numerous experiments on diverse influential factors. In conventional raining methods, adjustment of relative density is achieved by controlling the shutter porosity and the whole system is required to be re-adjusted to achieve the target relative density when the granular characteristics are changed. It is also observed from conventional methods that certain degrees of spatial variation in density exist and the limited range of relative density is reproduced. In this paper, raining system with porous plate is proposed. It is shown that the wide range of relative density can be achieved by controlling failing height only. This enhanced system is able to obviate the subtle control of shutter porosity and minimize the effect of falling distance, which in turn ensures the homogeneity of the specimen, especially for low relative density.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised learning network and competitive learning algorithm for pattern classification. The proposed network is based on relative similarity, which is similarity measure between input data and cluster group. So, the proposed network and algorithm is called relative similarity network(RSN) and learning algorithm. According to definition of similarity and learning rule, structure of RSN is designed and pseudo code of the algorithm is described. In general pattern classification, RSN, in spite of deletion of learning rate, resulted in the identical performance with those of WTA, and SOM. While, in the patterns with cluster groups of unclear boundary, or patterns with different density and various size of cluster groups, RSN produced more effective classification than those of other networks.